N
*n ㄴ1 PARTICLE
1 = topic particle
전 이 학교 학생이 아닙니다. Jeon i hakkkyo hakssaengi animnida. I don’t go to this school.
2 = contrast particle
비가 내렸지만 많이 오진 않았다. Biga naeryeotjjiman mani ojin anattta. It rained, but not much.
NOTE: The particle ㄴ is used to replace 는 in spoken language. As is the case with the 는, the ㄴ is added to nouns with a vowel ending.
*n ㄴ2 ENDING = past/present modifier
그는 전날 쓴 편지를 꺼냈다. Geuneun jeonnal sseun pyeonjireul kkeonaettta. He took out a letter he wrote the previous day.
NOTE: See the note on 은3 eun.
저는 한국의 가을 하늘만큼 푸른 하늘을 본 적이 없어요. Jeoneun hanguge gaeul haneulmankeum pureun haneureul bon jeogi eopsseoyo. I’ve never seen skies as blue as those of fall in Korea.
*na 나1 PRONOUN = I
나를 아니? Nareul ani? Do you know me?
NOTE: When 나 combines with the particle - 가, it turns into 내 and results in 내가.
*na 나2 PARTICLE
1 = or
아침에는 우유나 주스를 마셔요. Achimeneun uyuna juseureul masyeoyo. I drink either juice or milk in the morning.
2 = as much/many as
우리 집 개가 어제 새끼를 다섯 마리나 낳았어요. Uri jip gaega eoje saekkireul daseon marina naasseoyo. Our dog gave birth to as many as five puppies.
NOTE: A noun with a vowel ending combines with 나, while a noun with a consonant ending combines with 이나.
*na 나3 ENDING = inquisitive ending
이 지폐를 잔돈으로 좀 바꿔 주실 수 있나요? I jipyereul jandoneuro jom bakkwo jusil ssu innayo? Can you break this bill for me?
NOTE: 나 is an inquisitive ending that makes the speaker’s tone sound somewhat softer. The particle 요 can be added to it in order to express politeness.
naajida 나아지다 [나아 recover (from 낫다) + 지다 become] VERB = get better
어제보단 많이 나아졌어. Eojebodan mani naajeosseo. I feel much better than yesterday.
nabi 나비 NOUN = butterfly
나비가 그의 손에 앉았다. Nabiga geue sone anjattta. A butterfly landed on his hand.
*nada 나다1 VERB = happen, occur
어쩌다 사고가 난 거야? Eojjeoda sagoga nan geoya? How did the accident happen?
밖에서 이상한 소리가 나요. Bakkeseo isanghan soriga nayo. There is a strange noise outside.
나도 모르게 눈물이 났어요. Nado moreuge nunmuri nasseoyo. Before I knew it, there were tears in my eyes.
nada 나다2 AUXILIARY VERB = finish doing
숙제하고 나서 놀아라. Sukjjehago naseo norara. Play after finishing your homework.
화를 내고 나면 기분이 더 나빠질 거예요. Hwareul naego namyeon gibuni deo nappajil kkeoyeyo. You will feel even worse after you lose your temper.
NOTE: The auxiliary verb 나다 usually appears in a connective form such as - 고 나서 or - 고 나 면 after a verb. It signifies that a certain action is complete.
nadeuri 나들이 /나드리/ NOUN = trip, outing
이번 주말에는 가족 나들이를 갈 거예요. Ibeon jumareneun gajong nadeurireul gal kkeoyeyo. My family will go on a picnic this weekend.
nae 내1 [內 inside] DEPENDENT NOUN = within (SYN.
안1 2)
일주일 내로 끝나야 합니다. Iljjuil naero kkeunnaya hamnida. It ought to be finished in a week.
*nae 내2 PRONOUN = I
내가 한 일에 책임을 질게. Naega han nire chaegimeul jilkke. I will take responsibility for what I’ve done.
NOTE: When 나 combines with the particle - 가, it turns into 내 and results in 내가.
*nae 내3 = shortened form of 나의
내 옷차림이 뭐가 잘못됐어? Nae otcharimi mwoga jalmotttwaesseo? Is there something wrong with my clothes?
naebeorida 내버리다 [내 give (from 내다) + 버리다 throw away] VERB = leave (alone)
날 좀 혼자 내버려 둬! Nal jom honja naebeoryeo dwo! Leave me alone!
NOTE: 내버리다 is usually used as 내버려 두다.
naebonaeda 내보내다 [내 give (from 내다) + 보내다 send] VERB = let sb or sth out
아이들을 밖으로 내보내라. Aideureul bakkeuro naebonaera. Let the children go out.
naebu 내부 [內 inside + 部 group] NOUN = the inside, interior (ANT. 외부)
내부 수리 중 naebu suri jung Interior Renovation Underway
*naeda 내다1 VERB
1 = give, submit
모두 숙제를 내세요. Modu sukjjereul naeseyo. Hand in your homework, everybody.
2 = pay (SYN. 계산하다 II)
이번에는 제가 낼게요. Ibeoneneun jega naelkkeyo. Let me treat you this time.
*naeda 내다2 AUXILIARY VERB = do sth through, get sth done
결국 제가 해 냈어요. Gyeolguk jega hae naesseoyo. Finally, I did it.
그 사람은 모든 어려움을 이겨 내고 결국 성공했다. Geu sarameun modeu neoryeoumeul igyeo naego gyeolguk seonggonghaettta. He overcame all hardship and achieved success in the end.
NOTE: The auxiliary verb 내다 appears as - 아/어/여 내다 after a verb. It signifies that one has successfully completed a difficult task.
naedaboda 내다보다 VERB = look out (of)
창밖을 내다보지 마. Changbakkeul naedaboji ma. Don’t look out of the window.
naedal 내달 [來 come + 달 month] NOUN = next month
저 내달 초에 결혼해요. Jeo naedal choe gyeolhonhaeyo. I’m getting married at the beginning of next month.
naehunyeon 내후년 [來 come + 後 after + 年 year] NOUN = three years from now
이 공사는 내후년에 끝날 것으로 예상됩니다. I gongsaneun naehunyeone kkeunnal kkeoseuro yesangdoemnida. This construction is expected to be complete in three years.
