O

* o 오¹ [五 five] NUMERAL = five

책 5장을 펴세요. Chae go jangeul pyeoseyo. Open your books to chapter 5.

o 오² INTERJECTION = oh

오, 이제 알겠다! O, ije algettta! Oh, now I see!

*oda 오다¹ VERB = come (ANT. 가다¹ 1)

언제 오세요? Eonje oseyo? When are you coming?

빨리 토요일이 왔으면 좋겠어요. Ppalli toyoiri wasseumyeon jokesseoyo. I wish Saturday would come soon.

*oda 오다² AUXILIARY VERB = come up along, have done

그는 30년 동안 한 회사에서 일해 왔다. Geuneun samsip nyeon dongan han hoesaeseo ilhae wattta. He has worked for a single company for thirty years.

NOTE: The auxiliary verb 오다 appears as - 아/어/여 오다 after a verb. It signifies that a certain action gets closer to its starting point as it proceeds.

oe 외 [外 except] DEPENDENT NOUN = except (SYN. 이외)

연필 외에는 모두 책상 위에서 치우세요. Yeonpil oeeneun modu chaekssang wieseo chiuseyo. Clear everything from your desk except your pencil.

oeadeul 외아들 [외 only + 아들 son] NOUN = only son

한때는 외아들은 군대에 가지 않았지만 지금은 아니다. Hanttaeneun oeadeureun gundaee gaji anatjjiman jigeumeun anida. There was a time when the only sons didn’t join the military, but not any more.

oebu 외부 [外 outside + 部 divide] NOUN = the outside (ANT. 내부)

이 문은 외부에서는 열리지 않습니다. I muneun oebueseoneun yeolliji ansseumnida. This door won’t open from the outside.

oechida 외치다 VERB = shout, yell

어디선가 도와 달라고 외치는 소리가 들렸다. Eodiseonga dowa dallago oechineun soriga deullyeottta. I heard a call for help from somewhere.

oechim 외침 [외치 shout (from 외치다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = cry, shout

그는 도와 달라는 그녀의 외침을 외면한 뒤 부끄러움을 느꼈다. Geuneun dowa dallaneun geunyeoi oechimeul oemyeonhan dwi bukkeureoumeul neukkyeottta. He was ashamed because he ignored her cry for help.

oechul(hada) 외출(하다) [外 outside + 出 out] I NOUN = going out II VERB = go out

외출하실 때는 우산 꼭 챙기세요. Oechulhasil ttaeneun usan kkok chaenggiseyo. Make sure to bring your umbrella when you go out.

oeda 외다 = 외우다 oeuda

*oegugeo 외국어 /외구거/ [外 outside + 國 country + 語 language → languages used outside of the country] NOUN = foreign language

저는 할 줄 아는 외국어가 없어요. Jeoneun hal jul aneu noegugeoga eopsseoyo. I can’t speak any foreign languages.

*oegugin 외국인 /외구긴/ [外 outside + 國 country + 人 people → people from the outside of country] NOUN = foreigner

저희 호텔의 손님들은 대부분 외국인 관광객들입니다. Jeohi hotere sonnimdeureun daebubun oegugin gwangwanggaektteurimnida. Guests in our hotel are mainly foreign tourists.

*oeguk 외국 [外 outside + 國 country] NOUN = foreign country (SYN. 해외)

외국에 가 본 적이 있습니까? Oeguge ga bon jeogi itsseumnikka? Have you ever been abroad?

oegyo 외교 [外 outside + 交 make friends with → the act of making friends with people from outside] NOUN = diplomacy

미국은 1970년에 쿠바와 외교 관계를 끊었다. Migugeun cheongubaekchilssim nyeone kubawa oegyo gwangyereul kkeuneottta. The US severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1970.

oegyogwan 외교관 [外 outside + 交 make friends with + 官 officer] NOUN = diplomat

왜 외교관이 되고 싶은 거니? Wae oegyogwani doego sipeun geoni? Why do you want to be a diplomat?

oehalmeoni 외할머니 [外 mother’s side + 할머니 grandmother] NOUN = one’s mother’s mother

외할머니는 작년에 돌아가셨어요. Oehalmeonineun jangnyeone doragasyeosseoyo. My grandmother passed away last year.

oeharabeoji 외할아버지 /외하라버지/ [外 mother’s side + 할아버지 grandfather] NOUN = one’s mother’s father

저는 외할아버지를 닮았어요. Jeoneun oeharabeojireul dalmasseoyo. I resemble my maternal grandfather.

oeje 외제 [外 outside + 製 manufacture → manufactures made from the outside of country] NOUN = foreign brand (ANT. 국산)

이 차 국산이야, 외제야? I cha gukssaniya, oejeya? Is this car a domestic brand, or a foreign brand?

oekkwa 외과 /외꽈/ [外 outside + 科 department] NOUN = surgery department (ANT. 내과)

이 병원에 외과가 있나요? I byeongwone oekkwaga innayo? Does this hospital have a surgery department?

NOTE: Note that 외과 is pronounced as / 외꽈 oekkwa /.

oemo 외모 [外 outside + 貌 appearance] NOUN = appearance, look

사람을 외모로 판단하지 마세요. Sarameul oemoro pandanhaji maseyo. Don’t judge a man by his appearance.

oemyeon(hada) 외면(하다) [外 outside + 面 face → the state in which a person turns his face away from something] I NOUN = looking away, turning away II VERB = look away from, turn away from

그는 나를 외면하고 지나갔다. Geuneun nareu roemyeonhago jinagattta. He passed by with his face turned away from me.

현실을 외면하지 마. Hyeonsireul oemyeonhaji ma. Face the reality.

oenbal 왼발 [왼 left + 발 foot] NOUN = left foot

그 농구 선수는 왼발에 부상을 입었다. Geu nonggu seonsuneun oenbare busangeul ibeottta. The basketball player had a left foot injury.

*oenjjok 왼쪽 [왼 left + 쪽 direction] NOUN = the left (ANT. 오른쪽)

왼쪽 아래에 있는 빨간 버튼을 누르세요. Oenjjo garaee inneun ppalgan beoteuneul nureuseyo. Press the red button at the bottom left.

oenson 왼손 [왼 left + 손 hand] NOUN = left hand

저는 왼손으로 글씨를 써요. Jeoneun oensoneuro geulssireul sseoyo. I write with my left hand.

oeroptta 외롭다 /외롭따/ ADJECTIVE = lonely, solitary (SYN. 쓸쓸하다)

네가 떠나고 나면 많이 외로울 것 같아. Nega tteonago namyeon mani oeroul kkeot gata. I’m going to feel so lonely after you leave.

oeroum 외로움 [외로우 lonely (from 외롭다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = loneliness

내 생각에는 외로움을 달래는 데는 TV만 한 게 없는 거 같아. Nae saenggageneun oeroumeul dallaeneun deneun tibeuiman han ge eomneun geo gata. I think nothing is better than watching TV to lessen your loneliness.

oesamchon 외삼촌 [外 mother’s side + 三 three + 寸 degree of kinship] NOUN = mother’s brother

이번 방학에 대구에 있는 외삼촌 댁을 방문하려고 해. Ibeon banghage daegue inneu noesamchon daegeul bangmunharyeogo hae. I’m going to visit my uncle in Daegu this vacation.

oeuda 외우다 VERB = memorize

단어를 외우는 제일 쉬운 방법이 뭘까? Daneoreul oeuneun jeil swiun bangbeobi mwolkka? What’s the easiest way to memorize words?

ogada 오가다 [오 come (from 오다) + 가다 go] VERB = come and go

우리는 서로 집에도 자주 오가는 사이예요. Urineun seoro jibedo jaju oganeun saiyeyo. We often visit each other’s home.

ohae(hada) 오해(하다) [誤 mistake + 解 untie → a mistake in untying the meaning of words] I NOUN = misunderstanding II VERB = misunderstand

정말이야! 이건 다 오해야. Jeongmariya! Igeon da ohaeya. I swear! This is all a misunderstanding.

ohiryeo 오히려 ADVERB = rather, on the contrary (SYN. 도리어)

몸이 약한 사람이 오히려 오래 살 수도 있다. Momi yakan sarami ohiryeo orae sal ssudo ittta. A weak man could ironically live a long time.