NOTE: 내후년 means three years from now. And when you say two years from now, technically you should say 후년. But in actual conversation, many Koreans simply use 내후년 to mean two years from now as well.
*naeil 내일 [來 come + 日 day → the day that comes next] NOUN, ADVERB = tomorrow
내일은 아주 추울 거야. Naeireun aju chuul kkeoya. Tomorrow will be very cold.
내일 보자. Naeil boja. See you tomorrow.
naeji 내지 [乃 so + 至 to] ADVERB = to, or
내일은 기온이 2도 내지 3도 오르겠습니다. Naeireun gioni i do naeji sam do oreugetsseumnida. The temperature will rise by two to three degrees tomorrow.
naekkwa 내과 /내꽈/ [內 inside + 科 department] NOUN = internal medicine department (ANT. 외과)
여기 내과가 어디예요? Yeogi naekkwaga eodiyeyo? Can you tell me where the internal medicine ward is?
NOTE: Be careful of the pronunciation of 내과.
naembi 냄비 NOUN = pot, saucepan
제가 냄비를 까맣게 태우고 말았어요. Jega naembireul kkamake taeugo marasseoyo. I burned the pot black.
naemilda 내밀다 [내 give (from 내다) + 밀다 push] VERB = stick out, stretch out
입을 크게 벌리고 혀를 내밀어 보세요. Ibeul keuge beolligo hyeoreul naemireo boseyo. Open your mouth wide and stick your tongue out.
naemsae 냄새 NOUN = smell, odor
찌개 냄새가 참 좋네요. Jjigae naemsaega cham jonneyo. The stew smells nice.
naenae 내내 ADVERB = throughout, all the time
거의 일주일 내내 허리가 아파. Geoi iljjuil naenae heoriga apa. My back has been aching for almost a week.
naengbang 냉방 [冷 cold + 房 room → the process of making a room cooler] NOUN = air conditioning (ANT. 난방)
냉방이 되고 있는 건가요? Naengbangi doego inneun geongayo? Is the air-conditioning working?
naengdong(hada) 냉동(하다) [冷 cold + 凍 frozen] I NOUN = freezing II VERB = freeze (SYN. 얼리다)
남은 음식은 냉동 보관해라. Nameun eumsigeun naengdong bogwanhaera. Keep the leftovers in a freezer.
*naengjanggo 냉장고 [冷 cold + 藏 store + 庫 storage → a storage in which people store food to keep it cold] NOUN = refrigerator, fridge
냉장고 문을 너무 오래 열어 두지 마세요. Naengjanggo muneul neomu orae yeoreo duji maseyo. Don’t leave the refrigerator door open for too long.
*naengmyeon 냉면 [冷 cold + 麵 noodle] NOUN = naengmyeon (Korean cold noodle)
갑자기 냉면이 먹고 싶은걸. Gapjjagi naengmyeoni meokkko sipeungeol. I suddenly got hungry for naengmyeon.
NOTE: 냉면 is a Korean traditional cold noodle dish that is based on stock seasoned with vinegar and mustard. Koreans enjoy it particularly in the summer.
naenmul 냇물 /낸물/ [내 brook + ㅅ infix + 물 water] NOUN = stream, brook
옛날에 이 자리에 냇물이 있었어요. Yennare i jarie naenmuri isseosseoyo. There used to be a stream here before.
naenota 내놓다 /내노타/ [내 give (from 내다) + 놓다 put] VERB = put out, take out
제가 쓰레기 봉투를 밖에 내놓을게요. Jega sseuregi bongtureul bakke naenoeulkkeyo. I’ll put the bag of garbage outside.
*naenyeon 내년 [來 come + 年 year] NOUN = next year
내년에 대학에 갈 거니? Naenyeone daehage gal kkeoni? Are you going to college next year?
naeoe 내외 [內 inside + 外 outside] DEPENDENT NOUN = around, about
보고서는 500자 내외로 쓰세요. Bogoseoneun obaek jja naeoero sseuseyo. Write a report of about 500 characters.
*naerida 내리다 VERB
1 = get off (ANT. 오르다 1)
저는 여기서 내릴게요. Jeoneun yeogiseo naerilkkeyo. I would like to get off here.
2 = fall
밖에는 아직 비가 내리고 있어요. Bakkeneun ajik biga naerigo isseoyo. It’s still raining outside.
3 = lower, unload (ANT. 올리다 1)
창문을 내려도 될까요? Changmuneul naeryeodo doelkkayo? May I roll down the window?
naeryeodaboda 내려다보다 [내려 get off (from 내리다) + 다 + 보다 look] VERB = look down
아래를 내려다보면 머리가 어지러워요. Araereul naeryeodabomyeon meoriga eojireowoyo. Looking down makes me feel dizzy.
*naeryeogada 내려가다 [내려 get off (from 내리다) + 가다 go] VERB = go down, fall (ANT. 올라가다)
계단을 따라 내려가세요. Gyedaneul ttara naeryeogaseyo. Go down the stairs.
가격이 많이 내려갔어요. Gagyeogi mani naeryeogasseoyo. Prices fell greatly.
naeryeonota 내려놓다 /내려노타/ [내려 unload (from 내리다) + 놓다 put] VERB = put down
가방은 거기에 내려놓으세요. Gabangeun geogie naeryeonoeuseyo. Put the bag down there.
*naeryeooda 내려오다 [내려 get off (from 내리다) + 오다 come] VERB = come down
산을 내려오다 다리가 부러졌어요. Saneul naeryeooda dariga bureojeosseoyo. I broke my leg when I was climbing down a mountain.
naeswida 내쉬다 [내 give (from 내다) + 쉬다 breathe] VERB = exhale, breath out (ANT. 들이마 시다)
왜 그렇게 한숨을 내쉬는 거야? Wae geureoke hansumeul naeswineun geoya? Why do you sigh so deeply?
naeyong 내용 [內 inside + 容 face] NOUN = content, substance
내용도 중요하지만 형식도 중요하다. Naeyongdo jungyohajiman hyeongsiktto jungyohada. Contents are important, but so is the form.
*nagada 나가다 VERB
1 = go out
밖에 나가기 전에 따뜻하게 입어라. Bakke nagagi jeone ttatteutage ibeora. Dress warmly before going out.
2 = leave
아내가 집을 나간 이후로 아직 소식이 없어요. Anaega jibeul nagan nihuro ajik sosigi eopsseoyo. I haven’t heard from my wife since she left home.
nagyeop 낙엽 /나겹/ [落 fall + 葉 leaf] NOUN = fallen leaves, autumn leaves
현관 앞 낙엽 좀 쓸어라. Hyeongwa nap nagyeop jom sseureora. Sweep the fallen leaves off the front porch.
naheul 나흘 NOUN = four days
올해 추석에는 나흘 동안 쉬어요. Olhae chuseogeneun naheul ttongan swieoyo. We have four holidays for Chuseok this year.
*nai 나이 NOUN = age (SYN. 연령)
나이보다 젊어 보이세요. Naiboda jeolmeo boiseyo. You look younger than your age.
*najung 나중 NOUN = the last, the next
나중에 보자. Najunge boja. See you later.
NOTE: 나중 is usually used as 나중에.
naksseo(hada) 낙서(하다) /낙써(하다)/ [落 fall + 書 writing] I NOUN = doodle, scribble
II VERB = doodle, scribble
낙서 금지 naksseo geumji No Scribbling
nakssi 낚시 /낙씨/ NOUN = fishing, angling
낚시 갈 준비는 다 됐어? Nakssi gal jjunbineun da dwaesseo? Have you got all the things ready for fishing?
naktta 낡다 /낙따/ ADJECTIVE = old, worn out
제발 낡은 옷들은 좀 버려. Jebal ralgeu nottteureun jom beoryeo. Please throw away worn-out clothes.
*nal 날 NOUN = day
오늘은 쉬는 날이에요. Oneureun swineun narieyo. Today’s my day off.
*nalda 날다 VERB = fly
비행기가 하늘을 높이 날고 있다. Bihaenggiga haneureul nopi nalgo ittta. A plane is flying high in the sky.
nalgae 날개 [날 fly (from 날다) + 개 nominal suffix] NOUN = wing
모든 새가 날 수 있는 건 아니지만, 모든 새는 날개가 있어요. Modeun saega nal ssu inneun geon anijiman, modeun saeneun nalgaega isseoyo. Not all birds can actually fly, but all birds have wings.
IDIOMS
nalgaega dotchin deut pallida 날개(가) 돋친 듯 팔리다 = sell like hot cakes
이 책은 요즘 날개 돋친 듯 팔리고 있어요. I chaegeun yojeum nalgae dotchin deut palligo isseoyo. This book sells like hot cakes these days.
osi nalgae 옷이 날개 = clothes makes the man
역시 옷이 날개야. 사람이 달라 보이네. Yeokssi osi nalgaeya. Sarami dalla boine. Clothes make the man. You look like a different man.
*naljja 날짜 NOUN = date
날짜는 괜찮은데 시간이 좀 안 좋네요. Naljjaneun gwaenchaneunde sigani jom an jonneyo. The date’s fine, but the time’s a little off.
NOTE: In Korean custom, the year comes first, then the month, and the day follows.
오늘은 2010년 12월 30일이에요. Oneureun icheonsim nyeon sibi wol ssamsi birieyo. It’s December 30, 2010.
nalkaroptta 날카롭다 /날카롭따/ ADJECTIVE = sharp
조심해. 끝이 날카로워. Josimhae. Kkeuchi nalkarowo. Be careful! The end is so sharp.
nalli 난리 /날리/ [亂 mess + 離 leave] NOUN = panic, mess
왜 이리 난리야? Wae iri nalliya? What’s all the fuss about?
nallida 날리다 [날다 fly + 리 causative suffix] VERB
1 = fly
풍선을 날리다 pungseoneul nallida fly a balloon
2 = lose
그는 주식으로 전 재산을 날렸어요. Geuneun jusigeuro jeon jaesaneul nallyeosseoyo. He lost his entire fortune in the stock market.
*nalssi 날씨 NOUN = weather
날씨가 너무 추워서 밖에 나가기가 싫어요. Nalssiga neomu chuwoseo bakke nagagiga sireoyo. It’s so cold that I don’t want to go out.
nalssinhada 날씬하다 ADJECTIVE = slim, slender
이 옷을 입으니까 나도 날씬하게 보이는 것 같아요. I oseul ibeunikka nado nalssinhage boineun geot gatayo. I think this dress makes even me look slim.
nam 남1 [男 man] DEPENDENT NOUN = son (ANT. 녀)
저는 1남 3녀 중 첫째예요. Jeoneun il ram sam nyeo jung cheotjjaeyeyo. I’m the oldest among one son and three daughters.
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 남.
nam 남2 NOUN = others, strangers
남들이 하는 말에 신경 쓰지 마세요. Namdeuri haneun mare singyeong sseuji maseyo. Never mind what others say.
nam 남3 [南 south] NOUN = south, South Korea
바람이 남에서 북으로 바뀌었어요. Barami nameseo bugeuro bakkwieosseoyo. The wind changed from south to north.
nambuk 남북 [南 south + 北 north] NOUN = north and south, North and South Korea
한국이 남북으로 나뉜 지 50년이 넘었어요. Hangugi nambugeuro nanwin ji osip nyeoni neomeosseoyo. It’s been over fifty years since Korea was divided into North and South.
*namdongsaeng 남동생 [男 man + 同 same + 生 born → a man who was born later than you from the same mother] NOUN = younger brother (ANT. 여동생)
남동생이 하나 있었으면 좋겠어요. Namdongsaengi hana isseosseumyeon jokesseoyo. I wish I had a younger brother.
nameoji 나머지 NOUN = the rest, the remainder
나머지는 그냥 다음에 오실 때 주세요. Nameojineun geunyang daeume osil ttae juseyo. Just give me the rest the next time you come.
namgida 남기다 [남다 remain + 기 causative suffix] VERB = leave
메모를 남기시겠어요? Memoreul namgisigesseoyo? Would you like to leave a message?