*ohu 오후 [午 noon + 後 after] NOUN, DETERMINER = afternoon, p.m. (ANT. 오전)

내일 오후에 가지러 가도 될까요? Naeil ohue gajireo gado doelkkayo? Can I pick it up tomorrow afternoon?

oi 오이 NOUN = cucumber

오이는 다이어트에 좋아요. Oineun daieoteue joayo. Cucumber is good for diet.

*ojeon 오전 [午 noon + 前 before → before noon] NOUN, DETERMINER = morning, a.m. (ANT. 오후)

저희는 오전 9시에 문을 엽니다. Jeohineun ojeon ahop ssie muneul yeomnida. We open at 9 o’clock in the morning.

ojik 오직 ADVERB = only, solely, exclusively (SYN. 오로지)

이제 우리가 할 수 있는 일은 오직 하나밖에 안 남았어. Ije uriga hal ssu inneun nireun ojik hanabakke an namasseo. There’s only one thing left that we can do now.

ojingeo 오징어 NOUN = squid

오징어를 너무 열심히 씹었더니 턱이 아파. Ojingeoreul neomu yeolssimhi ssibeottteoni teogi apa. I chewed the squid so hard that my jaw hurts.

okssang 옥상 /옥쌍/ [屋 house + 上 over] NOUN = rooftop

옥상에 올라가서 잠시 쉴까? Okssange ollagaseo jamsi swilkka? Why don’t we go up to the rooftop to relax?

okssusu 옥수수 /옥쑤수/ NOUN = corn

저는 요즘 저녁으로 옥수수를 먹어요. Jeoneun yojeum jeonyeogeuro okssusureul meogeoyo. These days I eat corns for dinner.

ol 올 DETERMINER = of this year

올 여름은 작년보다 더 더운 것 같아요. Ol ryeoreumeun jangnyeonboda deo deoun geot gatayo. It feels like this summer is hotter than last summer.

olbareuda 올바르다 ADJECTIVE = right, proper (SYN. 바르다² 1)

나는 네가 올바른 선택을 할 거라고 믿어. Naneun nega olbareun seontaegeul hal kkeorago mideo. I know that you’ll make the right choice.

*olhae 올해 [올 of this year + 해 year] NOUN = this year (SYN. 금년)

우리 회사는 올해 신규 직원을 뽑을 계획이 없습니다. Uri hoesaneun olhae singyu jigwoneul ppobeul kkyehoegi eopsseumnida. Our company doesn’t have any plan to hire new employees this year.

*ollagada 올라가다 [올라 rise (from 오르다) + 가다 go] VERB = go up, rise, climb (ANT. 내려 가다)

도대체 고양이가 저 나무 위로 어떻게 올라갔지? Dodaeche goyangiga jeo namu wiro eotteoke ollagatjji? How on earth did the cat get up that tree?

오후에는 기온이 영상으로 올라가겠습니다. Ohueneun gioni yeongsangeuro ollagagetsseumnida. Temperature will rise above freezing in the afternoon.

ollaoda 올라오다 [올라 rise (from 오르다) + 오다 come] VERB = come up

이번 주말에 부모님이 서울로 올라오실 거예요. Ibeon jumare bumonimi seoullo ollaosil kkeoyeyo. My parents will come to Seoul this weekend.

ollaseoda 올라서다 [올라 rise (from 오르다) + 서다 stand] VERB

1 = get up on, step on

의자 위에 올라서서 책을 꺼내야 했다. Uija wie ollaseoseo chaegeul kkeonaeya haettta. I had to step on a chair to take the book out.

2 = rise (to the higher level)

이번 승리로 우리 팀이 2위로 올라섰다. Ibeon seungniro uri timi i wiro ollaseottta. Through this victory, our team has risen to the second place.

ollatada 올라타다 [올라 rise (from 오르다) + 타다 ride] VERB = get on, get into

나는 기차에 올라타고 나서야 내가 잘못 탔음을 깨달았다. Naneun gichae ollatago naseoya naega jalmot tasseumeul kkaedarattta. Only after I got on the train did I realize it was the wrong one.

ollida 올리다 VERB

1 = raise, lift (ANT. 내리다 3)

이 가방을 좀 올려 주시겠어요? I gabangeul jo mollyeo jusigesseoyo? Can you put this bag up there for me?

2 = post, put up

내가 홈페이지에 올린 사진 봤어? Naega hompeijie ollin sajin bwasseo? Have you seen the picture I posted on my website?

ollimpik 올림픽 [from English Olympic] NOUN = the Olympics

한국 야구 팀은 2008년 베이징 올림픽에서 우승했다. Hangung nyagu timeun icheonpal ryeon beijing ollimpigeseo useunghaettta. The Korean national baseball team won the championship in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

ollyeodaboda 올려다보다 [올려 raise (from

올리다) + 다 + 보다 see] VERB = look up (at)

그 여자는 키가 상당히 커서 나는 그녀를 올려다보아야 했다. Geu yeojaneun kiga sang-danghi keoseo naneun geunyeoreul ollyeodaboaya haettta. The woman was so tall, and I had to raise my head to look at her.

ollyeonota 올려놓다 /올려노타/ [올려 raise (from 올리다) + 놓다 put] VERB = put sth on

주전자를 불에 올려놓아라. Jujeonjareul bure ollyeonoara. Put the kettle on the stove.

olta 옳다 /올타/ ADJECTIVE = right, proper (SYN. 맞다² 1; ANT. 틀리다)

나도 네 말이 옳다는 건 알고 있어. Nado ne mari oltaneun geon algo isseo. I know you’re right, too.

omgida 옮기다 /옴기다/ VERB

1 = move (sth)

피아노는 어떻게 옮기지? Pianoneun eotteoke omgiji? How are we going to move the piano?

2 = transfer, move

다른 부서로 옮기고 싶어요. Dareun buseoro omgigo sipeoyo. I’d like to transfer to another department.

on 온 DETERMINER = all, entire

오랜만에 온 집안 식구들이 모두 모였어요. Oraenmane on jiban sikkkudeuri modu moyeosseoyo. The whole family has gathered together for the first time in such a long time.

ondo 온도 [溫 warm + 度 degree → degree of how warm something is] NOUN = temperature

물의 온도가 몇 도야? Mure ondoga myeot ttoya? What’s the temperature of the water?

ondol 온돌 [溫 warm + 突 suddenly] NOUN = ondol (Korean heating system)

허리가 아플 때는 온돌 바닥에 눕는 게 최고야. Heoriga apeul ttaeneun ondol badage numneun ge choegoya. When your back hurts, the best thing to do is to lie on the ondol floor.

NOTE: 온돌 is a traditional Korean heating system. Heated water flows through pipes underneath the floor, to warm the room.

*oneul 오늘 NOUN, ADVERB = today

오늘부터 다이어트 할 거야. Oneulbuteo daieoteu hal kkeoya. I’ll start a diet from today.

차를 가져와서 오늘 밤에는 술을 못 하겠어요. Chareul gajeowaseo oneul bameneun sureul mo tagesseoyo. I won’t be having any drinks tonight, since I’m driving my car.

선생님께 칭찬을 받아서 오늘 기분이 좋아요. Seonsaengnimkke chingchaneul badaseo oneul gibuni joayo. I feel so good today, because my teacher gave me a praise.

oneullal 오늘날 /오늘랄/ [오늘 today + 날 day] NOUN = today, present

박지성은 오늘날 최고의 아시아 선수 중 한 명이다. Bakjjiseongeun oneullal choegoe asia seonsu jung han myeongida. Jisung Park is one of the best Asian players today.

ongat 온갖 /온갇/ [온 all + 갖] DETERMINER = all, every kind of

그 사람은 온갖 어려움을 다 겪었어요. Geu sarameun ongat eoryeoumeul da gyeokkeosseoyo. He’s gone through every kind of difficulty.

onjongil 온종일 = 종일 jongil

onmom 온몸 [온 all + 몸 body] NOUN = whole body

어제부터 온몸이 아파요. Eojebuteo onmomi apayo. My body has been aching all over since yesterday.

onnain 온라인 /온나인, 올라인/ [from English online] NOUN = online

온라인으로 책을 몇 권 주문했어요. Onnaineuro chaegeul myeot kkwon jumunhaesseoyo. I ordered some books online.

ontong 온통 ADVERB = all, entirely

머릿속에 온통 그 여자 생각뿐이야. Meorissoge ontong geu yeoja saenggakppuniya. She’s all I think about.

opera 오페라 [from English opera] NOUN = opera

오페라와 뮤지컬의 차이가 뭐야? Operawa myujikeore chaiga mwoya? What’s the difference between an opera and a musical?

opiseutel 오피스텔 [from English office-tel] NOUN = studio (apartment)

저는 오피스텔에서 혼자 살아요. Jeoneun opiseutereseo honja sarayo. I live alone in a studio.