*namhakssaeng 남학생 /남학쌩/ [男 male + 學 study + 生 people] NOUN = male student (ANT. 여학생)
우리 반에는 남학생이 딱 한 명뿐이야. Uri baneneun namhakssaengi tta kan myeongppuniya. There is only one male student in my class.
namhan 남한 [南 south + 韓 Korea] NOUN = South Korea
남한의 인구는 약 5천만입니다. Namhane inguneun ya go cheonmanimnida. The population of South Korea is approximately 50 million.
NOTE: 남한 is the term South Koreans call their country as opposed to North Korea. In other cases, they just say 우리나라 or 한국 in general.
*namja 남자 [男 male + 子 person] NOUN = man (ANT. 여자)
실례합니다. 남자 화장실이 어디 있습니까? Sillyehamnida. Namja hwajangsiri eodi itsseumnikka? Excuse me, where’s the men’s room?
*namjjok 남쪽 [南 south + 쪽 direction] NOUN = south
그 비행기는 남쪽으로 진로를 바꾸었다. Geu bihaenggineun namjjogeuro jilloreul bakkueottta. The airplane changed its course southward.
nammae 남매 [男 man + 妹 sister] NOUN = brother and sister
저는 3남매 중 둘째로 태어났어요. Jeoneun sam nammae jung duljjaero taeeonasseoyo. I was born as the second of three children.
*namnyeo 남녀 [男 man + 女 woman] NOUN = a man and a woman
남녀 모두 참가할 수 있어요. Namnyeo modu chamgahal ssu isseoyo. Participation is open to either sex.
*nampyeon 남편 [男 male + 便 side → the male side of a married couple] NOUN = husband (ANT. 아내)
남편하고 먼저 얘기해 볼게요. Nampyeonhago meonjeo yaegihae bolkkeyo. Let me discuss it with my husband first.
namseong 남성 [男 male + 性 gender] NOUN = man, male (ANT. 여성)
일반적으로 여성이 남성보다 수명이 길다. Ilbanjeogeuro yeoseongi namseongboda sumyeongi gilda. Generally speaking, a female has a longer lifespan than a male.
namtta 남다 /남따/ VERB = remain, be left
죄송하지만 남은 표가 하나도 없어요. Joesonghajiman nameun pyoga hanado eopsseoyo. I’m so sorry but there aren’t any tickets left.
*namu 나무 NOUN = tree, wood
나무의 나이는 어떻게 알 수 있지? Namue naineun eotteoke al ssu itjji? How can we know the age of a tree?
namukkaji 나뭇가지 /나무까지/ [나무 tree + ㅅ infix + 가지 branch] NOUN = tree branch (SYN. 가지1)
내가 나뭇가지를 모아 올 테니까 너는 구멍을 파. Naega namukkajireul moa ol tenikka neoneun gumeongeul pa. Dig a hole while I gather some sticks.
namul 나물 NOUN = herbs
어머니는 산에 나물 뜯으러 가셨어요. Eomeonineun sane namul tteudeureo gasyeosseoyo. My mother went to pick herbs in the mountain.
namunnip 나뭇잎 /나문닙/ [나무 tree + ㅅ infix + 잎 leaf] NOUN = leaf, foliage
나뭇잎 색깔이 바뀌기 시작했어요. Namunnip ssaekkkari bakkwigi sijakaesseoyo. The leaves are starting to change colors.
nanbang 난방 [暖 warm + 房 room → the process of making a room warmer] NOUN = heating (ANT. 냉방)
제 방은 난방이 잘 안 돼요. Je bangeun nanbangi jal an dwaeyo. My room has a bad heating system.
nangbi(hada) 낭비(하다) [浪 unrestrained + 費 expend] NOUN = waste, dissipation
시간 낭비하지 말자. Sigan nangbihaji malja. Let’s not waste time.
nanniktta 낯익다 /난닉따/ [낯 face + 익다 familiar] ADJECTIVE = familiar (ANT. 낯설다)
낯익은 풍경이 눈에 들어왔다. Nannigeun punggyeongi nune deureowattta. A familiar sight came into view.
nanuda 나누다 VERB
1 = divide, split
나눠서 계산하자. Nanwoseo gyesanhaja. Let’s split the bill.
2 = share
다른 사람들과 기쁨을 나누면 기쁨은 두 배가 된다. Dareun saramdeulgwa gippeumeul nanumyeon gippeumeun du baega doenda. When you share your joy with others, it doubles.
nanueojida 나누어지다 [나누어 divide (from 나누다) + 지다 become] VERB = be divided
한국의 학년은 2학기로 나누어진다. Hanguge hangnyeoneun i hakkkiro nanueojinda. An academic year in Korea has two semesters.
nanwida 나뉘다 = 나누어지다 nanueojida
*naoda 나오다 VERB
1 = come out
어제는 하루 종일 방에서 나오지 않았어요. Eojeneun haru jongil bangeseo naoji anasseoyo. I didn’t come out of my room all day yesterday
2 = finish
저는 대학교를 나오지 않았어요. Jeoneun daehakkkyoreul naoji anasseoyo. I didn’t graduate college.
3 = quit
저는 제 사업을 하고 싶어서 회사를 나왔어요. Jeoneun je saeobeul hago sipeoseo hoesareul nawasseoyo. I left the company to start my own business.
*nappeuda 나쁘다 ADJECTIVE = bad, poor, wrong (ANT. 좋다 1)
저는 기억력이 나빠요. Jeoneun gieongnyeogi nappayo. I have a bad memory.
naptteuk(ada) 납득(하다) /납뜩, 납뜨카다/ [納 accept + 得 get] I NOUN = understanding II VERB = accept, understand
네가 나라면 납득할 수 있겠니? Nega naramyeon naptteukal ssu itkkenni? If you were in my place, would you understand this?
*nara 나라 NOUN = nation, country (SYN. 국가)
어느 나라에 가 보고 싶어요? Eoneu narae ga bogo sipeoyo? Which country do you want to visit?
naradanida 날아다니다 /나라다니다/ [날아 fly (from 날다) + 다니다 go] VERB = fly around
파리가 방 안을 날아다니고 있어요. Pariga bang aneul naradanigo isseoyo. Flies are buzzing around in the room.
naragada 날아가다 /나라가다/ [날아 fly (from 날다) + 가다 go] VERB
1 = fly away
꽉 막힌 차들 위로 날아갔으면 좋겠어요. Kkwang makin chadeul wiro naragasseumyeon jokesseoyo. I wish I could fly over this traffic jam.
2 = be gone
컴퓨터 안에 있던 파일들이 모두 날아갔어 요. Keompyuteo ane ittteon paildeuri modu naragasseoyo. I lost all the files in the computer.
naranhi 나란히 ADVERB = side by side
여기에 두 줄로 나란히 서세요. Yeogie du jullo naranhi seoseyo. Stand in two lines here.
naraoda 날아오다 /나라오다/ [날아 fly (from 날다) + 오다 come] VERB = fly over
저는 날아오는 공을 간신히 피했어요. Jeoneun naraoneun gongeul gansinhi pihaesseoyo. I narrowly avoided a ball flying my way.
nareuda 나르다 VERB = carry, transport (SYN. 운 반하다)
이삿짐 나르고 있어. Isajjim nareugo isseo. I’m moving my things to move.
nareum 나름 NOUN = one’s own way
사람들은 모두 나름대로의 장점이 있어요. Saramdeureun modu nareumdaeroe jangjjeomi isseoyo. Everyone has his own merit.
naseoda 나서다 VERB
1 = leave, set off
아침에 집을 좀 더 일찍 나서도록 노력해라. Achime jibeul jom deo iljjing naseodorok noryeokaera. You should try to leave your house earlier in the morning.
2 = meddle in
남의 일에 괜히 나서지 마라. Name ire gwaenhi naseoji mara. Don’t poke your nose into other people’s business.
*nat 낮 /낟/ NOUN = day, daytime (ANT. 밤1)
낮에는 주로 뭘 하세요? Najeneun juro mwol haseyo? What do you usually do during the day?
nata 낳다 /나타/ VERB = give birth to, bear
언니가 어제 아기를 낳았어요. Eonniga eoje agireul naasseoyo. My sister had a baby yesterday.
natanada 나타나다 VERB = appear
언제 이런 증상이 처음 나타났나요? Eonje ireon jeungsangi cheoeum natanannayo? When did these symptoms first appear?
natanaeda 나타내다 VERB = show, express
그 사람은 감정을 겉으로 나타내지 않아요. Geu sarameun gamjeongeul geoteuro natanaeji anayo. He doesn’t show his emotions.
natchuda 낮추다 /낟추다/ [낮다 low + 추 causative suffix] VERB = lower, reduce (ANT. 높이다)
TV 소리 좀 낮춰 줄래? Tibeui sori jom natchwo jullae? Could you turn down the TV?
natsseolda 낯설다 /낟썰다/ [낯 face + 설다 unfamiliar] ADJECTIVE = unfamiliar (ANT. 낯익다)
낯선 사람을 조심해야 돼. Natsseon sarameul josimhaeya dwae. You must beware of strangers.
nattta 낫다1 /낟따/ VERB = be cured, recover from
감기가 다 나을 때까지는 외출하지 마세요. Gamgiga da naeul ttaekkajineun oechulhaji maseyo. Don’t go out until you’ve completely recovered from your cold.
nattta 낫다2 /낟따/ ADJECTIVE = better, superior
어제보다는 훨씬 낫지만 아직도 아파요. Eojebodaneun hwolssin natjjiman ajiktto apayo. Much better than yesterday, but still it’s aching.
*nattta 낮다 /낟따/ ADJECTIVE= low (ANT. 높다)
이 의자는 저한테 너무 낮아요. I uijaneun jeohante neomu najayo. This chair is too low for me.
오늘은 기온이 어제보다 낮아요. Oneureun gioni eojeboda najayo. Today, the temperature is lower than yesterday.
*nda ㄴ다 ENDING = declarative ending of verbs
제주도에는 눈이 잘 안 온다. Jejudoeneun nuni jal a nonda. It rarely snows in Jeju Island.
NOTE: See the note on 는다 neunda.
*nde ㄴ데 ENDING = and, but, so
여기는 추운데 그곳 날씨는 어때요? Yeogineun chuunde geugot nalssineun eottaeyo? It’s cold here, how’s the weather there?
NOTE: ㄴ데/은데 is attached to the stem of adjectives and links two clauses. Adjectives whose stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ will take ㄴ데 as the ending, while those whose stem ends in any consonant but ㄹ will take 은데.
*ne 네1 DETERMINER = four
우리는 한 달에 네 번 모입니다. Urineun han dare ne beon moimnida. We gather four times a month.
*ne 네2 INTERJECTION
1 = yes (honorific of 응, 어1 2)
어제 학교 갔었니? - 네. Eoje hakkkyo gasseonni? - Ne. Did you go to school yesterday? - Yes.
2 = pardon (me)?
어제 학교 갔었니? -네? Eoje hakkkyo gasseonni?- Ne? Did you go to school yesterday? - Pardon me?
ne 네3 PRONOUN = you
이게 네가 원하는 거니? Ige nega wonhaneun geoni? Is this what you want?
NOTE: When 너 combines with the particle - 가, it turns into 네 and results in 네가. But it’s hard to tell the difference between the pronuciation of 네가 and 내가. So many people actually tend to pronounce 네가 as / 니가 niga /.
*ne 네4 = shortened form of 너의
네 말이 맞는 것 같아. Ne mari manneun geot gata. I think you’re right.
NOTE: It is hard to tell the difference between the pronunciation of 네 (your) and 내 (my). So people actually tend to pronounce 네 as / 니 ni /.
ne 네5 ENDING = exclamatory ending
집이 참 예쁘네요. Jibi cham nyeppeuneyo. Your house looks lovely.
NOTE: 네 is used when you’re impressed with something you just got to know. The particle 요 can be added to it in order to express politeness.
*nektai 넥타이 [from English necktie] NOUN = necktie, tie
아빠 넥타이 매는 거 좀 도와줄래? Appa nektai maeneun geo jom dowajullae? Do you want to help Daddy put on a tie?