NOTE: 오피스텔 is a compound word that combines 오피스 (office) with 호텔 (hotel), and originally referred to an office with living facilities. These days, however, many single people also live in this type of place.

*oppa 오빠 NOUN = girl’s elder brother

우리 오빠는 대학생이에요. Uri oppaneun daehakssaengieyo. My older brother is a college student.

NOTE: See the note on 형 hyeong.

*orae 오래 ADVERB = long, for a long time

거기에서 오래 살았어? Geogieseo orae sara-sseo? Did you live there for a long time?

oraedoeda 오래되다 [오래 long time + 되다 become] ADJECTIVE = old

우리 학교는 부산에서 가장 오래된 학교 중 하나야. Uri hakkkyoneun busaneseo gajang oraedoen hakkkyo jung hanaya. Our school is one of the oldest in Busan.

NOTE: 오래되다 is used in the past tense: 오래 됐다.

*oraeganman 오래간만 NOUN = long time (since we met before)

오래간만이야! Oraeganmaniya! I haven’t seen you for ages!

oraejeon 오래전 [오래 long time + 前 before] NOUN = long time ago

그것은 오래 전에 있었던 일이다. Geugeoseun orae jeone isseottteon nirida. It’s something that happened a long time ago.

oraen 오랜 DETERMINER = old, long-time

오랜 대화 끝에 그들은 헤어지기로 결정했다. Oraen daehwa kkeute geudeureun heeojigiro gyeoljjeonghaettta. After a long talk, they decided to break up.

*oraenman 오랜만 = 오래간만 oraeganman

oraettongan 오랫동안 /오래똥안/ [오래 long time + ㅅ infix + 동안 while] NOUN, ADVERB = (for) a long time

이 순간을 오랫동안 기다려 왔어요. I sunganeul oraettongan gidaryeo wasseoyo. I’ve been waiting so long for this moment.

orak 오락 [娛 amuse + 樂 enjoy] NOUN

1 = entertainment, amusement

요즘은 TV의 오락 프로그램들이 거의 다 비슷한 거 같아요. Yojeumeun tibeuie orak peurogeuraemdeuri geoi da biseutan geo gatayo. I think most of the entertainment programs on TV are similar these days.

2 = video game

아들 녀석은 컴퓨터로 오락만 해요. Adeul nyeoseogeun keompyuteoro orangman haeyo. My boy only plays games on the computer.

*orenji 오렌지 [from English orange] NOUN = orange

오렌지 주스 주세요. Orenji juseu juseyo. Orange juice, please.

*oreuda 오르다 VERB

1 = rise, go up (ANT. 내리다 1)

가격이 얼마나 올랐어요? Gagyeogi eolmana ollasseoyo? How much did the price rise?

2 = climb

노인들에게는 계단을 오르는 게 쉽지 않다. Noindeuregeneun gyedaneul oreuneun ge swipjji anta. It’s not easy for seniors to climb stairs.

3 = be listed, be recorded

그의 이름이 인터넷 검색 순위 1위에 올랐다. Geue ireumi inteonet keomsaek ssunwi i rwie ollattta. His name was ranked No.1 in the Internet hit list.

oreunbal 오른발 [오른 right + 발 foot] NOUN = right foot

공을 찰 때 오른발에 체중을 실어 봐. Gongeul chal ttae oreunbare chejungeul sireo bwa. Rest your weight on your right foot when you kick the ball.

*oreunjjok 오른쪽 [오른 right + 쪽 direction] NOUN = the right (ANT. 왼쪽)

오른쪽에 스위치가 있어요. Oreunjjoge seuwichiga isseoyo. There’s a switch on the right side.

oreunson 오른손 [오른 right + 손 hand] NOUN = right hand

명함은 오른손으로 받는 것이 좋습니다. Myeonghameun oreunsoneuro banneun geosi josseumnida. It’s better to use your right hand when receiving cards.

ori 오리 NOUN = duck

오리도 날 수 있나요? Orido nal ssu innayo? Can ducks fly?

oroji 오로지 ADVERB = only, solely (SYN. 오직)

어머니는 오로지 제 행복만을 바라세요. Eomeonineun oroji je haengbongmaneul baraseyo. My mother only wants happiness for me.

*osip 오십 [五 five + 十 ten → five times ten] NUMERAL = fifty

삼촌은 오십 대 초반이세요. Samchoneun osip ttae chobaniseyo. My uncle is in his early fifties.

*ot 옷 /옫/ NOUN = clothes, clothing

옷 한 벌 값이 내 월급이랑 비슷해. O tan beol kkapssi nae wolgeubirang biseutae. The outfit costs as much as my monthly income.

otcharim 옷차림 /옫차림/ [옷 clothes + 차림 getup] NOUN = getup, dress

공식적인 행사에 알맞은 옷차림으로 와 주시기 바랍니다. Gongsikjjeogin haengsae alma-jeu notcharimeuro wa jusigi baramnida. Please dress appropriately for a formal event.

otobai 오토바이 [from English auto (bicycle)] NOUN = motorcycle, bike

나는 오토바이로 여행 다닐 생각이야. Naneun otobairo yeohaeng danil ssaenggagiya. I’m planning to travel by motorcycle.

*owol 오월 [五 five + + 月 month → the fifth month] NOUN = May

5월 5일은 어린이날입니다. Owo ro ireun eorininarimnida. May 5th is Children’s Day.

oyeom 오염 [汚 dirty + 染 dye → the state in which something is stained with dirty things] NOUN = pollution, contamination

그 문제는 오염과 직접적인 관련이 없습니다. Geu munjeneun oyeomgwa jikjjeopjjeogin gwallyeoni eopsseumnida. That issue has no direct connection with pollution.

oyeomdoeda 오염되다 [汚 dirty + 染 dye + 되 다 become] VERB = be polluted, be contaminated

이 강물은 심하게 오염되었어요. I gangmureun simhage oyeomdoeeosseoyo. This river has been severely polluted.

oyeomsikida 오염시키다 [汚 dirty + 染 dye + 시키다 make] VERB = contaminate, pollute

자동차의 가스가 공기를 오염시키고 있다. Jadongchae gaseuga gonggireul oyeomsikigo ittta. Vehicle exhaust is polluting the air.

P

paak(ada) 파악(하다) [把 grasp + 握 grab] I NOUN = grasp, understanding II VERB = understand, grasp, figure out

분위기 파악 좀 해. Bunwigi paak jom hae. Can’t you see what’s going on?

pada 파다 VERB = dig, excavate

구멍을 파다 gumeongeul pada dig a hole

pado 파도 [波 wave + 濤 wave] NOUN = wave

파도가 2미터는 될 것 같아. Padoga i miteoneun doel kkeot gata. The waves seem at least two meters high.

paen 팬 [from English fan] NOUN = fan

저는 야구 팬이에요. Jeoneun yagu paenieyo. I’m a fan of baseball.

paenti 팬티 [from English pantie] NOUN = under-pants, briefs

팬티는 편한 게 최고야. Paentineun pyeonhan ge choegoya. Comfortable panties are the best ones.

NOTE: Panties refers to short undergarments for women or children. But 팬티 refers to under-pants in general.

paesyeon 패션 [from English fashion] NOUN = fashion, style, look

저는 패션에 영 관심이 없어요. Jeoneun paesyeone yeong gwansimi eopsseoyo. I’m not interested in fashion at all.

pagoe(hada) 파괴(하다) [破 break + 壞 bad] I NOUN = destruction II VERB = destroy

환경 파괴는 동물뿐 아니라 인간도 위협하고 있어요. Hwangyeong pagoeneun dongmulppun anira ingando wihyeopago isseoyo. Destruction of the environment is threatening humans as well as animals.

pail 파일 [from English file] NOUN = file

지난주에 얘기한 그 파일들을 이메일로 보냈어요. Jinanjue yaegihan geu paildeureul imeillo bonaesseoyo. I sent the files that we talked about last week via e-mail.

paiting 파이팅 [from English fighting] INTERJECTION = go!

대한민국 파이팅! Daehanminguk paiting! Go, Korea!

NOTE: 파이팅 is the word you use to encourage your team. It doesn’t mean “fighting.”

*pal 팔¹ NOUN = arm

아이는 겁이 나서 엄마의 팔을 꽉 붙잡았다. Aineun geobi naseo eommae pareul kkwak pputjjabattta. The child was so frightened that he grabbed his mother by the arm.

*pal 팔² [八 eight] NUMERAL = eight

8번 출구로 나가세요. Pal beon chulguro nagaseyo. Take exit number 8.

*palda 팔다 VERB = sell (SYN. 판매하다; ANT. 사다)

저희는 알코올 음료를 팔지 않습니다. Jeohineun alkoo reumnyoreul palji ansseumnida. We don’t sell any alcoholic beverage.

pallida 팔리다 [팔다 sell + 리 passive suffix] VERB = sell, be sold (SYN. 판매되다)

죄송하지만, 햄버거는 다 팔렸습니다. Joesonghajiman, haembeogeoneun da pallyeotsseumnida. Sorry, the hamburgers are sold out.

*palssip 팔십 /팔씹/ [八 eight + 十 ten → eight times ten] NUMERAL = eighty

국어 시험에서 80점을 받았어요. Gugeo siheomeseo palssip jjeomeul badasseoyo. I got 80 points on the Korean exam.

pan 판 DEPENDENT NOUN = match, round, game

바둑 한 판 어때? Badu kan pan eottae? How about a game of go?

NOTE: Put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …) before 판.

pandan(hada) 판단(하다) [判 judge + 斷 determine] I NOUN = judgment II VERB = judge

사람을 외모로 판단하지 마세요. Sarameul oemoro pandanhaji maseyo. Don’t judge a man by his appearance.

pangyeol(hada) 판결(하다) [判 judge + 決 decide] I NOUN = ruling, judgment II VERB = rule, judge

법원은 우리가 벌금을 내야 한다고 판결했어요. Beobwoneun uriga beolgeumeul naeya handago pangyeolhaesseoyo. The court held that we must pay a fine.

panmae(hada) 판매(하다) [販 sell + 賣 sell] I NOUN = sale II VERB = sell (SYN. 팔다)

이 냉장고의 판매 가격은 얼마예요? I naengjanggoe panmae gagyeogeun eolmayeyo? What’s the selling price of this refrigerator?

panmaedoeda 판매되다 [販 sell + 賣 sell + 되 다 become] VERB = sell, be sold (SYN. 팔리다)

이 제품은 현재 세일해서 20만 원에 판매되고 있습니다. I jepumeun hyeonjae seilhaeseo isimma nwone panmaedoego itsseumnida. This product is on sale for 200,000 won.

pansa 판사 [判 judge + 事 work] NOUN = judge

그는 10년간 판사로 일한 뒤 변호사 일을 시작했다. Geuneun sip nyeongan pansaro ilhan dwi byeonhosa ireul sijakaettta. He worked as a judge for ten years and then opened a private practice as a lawyer.

papsong 팝송 [from English pop song] NOUN = Western pop music

저는 국내 가요보다 팝송을 자주 들어요. Jeoneun gungnae gayoboda papsongeul jaju deureoyo. I listen to Western pop music more often than Korean one.

*paransaek 파란색 [파란 blue (from 파랗다) + 色 color] NOUN = blue

중요한 부분은 파란색으로 표시가 되어 있어요. Jungyohan bubuneun paransaegeuro pyosiga doeeo isseoyo. The key parts are highlighted in blue.

parata 파랗다 /파라타/ ADJECTIVE = blue (SYN. 푸르다)

파란 간판이 우리 가게야. Paran ganpani uri gageya. The store with the blue sign is mine.

pari 파리 NOUN = fly

이놈의 파리! Inome pari! Bother the flies!

*parwol 팔월 /파뤌/ [八 eight + 月 month → the eighth month] NOUN = August

8월은 1년 중 제일 더운 달이야. Parworeu nil nyeon jung jeil deoun dariya. August is the hottest month of a year.

*pati 파티 [from English party] NOUN = party (SYN. 잔치)

토요일에 내 생일 파티에 올 수 있니? Toyoire nae saengil patie ol ssu inni? Can you come to my birthday party on Saturday?

NOTE: To check out the difference between 파티 and 잔치, see the note on 잔치 janchi.

peiji 페이지 [from English page] NOUN, DEPENDENT NOUN = page (SYN. 쪽¹)

페이지 번호는 이따 적으면 돼요. Peiji beonhoneun itta jeogeumyeon dwaeyo. You can write down the page numbers later.

이 책은 500페이지가 넘어요. I chaegeun obaek peijiga neomeoyo. This book is over 500 pages long.

peojida 퍼지다 VERB = spread

소문은 인터넷을 통해 순식간에 퍼졌다. Somuneun inteoneseul tonghae sunsikkkane peojeottta. The rumor quickly spread through the Internet.

*peosenteu 퍼센트 [from English percent] DEPENDENT NOUN = percent (SYN. 프로²)

네 의견에 100 퍼센트 찬성이야. Ne uigyeone baek peosenteu chanseongiya. I agree with you 100 percent.

NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (십, 이십, 삼십, 사십, 오십, …) before 퍼센트.

peullaseutik 플라스틱 [from English plastic] NOUN = plastic

플라스틱은 쉽게 썩지 않아요. Peullaseutigeun swipkke sseokjji anayo. Plastics don’t rot easily.

*peurangseu 프랑스 [from English France] NOUN = France

주변에 괜찮은 프랑스 레스토랑이 있나요? Jubyeone gwaenchaneun peurangseu reseutorangi innayo? Is there a good French restaurant near here?

peurinteo 프린터 [from English printer] NOUN = printer

프린터에 종이가 떨어졌어요. Peurinteoe jongiga tteoreojeosseoyo. The printer is out of paper.

peuro 프로¹ [from English pro] NOUN

1 = professional (ANT. 아마추어)

성공하고 싶으면 먼저 프로가 돼라. Seonggonghago sipeumyeon meonjeo peuroga dwaera. You need to be a professional if you want to succeed.

2 = program, show

즐겨 보는 TV 프로가 뭐예요? Jeulgyeo boneun tibeui peuroga mwoyeyo? What TV programs do you enjoy watching?

NOTE: 프로 is the shortened word of either professional or program. But when program refers to a computer program, you do not shorten it.

peuro 프로² [from Dutch procent] DEPENDENT NOUN = percent (SYN. 퍼센트)

이 책은 10프로 할인을 해 드리고 있습니다. I chaegeun sip peuro harineul hae deurigo itsseumnida. We offer this book ten percent off.

NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (십, 이십, 삼십, 사십, 오십, …) before 프로.

peurogeuraem 프로그램 [from English program] NOUN = program, show

저는 TV 오락 프로그램은 잘 안 봐요. Jeoneun tibeui orak peurogeuraemeun jal an bwayo. I don’t watch entertainment programs on TV much.

이 프로그램 멈춰서 닫히지를 않아. I peurogeuraem meomchwoseo dachijireul ana. This program is stuck and won’t shut down.

pi 피 NOUN = blood

우선 옷에 묻은 피부터 닦아라. Useon ose mudeun pibuteo dakkara. Wipe off the blood on you clothes first.

IDIOMS

piga geokkuro sottta 피가 거꾸로 솟다 = one’s blood boils

그 얘기를 들으니 피가 거꾸로 솟았다. Geu yaegireul deureuni piga geokkuro sosattta. That story makes my blood boil.

pido nunmuldo eoptta 피도 눈물도 없다 = be cold-blooded

그 사람은 피도 눈물도 없는 인간이야. Geu sarameun pido nunmuldo eomneu ninganiya. He is cold-blooded.

pireul mallida 피(를) 말리다 = be killing someone

그 면접은 내내 사람 피를 말렸다. Geu myeonjeobeun naenae saram pireul mallyeottta. The interview was sheer torture throughout.