*neo 너 PRONOUN = you
너 이제 그만 마시는 게 좋겠어. Neo ije geuman masineun ge jokesseo. You’d better stop drinking.
NOTE: 너 is the plain word for you. It is usually used among close friends. When it combines with the particle - 가, it turns into 네 and results in 네가.
neohi 너희 /너히/ PRONOUN = you
너희 둘은 왜 헤어졌어? Neohi dureun wae heeojeosseo? Why did you two break up?
neok 넉 DETERMINER = four
머리를 자른 지 넉 달이 넘었어요. Meorireul jareun ji neok ttari neomeosseoyo. It’s been over four months since I got my hair cut.
NOTE: 석 or 넉 is used only in the context of months, e.g., 석 달 (three months), 넉 달 (four months). Of course, you can also say 세 달, 네 달.
neolbi 넓이 /널비/ [넓 large (from 넓다) + 이 nominal suffix] NOUN = area, extent (SYN. 면적)
이 방은 넓이가 얼마나 되나요? I bangeun neolbiga eolmana doenayo? How big is this room?
neolli 널리 ADVERB = widely, extensively
옛날에는 된장이 약으로도 널리 쓰였어요. Yennareneun doenjangi yageurodo neolli sseuyeosseoyo. In the past, soybean paste was widely used as a medicine.
neolpida 넓히다 /널피다/ [넓다 large + 히 causative suffix] VERB = widen, expand
그림 사이의 간격을 좀 더 넓혀 보세요. Geurim saie gangyeogeul jom deo neolpyeo boseyo. Try having more space between the pictures.
*neoltta 넓다 /널따/ ADJECTIVE = large, extensive, big (ANT. 좁다)
좀 더 넓은 집으로 이사 갔으면 좋겠어요. Jom deo neolbeun jibeuro isa gasseumyeon joke-sseoyo. I wish I could move to a larger house.
neomchida 넘치다 VERB = overflow, brim over
국이 끓어 넘치고 있어요. Gugi kkeureo neomchigo isseoyo. The soup is boiling over.
neomeo 너머 NOUN = beyond, the other side
그들은 담 너머로 그 여자를 몰래 보았다. Geudeureun dam neomeoro geu yeojareul mollae boattta. They peeped at her through the fence.
neomeogada 넘어가다 /너머가다/ [넘어 pass (from 넘다) + 가다 go] VERB
1 = cross, pass (SYN. 넘다)
이 언덕을 넘어가면 우리 집이 나와. I eondeogeul neomeogamyeon uri jibi nawa. You can see my house after you climb over this hill.
2 = move on
다음 주제로 넘어가자. Daeum jujero neomeogaja. Let’s move on to the next topic.
neomeojida 넘어지다 /너머지다/ VERB = fall, trip
돌에 걸려 넘어져서 다쳤어. Dore geollyeo neomeojeoseo dacheosseo. I tripped over a stone and hurt myself.
neomeooda 넘어오다 /너머오다/ [넘어 pass (from 넘다) + 오다 come] VERB
1 = come, cross
저희는 어제 그 산을 넘어왔어요. Jeohineun eoje geu saneul neomeowasseoyo. We came across the mountain yesterday.
2 = be handed over
새 업무가 우리 부서로 넘어왔어요. Sae eommuga uri buseoro neomeowasseoyo. A new task has been turned over to our department.
neomeotteurida 넘어뜨리다 /너머뜨리다/ VERB = knock down, floor
아기가 컵을 넘어뜨려서 물이 쏟아졌다. Agiga keobeul neomeotteuryeoseo muri ssodajeottta. The baby knocked his cup over and spilled the water.
neomgida 넘기다 [넘다 pass + 기 causative suffix] VERB = pass (over), turn (over)
이 자료들을 뒤로 넘기세요. I jaryodeureul dwiro neomgiseyo. Pass these handouts to the back.
페이지를 넘기세요. Peijireul neomgiseyo. Turn over the page.
neomtta 넘다 /넘따/ VERB = cross, pass
선을 넘지 마라. Seoneul neomjji mara. Don’t cross the line.
벌써 6시가 넘었어요. Beolsseo yeoseot ssiga neomeosseoyo. It’s already past six.
*neomu 너무 ADVERB
1 = too
너는 사람을 너무 잘 믿어. Neoneun sarameul neomu jal mideo. You trust people too easily.
2 = so
당신이 너무 보고 싶어요. Dangsini neomu bogo sipeoyo. I miss you so much.
neomuna 너무나 = 너무 neomu
neongneokada 넉넉하다 /넝너카다/ ADJECTIVE = enough, sufficient (SYN. 충분하다)
걱정하지 마. 돈은 넉넉해. Geokjjeonghaji ma. Doneun neongneokae. Don’t worry. We have enough money.
*neota 넣다 /너타/ VERB = put (sth in)
주머니에 손을 넣지 마라. Jumeonie soneul neochi mara. Don’t put your hand in your pocket.
*net 넷 /넫/ NUMERAL = four
그 집은 아이가 넷이에요. Geu jibeun aiga nesieyo. They have four children.
NOTE: Note that 넷 takes on an altered form, 네, to modify a noun. See 네1 ne.
*netjjae 넷째 /넫째/ [넷 four + 째 order] NUMERAL = fourth
매달 둘째와 넷째 주 토요일에는 학교에 안 가요. Maedal duljjaewa netjjae ju toyoireneun hakkkyoe an gayo. We don’t go to school on the second and fourth Saturday of every month.
neujeojida 늦어지다 /느저지다/ [늦어 late (from 늦다) + 지다 become] VERB = be behind, be delayed
일정이 늦어지고 있어요. Iljjeongi neujeojigo isseoyo. We’re behind schedule.
neukkida 느끼다 VERB = feel
빨리 뛰면 가끔 허리에 심한 통증을 느껴요. Ppalli ttwimyeon gakkeum heorie simhan tongjjeungeul neukkyeoyo. Sometimes I feel a sharp pain in my back when I run fast.
neukkim 느낌 [느끼 feel (from 느끼다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = feeling
뭔가 빠진 듯한 느낌이에요. Mwonga ppajin deutan neukkimieyo. I feel like something is missing.
neuktta 늙다 /늑따/ VERB = get old
그 사람은 나이보다 늙어 보여요. Geu sarameun naiboda neulgeo boyeoyo. He looks old for his age.
neukttae 늑대 /늑때/ NOUN = wolf
남자들은 모두 늑대야. Namjadeureun modu neukttaeya. All men are wolves.
neul 늘 ADVERB = always (SYN. 언제나, 항상)
늘 보던 곳에서 보자. Neul bodeon goseseo boja. Let’s meet at the usual place.
neulda 늘다 VERB
1 = increase (ANT. 줄다)
일주일 사이에 몸무게가 5킬로나 늘었어요. Iljjuil saie mommugega o killona neureosseoyo. I’ve gained as much as five kilos over a week.