*piano 피아노 [from English piano] NOUN = piano

피아노 참 잘 치시네요. Piano cham jal chisineyo. You play the piano well.

pibu 피부 [皮 skin + 膚 skin] NOUN = skin

그 여자는 피부가 정말 좋아요. Geu yeojaneun pibuga jeongmal joayo. She has a great complexion.

pida 피다 VERB = bloom, blossom (ANT. 지다³ 2)

장미는 언제 펴요? Jangmineun eonje pyeoyo? When does the rose bloom?

pigon(hada) 피곤(하다) [疲 tired + 困 tired] I NOUN = tiredness, fatigue (SYN. 피로) II ADJECTIVE = tired (SYN. 피로하다)

무슨 일 있어? 되게 피곤해 보인다. Museun il isseo? Doege pigonhae boinda. What’s the matter? You look so tired.

pihada 피하다 [避 avoid + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = avoid, escape

어디 들어가서 비 좀 피하자. Eodi deureogaseo bi jom pihaja. Let’s go in somewhere out of the rain.

맵고 짠 음식은 피하셔야 합니다. Maepkko jja neumsigeun pihasyeoya hamnida. You need to avoid salty and spicy food.

pihae 피해 [被 get + 害 harm] NOUN = damage, harm

다행히 피해가 크지는 않았어요. Dahaenghi pihaega keujineun anasseoyo. Fortunately, the damage was not so great.

pihaeja 피해자 [被 get + 害 harm + 者 person] NOUN = victim

피해자 여러분께 진심으로 사과드립니다. Pihaeja yeoreobunkke jinsimeuro sagwadeurimnida. I offer my sincere apologies to the victims.

*pija 피자 [from Italian pizza] NOUN = pizza

점심은 피자로 할까? Jeomsimeun pijaro halkka? Shall we have pizza for lunch?

pilleum 필름 [from English film] NOUN = film

카메라에 필름 들어 있어요? Kamerae pilleum deureo isseoyo? Does this camera have a film in it?

IDIOM

pilleumi kkeunkida 필름이 끊기다 = pass out drunk

어젯밤에는 필름이 끊겨서 집에 어떻게 왔는지 기억이 안 나요. Eojeppameneun pilleumi kkeunkyeoseo jibe eotteoke wanneunji gieogi an nayo. I passed out last night, so I don’t remember how I got back home.

pilssu 필수 /필쑤/ [必 necessarily + 須 must] I NOUN = a must

이 영화를 보려면 예약은 필수야. I yeonghwareul boryeomyeon yeyageun pilssuya. Making a reservation is a must to see this movie.

II DETERMINER = indispensable, mandatory

건강은 행복의 필수 조건이에요. Geongangeun haengboge pilssu jokkeonieyo. Good health is a prerequisite for happiness.

pilssujeok 필수적 /필쑤적/ [必 necessarily + 須 must + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = essential

좋은 사전은 영어 공부할 때 필수적이에요. Joeun sajeoneun yeongeo gongbuhal ttae pilssujeogieyo. A good dictionary is a must for studying English.

piltong 필통 [筆 writing brush + 筒 case → a case for writing tools] NOUN = pencil case

필통 속을 찾아봐. Piltong ssogeul chajabwa. Look inside the pencil case.

pinggye 핑계 NOUN = excuse, pretext (SYN. 변명)

어제는 아프다는 핑계로 학교에 가지 않았어요. Eojeneun apeudaneun pinggyero hakkkyoe gaji anasseoyo. I was absent from school on the pretext of being sick.

NOTE: 변명 is the act of giving excuses to hide your mistake or fault, while 핑계 is the act of making up excuses to avoid something you don’t want to do. You say 변명을 하다 and 핑계를 대다.

piro(hada) 피로(하다) [疲 tired + 勞 work] I NOUN = tiredness, fatigue (SYN. 피곤) II ADJECTIVE = tired (SYN. 피곤하다)

사우나 가서 피로를 좀 풀어야겠어. Sauna gaseo piroreul jom pureoyagesseo. I should go to the sauna and relax.

*piryo(hada) 필요(하다) /피료(하다)/ [必 necessarily + 要 necessary] I NOUN = need, necessity II ADJECTIVE = necessary (ANT. 불필요하다)

변화가 필요하다는 생각이 들어요. Byeonhwaga piryohadaneun saenggagi deureoyo. I think I need a change.

네 도움은 필요 없어. Ne doumeun piryo eopsseo. I don’t need your help.

piryosseong 필요성 /피료썽/ [必 necessarily + 要 necessary + 性 nature] NOUN = need, necessity

컴퓨터를 배워야 할 필요성이 있을까요? Keompyuteoreul baewoya hal piryosseongi isseulkkayo? Do you think we need to learn how to use computers?

pisi 피시 [from English PC] NOUN = personal computer

20년 전에는 PC를 갖고 있는 사람이 많이 없었다. Isim nyeon jeoneneun pisireul gatkko inneun sarami mani eopsseottta. Not many people had a personal computer twenty years ago.

pisibang 피시방 [PC + 房 room] NOUN = Internet café

근처에 PC방 있나요? Geuncheoe pisibang innayo? Is there an Internet café around here?

*piuda 피우다 VERB = smoke

여기서 담배 피워도 되나요? Yeogiseo dambae piwodo doenayo? Can I smoke here?

*podo 포도 [葡 grape + 萄 grape] NOUN = grape

포도 한 송이에 얼마예요? Podo han songie eolmayeyo? How much is a bunch of grapes?

podoju 포도주 [葡 grape + 萄 grape + 酒 liquor] NOUN = wine (SYN. 와인)

포도주는 치즈랑 같이 먹으면 딱이에요. Podojuneun chijeurang gachi meogeumyeon ttagieyo. Wine goes perfectly with cheese.

pogeunhada 포근하다 ADJECTIVE

1 = cozy

침대가 참 포근해요. Chimdaega cham pogeunhaeyo. I feel cozy in bed.

2 = warm, mild

이번 겨울은 작년보다 포근한 편이에요. Ibeon gyeoureun jangnyeonboda pogeunhan pyeonieyo. This year’s winter is milder than last year.

pogi(hada) 포기(하다) [抛 throw + 棄 abandon] I NOUN = abandonment II VERB = give up, abandon

이번 시합은 절대 포기할 수 없어요. Ibeon sihabeun jeolttae pogihal ssu eopsseoyo. I can never give up this match.

poham(hada) 포함(하다) [包 wrap + 含 contain] I NOUN = inclusion (ANT. 제외) II VERB = include, contain (ANT. 제외하다)

저를 포함해서 모두 열 명이에요. Jeoreul pohamhaeseo modu yeol myeongieyo. Ten in total, including me.

pohamdoeda 포함되다 [包 wrap + 含 contain + 되다 become] VERB = be included (ANT. 제외되다)

요금에 아침 식사도 포함되어 있나요? Yogeume achim sikssado pohamdoeeo innayo? Does the price include breakfast?

pointeu 포인트 [from English point] NOUN = point

그래서 네 말의 포인트가 뭐야? Geuraeseo ne mare pointeuga mwoya? So, what’s your point?

그 여자는 웃는 게 매력 포인트야. Geu yeojaneun unneun ge maeryeok pointeuya. Her attractive feature is the smile.

pojang(hada) 포장(하다) [包 wrap + 裝 decorate] I NOUN = packing, packaging II VERB = wrap, pack

남은 거 포장해 주시겠어요? Nameun geo pojanghae jusigesseoyo? Can you wrap up what’s left to go?

pojangmacha 포장마차 [布 cotton cloth + 帳 tent + 馬 horse + 車 car] NOUN = cart bar

퇴근하고 포장마차에서 한잔 어때요? Toegeunhago pojangmachaeseo hanja neottaeyo? How about a drink at a cart bar after work?

NOTE: 포장마차 is a simple place that sells street food and alcoholic beverages. Usually located on the street, often under the cover of a tent, they sell a variety of snacks like tteokbokki, noodles, etc.

pok 폭 [幅 width] NOUN = width

이 골목은 폭이 너무 좁아서 차 두 대가 지나갈 수 없어요. I golmogeun pogi neomu jobaseo cha du daega jinagal ssu eopsseoyo. This alley is too narrow for two cars to pass through.

pokeu 포크 [from English fork] NOUN = fork

다른 포크 갖다 드리겠습니다. Dareun pokeu gattta deurigetsseumnida. I’ll get you another fork.

pongneoltta 폭넓다 /퐁널따/ [幅 width + 넓다 wide] ADJECTIVE = wide, broad

저는 이 출판 분야에 폭넓은 경험이 있습니다. Jeoneun i chulpan bunyae pongneolbeun gyeongheomi itsseumnida. I have a broad experience in the publication field.

NOTE: 폭넓다 is used only for abstract things such as scope, range or activities.

pongnyeok 폭력 /퐁녁/ [暴 violent + 力 strength] NOUN = violence

요즘은 TV에 폭력 장면이 너무 많이 나오는 거 같아요. Yojeumeun tibeuie pongnyeok jjangmyeoni neomu mani naoneun geo gatayo. There seems to be too much violence on TV these days.

ppaeatkkida 빼앗기다 /빼앋끼다/ [빼앗다 deprive + 기 passive suffix] VERB = be deprived of

지난 수업 시간에 만화책 읽다가 선생님한테 빼앗겼어요. Jinan sueop ssigane manhwachaek ikttaga seonsaengnimhante ppaeatkkyeosseoyo. I was reading a comic book in class and my teacher took it away.

ppaeattta 빼앗다 /빼앋따/ VERB = deprive, take

시간을 너무 많이 빼앗은 건 아닌지 모르겠습니다. Siganeul neomu mani ppaeaseun geon aninji moreugetsseumnida. I’m afraid I took up too much of your time.

ppaeda 빼다 VERB

1 = take out, count out (ANT. 더하다)

인사할 때는 주머니에서 손을 빼라. Insahal ttaeneun jumeonieseo soneul ppaera. Take your hands out of the pockets when you greet someone.

이번에는 나를 빼 줘. Ibeoneneun nareul ppae jwo. Count me out this time.

2 = lose (weight) (SYN. 제외하다)

너는 살 뺄 필요 없어. Neoneun sal ppael piryo eopsseo. You don’t have to lose weight.

ppaenota 빼놓다 /빼노타/ VERB = leave out, omit

우리 반에서 저만 빼놓고 모두 대학에 들어갔어요. Uri baneseo jeoman ppaenoko modu daehage deureogasseoyo. Everyone in my class went to college except me.

ppaettta 뺏다 /뺃따/ = shortened form of 빼앗다 ppaeattta

ppajeonagada 빠져나가다 /빠저나가다/ [빠져 fall out (from 빠지다) + 나가다 go out] VERB = get out, escape

빠져나갈 구멍이 없어. Ppajeonagal kkumeongi eopsseo. There is no way out.

ppajeonaoda 빠져나오다 /빠저나오다/ [빠 져 fall out (from 빠지다) + 나오다 come out] VERB = get out, escape

회의 중에 몰래 빠져나와서 전화하는 거야. Hoei junge mollae ppajeonawaseo jeonhwahaneun geoya. I sneaked out of the meeting to be on the phone.

ppajida 빠지다 VERB

1 = fall out, come out

어젯밤에 이가 빠지는 꿈을 꿨어요. Eojeppame iga ppajineun kkumeul kkwosseoyo. I had a dream last night where my tooth fell out.

와, 너 정말 살이 많이 빠졌구나. Wa, neo jeongmal sari mani ppajeotkkuna. Wow, you’ve lost a lot of weight!

2 = sink

저는 어릴 때 물에 빠져 죽을 뻔한 적이 있어요. Jeoneun eoril ttae mure ppajeo jugeul ppeonhan jeogi isseoyo. I once almost drowned when I was a kid.

3 = be dropped, be missing

명단에 제 이름이 빠져 있어요. Myeongdane je ireumi ppajeo isseoyo. My name is missing from the list.

ppalda 빨다¹ VERB = wash, clean

옷을 빨아도 때가 안 빠져요. Oseul pparado ttaega an ppajeoyo. I tried washing the clothes, but the dirt won’t come out.

ppalda 빨다² VERB = suck

아이처럼 손가락 좀 빨지 마. Aicheoreom sonkkarak jom ppalji ma. Stop sucking your thumb like a child.

*ppalgansaek 빨간색 [빨간 red (from 빨갛다) + 色 color] NOUN = red

저 빨간색 차를 따라가세요. Jeo ppalgansaek chareul ttaragaseyo. Follow that red car.

ppalgata 빨갛다 /빨가타/ ADJECTIVE = red (SYN. 붉다)

빨간 불이야. Ppalgan buriya. The light is red.

ppallae(hada) 빨래(하다) I NOUN = laundry

II VERB = do the laundry

빨래는 세탁기에 넣어라. Ppallaeneun setakkkie neoeora. Put the laundry in the washing machine.

*ppalli 빨리 ADVERB = quickly, fast, early

어제는 뭐 때문에 그렇게 빨리 퇴근했어요? Eojeneun mwo ttaemune geureoke ppalli toegeunhaesseoyo? Why did you leave the office so early yesterday?

*ppang 빵 [from Portuguese pao] NOUN = bread

저는 아침에 밥 대신 빵을 먹어요. Jeoneun achime bap daesin ppangeul meogeoyo. I eat bread instead of rice for breakfast.

ppangjjip 빵집 /빵찝/ [빵 bread + 집 house → a house that sells bread] NOUN = bakery, bakeshop

저는 조그만 빵집을 하고 있어요. Jeoneun jogeuman ppangjjibeul hago isseoyo. I run a small bakery.

*ppareuda 빠르다 ADJECTIVE = fast, quick (ANT. 느리다)

거기 가려면 택시를 타는 게 제일 빨라요. Geogi garyeomyeon taeksireul taneun ge jeil ppallayo. The fastest way to get there is by taxi.

ppatteurida 빠뜨리다 VERB

1 = miss, leave out

빠뜨린 거 없는지 확인해 봐. Ppatteurin geo eomneunji hwaginhae bwa. Make sure you didn’t leave anything out.

2 = drop

오늘 아침에 핸드폰을 물에 빠뜨렸어요. Oneul achime haendeuponeul mure ppatteuryeosseoyo. I dropped my cell phone in water this morning.

ppeonhada 뻔하다¹ ADJECTIVE = clear, obvious

뻔한 거짓말은 더 이상 안 통해. Ppeonhan geojinmareun deo isang an tonghae. Those obvious lies won’t work any more.

ppeonhada 뻔하다² AUXILIARY ADJECTIVE = almost

조심해! 부딪힐 뻔했어! Josimhae! Budichil ppeonhaesseo! Watch out! You almost got hit!

NOTE: 뻔하다 appears as - ㄹ/을 뻔하다 after a verb.

ppeottta 뻗다 /뻗따/ VERB = reach, stretch

다리 좀 길게 뻗어도 돼? Dari jom gilge ppeodeodo dwae? Would you mind if I stretched out my legs?

ppopida 뽑히다 /뽀피다/ [뽑다 pull out + 히 passive suffix] VERB

1 = be pulled out

이번 태풍으로 거리의 나무들이 뿌리까지 뽑혔어요. Ibeon taepungeuro georie namudeuri ppurikkaji ppopyeosseoyo. The recent typhoon uprooted trees on the streets.

2 = be chosen, be selected

저희 딸이 반장으로 뽑혀서 자랑스러워요. Jeohi ttari banjangeuro ppopyeoseo jarangseureowoyo. My daughter was chosen to be the classroom president and I’m proud of her.

ppoppo(hada) 뽀뽀(하다) I NOUN = kiss, peck (SYN. 키스) II VERB = kiss (SYN. 키스하다)

아빠한테 뽀뽀. Appahante ppoppo. Give Daddy a kiss.

NOTE: 뽀뽀 usually refers to a peck on the cheek or on the lips, for example between a parent and a young child. 키스 is usually used to say a kiss between lovers.

ppoptta 뽑다 /뽑따/ VERB

1 = pull out

이를 아직 뽑을 필요는 없어요. Ireul ajik ppobeul piryoneun eopsseoyo. There is no need for you to have the tooth pulled yet.

2 = hire, recruit

이번에 우리 회사는 열 명의 신규 직원을 뽑을 예정입니다. Ibeone uri hoesaneun yeol myeonge singyu jigwoneul ppobeul ryejeongimnida. Our company is planning to hire ten new employees.

3 = select, choose (SYN. 선택하다)

우리는 이것들 중에서 오직 하나만 뽑아야 합니다. Urineun igeottteul jungeseo ojik hanaman ppobaya hamnida. We have to choose only one among these.

ppun 뿐 I DEPENDENT NOUN = just, only

그것은 시간 낭비일 뿐이야. Geugeoseun sigan nangbiil ppuniya. It’s just a waste of time.