2 = improve
아무리 해도 영어가 늘지를 않아요. Amuri haedo yeongeoga neuljireul anayo. My English doesn’t improve at all no matter how hard I try.
neullida 늘리다 [늘다 increase + 리 causative suffix] VERB
1 = expand, increase (ANT. 줄이다)
어떻게 하면 수입을 두 배로 늘릴 수 있을까요? Eotteoke hamyeon suibeul du baero neullil ssu isseulkkayo? How can we double our income?
2 = improve
중국어 실력을 늘리고 싶어요. Junggugeo sillyeogeul neulligo sipeoyo. I want to improve my Chinese.
*neun 는1 PARTICLE
1 = topic particle
편지는“미안합니다”로 시작했다. Pyeonjineun mianhamnidaro sijakaettta. The letter began with “Sorry.”
2 = contrast particle
저는 사과는 좋아하는데 배는 별로예요. Jeoneun sagwaneun joahaneunde baeneun byeolloyeyo. I like apples, but not pears much.
NOTE: A noun with a vowel ending combines with 는, while a noun with a consonant ending combines with 은.
*neun 는2 ENDING = processive modifier
한국어를 배우는 사람이 늘고 있다. Hangugeoreul baeuneun sarami neulgo ittta. The number of people who learn Korean is increasing.
NOTE: 는 is attached to the stem of verbs to function as a present modifier for the following noun. As for the stem of verbs ending in ㄹ, the ㄹ is dropped before it is combined with 는.
*neunda 는다 ENDING = declarative ending of verbs
나는 점심시간을 이용해 신문을 읽는다. Naneun jeomsimsiganeul iyonghae sinmuneul ingneunda. I use my lunch time to read newpaper.
NOTE: ㄴ다/는다 is attached to the stem of verbs and functions as a present declarative ending. Verbs whose stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ will take ㄴ다 as the ending, while those whose stem ends in any consonant but ㄹ will take 는다.
*neunde 는데 ENDING = and, but, so
비가 많이 오는데, 꼭 나가야 해요? Biga mani oneunde, kkong nagaya haeyo? It’s pouring. Do you still have to go?
NOTE: 는데 is attached to the stem of verbs and the word 없다 in order to link two clauses.
neungdongjeok 능동적 [能 able + 動 move + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = active (ANT. 수동적)
나는 네가 이 모임에 좀 더 능동적으로 참여했으면 좋겠어. Naneun nega i moime jom deo neungdongjeogeuro chamyeohaesseumyeon jokesseo. I want you to take a more active part in this meeting.
neungnyeok 능력 /능녁/ [能 able + 力 strength] NOUN = ability
그 사람은 능력 있고 성실한 사람이에요. Geu sarameun neungnyeok itkko seongsilhan saramieyo. He is an able and diligent person.
neureonada 늘어나다 /느러나다/ VERB
1 = stretch
제발 늘어난 티셔츠 좀 그만 입어. Jebal reureonan tisyeocheu jom geuman ibeo. Please stop wearing stretched T-shirts.
2 = grow, increase (SYN. 늘다 1, 증가하다; ANT. 줄어들다)
요즘 감기 환자가 늘어나고 있어요. Yojeum gamgi hwanjaga neureonago isseoyo. Cold patients are on the increase these days.
neureonota 늘어놓다 /느러노타/ VERB
1 = spread, scatter
네가 늘어놓은 장난감 언제 치울 거니? Nega neureonoeun jangnankkam eonje chiul geoni? When will you put away the toys you scattered?
2 = talk away, rattle off
너는 늘 변명을 늘어놓는구나. Neoneun neul byeonmyeongeul neureononneunguna. You’re always making excuses.
neureoseoda 늘어서다 /느러서다/ VERB = line up
월요일 아침에는 늘 사람들이 여기에 늘어섭니다. Woryoil achimeneun neul saramdeuri yeogie neureoseomnida. Many people are always lined up here on Monday mornings.
neurida 느리다 ADJECTIVE = slow (ANT. 빠르다)
이 컴퓨터 정말 느려요! I keompyuteo jeongmal reuryeoyo! This computer is so slow!
neutkkaeul 늦가을 /늗까을/ [늦 late (from 늦다) + 가을 fall] NOUN = late fall
늦가을이 되면 마음이 쓸쓸해져요. Neutkkaeuri doemyeon maeumi sseulsseulhaejeoyo. I feel lonely in late fall.
*neuttta 늦다 /늗따/ I VERB = be late
늦어서 죄송합니다. Neujeoseo joesonghamnida. Sorry I’m late.
II ADJECTIVE = late
아직 많이 늦지는 않았어요. Ajik mani neutjjineun anasseoyo. It’ still not too late.
ni 니1 = 니까 nikka
ni 니2 ENDING = inquisitive ending
밥 먹다 말고 어디 가니? Bap meoktta malgo eodi gani? Where are you going in the middle of dinner?
NOTE: If you use the ending 니 instead of 아/어/여 or 냐 when asking a question, it delivers a somewhat softer, more tender tone to the listener.
nikka 니까 ENDING = since, and so
밖이 추우니까 옷을 따뜻하게 입어라. Bakki chuunikka oseul ttatteutage ibeora. It’s cold outside, so make sure to dress warm.