II PARTICLE = just, only

경기 규칙을 아는 스포츠가 농구뿐이에요. Gyeonggi gyuchigeul aneun seupocheuga nongguppunieyo. Basketball is the only sport I know how to play.

NOTE: The dependent noun 뿐 appears as - ㄹ/을 뿐 after a verb or an adjective.

ppuri 뿌리 NOUN = root

아직도 한국에는 여성에 대한 뿌리 깊은 편견이 남아 있다. Ajiktto hangugeneun yeoseonge daehan ppuri gipeun pyeongyeoni nama ittta. There still remains deep-seated prejudice against women in Korea.

ppurichida 뿌리치다 VERB = shake off

그 사람은 제 손을 뿌리치고 가 버렸어요. Geu sarameun je soneul ppurichigo ga beoryeosseoyo. He shook off my hand and went away.

ppurida 뿌리다 VERB = sprinkle, scatter

오늘 옷에 향수 뿌렸어? Oneul ose hyangsu ppuryeosseo? Did you spray perfume on your clothes today?

ppyam 뺨 NOUN = cheek (SYN. 볼¹)

저는 오른쪽 뺨에 점이 있어요. Jeoneun oreunjjok ppyame jeomi isseoyo. I have a mole on my right cheek.

ppyeo 뼈 NOUN = bone

넘어져서 뼈에 금이 갔어요. Neomeojeoseo ppyeoe geumi gasseoyo. I fell and fractured my bone.

IDIOMS

ppyeoga ppajige ilhada 뼈(가) 빠지게 일하다 = work one’s fingers to the bone

어머니는 하루 종일 공장에서 뼈 빠지게 일하세요. Eomeonineun haru jongil gongjangeseo ppyeo ppajige ilhaseyo. My mother runs her pants off in a factory all day long.

mare ppyeoga ittta 말에 뼈가 있다 = there is something meaningful in what sb says

그 사람 말에는 뼈가 있어요. Geu saram mareneun ppyeoga isseoyo. Everything he says is charged with meaning.

ppyeoreul kkaktta 뼈를 깎다 = very hard and painful

이 회사에서 살아남으려면 뼈를 깎는 노력이 필요합니다. I hoesaeseo saranameuryeomyeon ppyeoreul kkangneun noryeogi piryohamnida. You should work very hard to survive in this company.

ppyeowa gajukppunida 뼈와 가죽뿐이다 = be all skin and bones

한 달간 다이어트를 했더니 남은 게 뼈와 가죽뿐이야. Han dalgan daieoteureul haettteoni nameun ge ppyeowa gajukppuniya. I’m all skin and bones after a month of being on a diet.

ppyeoman namtta 뼈만 남다 = 뼈와 가죽뿐이다

pssida ㅂ시다 /ㅂ씨다/ ENDING = propositive ending

그만 끝내고 집에 갑시다. Geuman kkeunnaego jibe gapssida. Let’s call it a day and go home.

NOTE: See the note on 읍시다 eupssida.

puda 푸다 VERB = scoop

그릇에 밥 좀 퍼라. Geureuse bap jom peora. Scoop rice into a bowl.

puk 푹 ADVERB = deeply, very much

집에서 푹 쉬어라. Jibeseo puk sswieora. You need some bed rest.

빨래를 물에 푹 담가 두세요. Ppallaereul mure puk ttamga duseyo. Give the laundry a good soaking.

pul 풀¹ NOUN = glue, paste

풀을 너무 많이 바르지 마세요. Pureul neomu mani bareuji maseyo. Don’t apply too much glue.

pul 풀² NOUN = grass

이 땅에는 풀이 자랄 수 없어요. I ttangeneun puri jaral ssu eopsseoyo. Grass can’t grow on this land.

pulda 풀다 VERB

1 = untie, unfasten (ANT. 묶다)

아직 안전벨트 풀지 말아 주십시오. Ajik anjeonbelteu pulji mara jusipssio. Please do not unfasten your seat belt.

2 = solve

아직 다섯 문제밖에 못 풀었어요. Ajik daseon munjebakke mot pureosseoyo. I solved only five questions.

3 = let go of

기분 풀고 잊어버려. Gibun pulgo ijeobeoryeo. Just let it go and forget about it.

pullida 풀리다 [풀다 untie + 리 passive suffix] VERB

1 = come untied

신발 끈이 풀렸어요. Sinbal kkeuni pullyeosseoyo. Your shoe have come untied.

2 = be solved

오해가 풀려서 다행이에요. Ohaega pullyeoseo dahaengieyo. I’m glad that there’s no more misunderstanding.

3 = disappear, melt away

노래방에서 노래를 불렀더니 스트레스가 싹 풀렸어요. Noraebangeseo noraereul bulleottteoni seuteureseuga ssak pullyeosseoyo. My stress was gone after I sang songs at karaoke.

pumjil 품질 [品 item + 質 nature] NOUN = quality (SYN. 질)

저희는 훌륭한 품질을 보장합니다. Jeohineun hullyunghan pumjireul bojanghamnida. We guarantee excellent quality.

pummok 품목 [品 item + 目 article] NOUN = item

주문하실 품목의 번호를 말씀해 주세요. Jumunhasil pummoge beonhoreul malsseumhae juseyo. Tell me the item number of your order, please.

pumtta 품다 /품따/ VERB = bear, carry

저는 언젠가 부자가 될 거라는 희망을 품고 있어요. Jeoneun eonjenga bujaga doel kkeoraneun himangeul pumkko isseoyo. I cherish the hope that I’ll be rich some day.

pungbuhada 풍부하다 [豊 abundant + 富 rich + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = rich, plentiful

이 잡지는 읽을 만한 기사가 많아요. I japjjineun ilgeul manhan gisaga manayo. This magazine has lots of articles worth reading.

punggyeong 풍경 [風 scene + 景 scene] NOUN = landscape, scene (SYN. 경치)

설악산은 풍경이 아주 아름다워요. Seorakssaneun punggyeongi aju areumdawoyo. Mountain Seorak has a marvellous landscape.

pungseup 풍습 [風 custom + 習 practice] NOUN = custom

한국 사람들은 새해에 떡국을 먹는 풍습이 있습니다. Hanguk ssaramdeureun saehaee tteokkkugeul meongneun pungseubi itsseumnida. Koreans have a custom of eating rice soup on New Year’s Day.

pureuda 푸르다 ADJECTIVE = blue, azure, green (SYN. 파랗다)

비 온 뒤 하늘은 푸르네요. Bi on dwi haneureun pureuneyo. The sky looks blue after the rain.

pyeoda 펴다 VERB = unfold, open (ANT. 접다, 덮다)

비가 오기 시작하네. 우산 펴라. Biga ogi sijakane. Usan pyeora. It’s starting to rain. Open the umbrella.

앉을 때 허리 펴라. Anjeul ttae heori pyeora. Sit up straight.

pyeolcheojida 펼쳐지다 /펼처지다/ [펼쳐 open (from 펼치다) + 지다 become] VERB

1 = open, spread out

책이 펼쳐진 채 테이블 위에 있었어요. Chaegi pyeolcheojin chae teibeul wie isseosseoyo. The book was sitting open on the table.

2 = be held (SYN. 열리다 2)

이번 공연은 야외에서 펼쳐질 거예요. Ibeon gongyeoneun yaoeeseo pyeolcheojil kkeoyeyo. This performance will be held outdoors.

pyeolchida 펼치다 VERB = open, spread

지하철에서는 신문을 펼치고 보지 마세요. Jihacheoreseoneun sinmuneul pyeolchigo boji maseyo. Don’t open up your newspaper in the subway.

pyeollihada 편리하다 /펼리하다/ [便 comfortable + 利 helpful + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = convenient (SYN. 편하다 2)

이 책은 작아서 갖고 다니기 편리해요. I chaegeun jagaseo gatkko danigi pyeollihaeyo. This book is small and easy to carry.

pyeon 편¹ [篇 book] DEPENDENT NOUN = piece, book (unit of counting movies or books)

지금까지 소설을 몇 편이나 쓰셨어요? Jigeumkkaji soseoreul myeot pyeonina sseusyeosseoyo? How many novels have you written so far?

NOTE: Put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …) before 편 when you count the number of movies or books. If you say 일 편, 이 편, 삼 편, ..., it means part 1, 2, 3 in a series.

pyeon 편² [便 side] I NOUN = side

아내는 항상 아들 편만 들어요. Anaeneun hangsang adeul pyeonman deureoyo. My wife always sides with her son.

II DEPENDENT NOUN = side

아버지는 말이 없는 편이세요. Abeojineun mari eomneun pyeoniseyo. Dad is on the quiet side.

NOTE: The dependent noun 편 usually appears as - ㄴ/은 편이다 or - 는 편이다 after a verb/ adjective.

pyeonanhada 편안하다 /펴난하다/ [便 comfortable + 安 comfortable + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = comfortable (SYN. 편하다 1)

그 사람이랑 같이 있으면 마음이 편안해져요. Geu saramirang gachi isseumyeon maeumi pyeonanhaejeoyo. I feel comfortable with him.

pyeong 평 [坪 field] DEPENDENT NOUN = pyeong

이 아파트는 한 평에 3천만 원이 넘어요. I apateuneun han pyeonge samcheonma nwoni neomeoyo. This apartment costs over thirty million won per pyeong .

NOTE: 평 is a Korean traditional unit for measuring the size of a room. 1 평 is the same as 3.3m².

pyeongbeomhada 평범하다 [平 ordinary + 凡 general + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = ordinary (ANT. 독특하다)

나는 평범하게 살고 싶지 않아. Naneun pyeongbeomhage salgo sipjji ana. I don’t want to live an ordinary life.

pyeongdeung(hada) 평등(하다) [平 even + 等 grade] I NOUN = equality II ADJECTIVE = equal

모든 사람은 태어날 때부터 평등합니다. Modeun sarameun taeeonal ttaebuteo pyeongdeunghamnida. All humans are born equal.

pyeonggyun 평균 [平 even + 均 even] NOUN = average, mean

제 볼링 평균 점수는 150점 정도예요. Je bolling pyeonggyun jeomssuneun baegosip jjeom jeongdoyeyo. My bowling average is around 150.

pyeonghwa 평화 [平 peaceful + 和 peace] NOUN = peace

제 소원은 남한과 북한의 평화 통일이에요. Je sowoneun namhangwa bukane pyeonghwa tongirieyo. I wish for a peaceful reunion of North and South Korea.

pyeonghwaroptta 평화롭다 /평화롭따/ [平 peaceful + 和 peace + 롭다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = peaceful

부모님은 시골에서 평화롭게 살고 계세요. Bumonimeun sigoreseo pyeonghwaropkke salgo gyeseyo. My parents are living a peaceful life in the country.

pyeongil 평일 [平 ordinary + 日 day] NOUN = weekday

평일에는 손님이 많지 않아요. Pyeongireneun sonnimi manchi anayo. There aren’t many customers on a weekday.

pyeongkka(hada) 평가(하다) /평까(하다)/ [評 comment + 價 value → comment on the value of something] I NOUN = evaluation II VERB = evaluate, estimate

시험은 그동안 배운 것을 평가하기 위한 거야. Siheomeun geudongan baeun geoseul pyeongkkahagi wihan geoya. A test aims to assess what you’ve learned so far.

pyeongsaeng 평생 [平 ordinary + 生 live] NOUN, ADVERB = (in) one’s whole life (SYN. 일생, 한평생)

내 평생 이렇게 창피했던 적은 없었어요. Nae pyeongsaeng ireoke changpihaettteon jeogeun eopsseosseoyo. I have never been so embarrassed in my life.

pyeongsangsi 평상시 [平 ordinary + 常 always + 時 time] NOUN = ordinary day (SYN. 평소)

내일은 평상시보다 조금 일찍 일어나야 해. Naeireun pyeongsangsiboda jogeum iljjing nireonaya hae. I have to wake up earlier than usual tomorrow.

pyeongso 평소 [平 ordinary + 素 original] NOUN = ordinary day (SYN. 평상시)

한복은 평소에는 잘 안 입습니다. Hanbogeun pyeongsoeneun jal an nipsseumnida. Few people wear hanbok for everyday life.

pyeongyeon 편견 [偏 lean + 見 opinion → opinion that leans on one side only] NOUN = prejudice, bias

우리 사회는 아직 장애인에 대한 편견이 있습니다. Uri sahoeneun ajik jangaeine daehan pyeongyeoni itsseumnida. There is prejudice against people with disabilities in our society.

pyeonhada 편하다 [便 comfortable + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE

1 = comfortable, relaxed (SYN. 편안하다)

저는 엎드려서 자는 게 편해요. Jeoneun eoptteuryeoseo janeun ge pyeonhaeyo. I feel comfortable sleeping on my stomach.

2 = convenient, easy (SYN. 편리하다; ANT. 불편하다 I)

교통이 편한 곳에 살고 싶어요. Gyotongi pyeonhan gose salgo sipeoyo. I want to live where transportation is convenient.

pyeonhi 편히 [便 comfortable + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = comfortably

여기 계신 동안 마음 편히 지내세요. Yeogi gyesin dongan maeum pyeonhi jinaeseyo. Make yourself at home while you’re here.

pyeonijeom 편의점 /펴니점/ [便 comfortable + 宜 suitable + 店 shop] NOUN = convenience store

담배 사러 편의점 좀 갔다 올게. Dambae sareo pyeonijeom jom gattta olkke. I’ll go get a pack of cigarettes in a convenience store.

*pyeonji 편지 [便 news + 紙 paper → paper containing your news and regards] NOUN = letter

저는 편지보다 이메일을 즐겨 씁니다. Jeoneun pyeonjiboda imeireul jeulgyeo sseumnida. I prefer writing an e-mail to writing a letter.

*pyo 표¹ [票 note] NOUN

1 = ticket (SYN. 티켓)

남은 표 있나요? Nameun pyo innayo? Are there any tickets left?

2 = vote, ballot

반장 선거에서 한 표 차이로 떨어졌어요. Banjang seongeoeseo han pyo chairo tteoreojeosseoyo. I lost the class election by one vote.

pyo 표² [表 form] NOUN

1 = table

이 표에 있는 숫자가 정확한 건가요? I pyoe inneun sujjaga jeonghwakan geongayo? Are the numbers in this table correct?

2 = expression, mark (SYN. 표시¹)

저는 마음에 안 드는 사람하고 있으면 금방 표가 나요. Jeoneun maeume an deuneun saramhago isseumyeon geumbang pyoga nayo. When I’m with someone I don’t like, it shows on my face.

pyohyeon(hada) 표현(하다) [表 exterior + 現 appear] I NOUN = expression II VERB = express, show

적절한 표현이 안 떠오르네요. Jeokjjeolhan pyohyeoni an tteooreuneyo. I can’t come up with the right expression.

pyojeong 표정 [表 exterior + 情 feeling] NOUN = expression, look

그 사람은 진지한 표정으로 농담을 해요. Geu sarameun jinjihan pyojeongeuro nongdameul haeyo. He makes jokes with a serious face.

pyojun 표준 [標 mark + 準 standard] NOUN = standard, average, norm

저는 우리나라 남자 표준 체격이에요. Jeoneun urinara namja pyojun chegyeogieyo. I’m of average build for a Korean male.

pyojuneo 표준어 /표주너/ [標 mark + 準 standard + 語 language] NOUN = standard language (ANT. 사투리)

요즘에는 표준어와 사투리의 경계가 분명하지 않은 경우가 많아요. Yojeumeneun pyojuneowa saturie gyeonggyega bunmyeonghaji aneun gyeonguga manayo. These days, the boundary between standard language and dialect is often unclear.

pyomyeon 표면 [表 exterior + 面 face → the exterior face of something] NOUN = surface

표면을 만지지 마세요. Pyomyeoneul manjiji maseyo. Don’t touch the surface.

pyosi(hada) 표시(하다)¹ [表 exterior + 示 show] I NOUN = expression II VERB = express

저는 거짓말을 하면 얼굴에 바로 표시가 나요. Jeoneun geojinmareul hamyeon eolgure baro pyosiga nayo. When I lie, it shows immediately on my face.

pyosi(hada) 표시(하다)² [標 mark + 示 show] I NOUN = sign, mark II VERB = mark

도로 위의 이 하얀 표시가 뭐예요? Doro wie i hayan pyosiga mwoyeyo? What are these white marks on the road?