NOTE: 니까/으니까 is attached to the stem of verbs/adjectives. The stem of verbs/adjectives ending in a vowel or ㄹ will take 니까 as the ending, while the verbs/adjectives ending in any consonant but ㄹ will take 으니까 as the ending.
nim 님 SUFFIX = sir
요즘에는 자기 부모님이나 선생님을 존경하지 않는 아이들이 많아요. Yojeumeneun jagi bumonimina seonsaengnimeul jongyeonghaji anneu naideuri manayo. These days many children don’t respect their parents and teachers.
noaduda 놓아두다 /노아두다/ [놓아 put (from 놓다) + 두다 keep] VERB = leave
그대로 놓아두세요. Geudaero noaduseyo. Please leave them as they are.
nodong 노동 [勞 work + 動 move] NOUN = labor, work
농촌의 노동 인구가 점점 줄고 있어요. Nongchone nodong inguga jeomjeom julgo isseoyo. The workforce is shrinking in rural areas.
nodongja 노동자 [勞 work + 動 move + 者 person] NOUN = worker, laborer (SYN. 근로자)
아직도 많은 외국인 노동자들이 직장에서 차별을 받고 있다. Ajiktto maneu noegugin nodongjadeuri jikjjangeseo chabyeoreul batkko ittta. Many foreign workers are still being discriminated against at work.
noe 뇌 [腦 brain] NOUN = brain
그는 사고로 뇌를 다쳤다. Geuneun sagoro noereul dacheottta. He suffered brain damage in the accident.
nogeum(hada) 녹음(하다) /노금(하다)/ [錄 record + 音 sound] I NOUN = recording (of sound) II VERB = record
선생님 강의 좀 녹음해도 되겠습니까? Seonsaengnim gangi jom nogeumhaedo doegetsseumnikka? Teacher, may I tape-record your lecture?
nogida 녹이다 /노기다/ [녹다 melt + 이 causative suffix] VERB = melt, thaw
먼저 버터를 녹이세요. Meonjeo beoteoreul nogiseyo. Melt the butter first.
noida 놓이다 /노이다/ [놓다 put + 이 passive suffix] VERB
1 = be laid, be put
수화기가 제대로 놓여 있는지 확인해 봐. Suhwagiga jedaero noyeo inneunji hwaginhae bwa. Make sure that the receiver is on the hook.
2 = feel relieved
퇴원하셨다니 마음이 놓이네요. Toewonhasyeotttani maeumi noineyo. I’m relieved to hear that you’re out of hospital.
noin 노인 [老 old + 人 people] NOUN = senior citizen
한국의 지하철에는 노인들을 위한 자리가 따로 있습니다. Hanguge jihacheoreneun noindeureul wihan jariga ttaro itsseumnida. Korean subway has separate seats for the elderly.
nokcha 녹차 [綠 green + 茶 tea] NOUN = green tea
나는 저녁을 먹고 나서 항상 녹차를 마셔. Naneun jeonyeogeul meokkko naseo hangsang nokchareul masyeo. I always have green tea after dinner.
nokssaek 녹색 /녹쌕/ [綠 green + 色 color] NOUN = green
녹색은 눈의 피로를 풀어주는 데 도움이 된다. Nokssaegeun nune piroreul pureojuneun de doumi doenda. Green helps relieve the fatigue of your eyes.
noktta 녹다 /녹따/ VERB = melt, thaw
얼음이 녹기 전에 마셔. Eoreumi nokkki jeone masyeo. Drink before the ice melts.
nokwa(hada) 녹화(하다) /노콰(하다)/ [錄 record + 畵 picture] I NOUN = recording (of images)
II VERB = record, videotape
텔레비전 프로그램 녹화 좀 해 줄래? Tellebijeon peurogeuraem nokwa jom hae jullae? Could you record a TV program for me?
*nolda 놀다 VERB = play, hang out with
친구 집에 가서 놀아도 돼요? Chingu jibe gaseo norado dwaeyo? Is it okay if I go play at my friend’s house?
저런 애들하고 놀지 마라. Jeoreo naedeulhago nolji mara. Don’t hang out with kids like that.
*nollada 놀라다 VERB = be surprised
그 사람을 보면 놀랄 거야. Geu sarameul bomyeon nollal kkeoya. You’ll be surprised when you see him.
nollaptta 놀랍다 /놀랍따/ ADJECTIVE = surprising, amazing
이렇게 지하철에서 우연히 만나다니 정말 놀라워! Ireoke jihacheoreseo uyeonhi mannadani jeongmal rollawo! What a surprise running into each other on the subway!
nolli 논리 /놀리/ [論 argue + 理 reason] NOUN = logic, reasoning
네 말은 논리에 맞지 않아. Ne mareun nollie matjji ana. What you are saying is illogical.
nollida 놀리다 VERB = tease, make fun of
왜 나를 계속 놀리는 거예요? Wae nareul gyesong nollineun geoyeyo? Why do you keep teasing me?
nollijeok 논리적 /놀리적/ [論 argue + 理 reason + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = logical
네 주장의 논리적 근거가 뭐야? Ne jujange nollijeok geungeoga mwoya? What’s the logical basis for your argument?
nom 놈 NOUN = [informal] guy, jerk
바보 같은 놈아! Babo gateun noma! What a jackass!
non 논 NOUN= rice muddy
논에 벼를 심다 none byeoreul simtta plant rice in the paddy field
nongchon 농촌 [農 agriculture + 村 village → village where people do agricultural work] NOUN = farm village
농촌 지역에는 의사들이 부족해요. Nongchon jiyeogeneun uisadeuri bujokaeyo. There is a lack of doctors in rural areas.
nongdam(hada) 농담(하다) [弄 joke + 談 talk] I NOUN = joke II VERB = joke, kid
농담하는 거지? Nongdamhaneun geoji? Are you kidding me?
nongeop 농업 [農 agriculture + 業 work] NOUN = agriculture, farming industry
농업 인구가 점차 감소하고 있습니다. Nongeo binguga jeomcha gamsohago itsseumnida. The farming population is gradually decreasing.
nonggu 농구 [籠 bamboo basket + 球 ball → game that players put the ball into the basket of the opponent] NOUN = basketball
네가 농구 팬인 줄은 몰랐는데. Nega nonggu paenin jureun mollanneunde. I didn’t know you were a basketball fan.
nongjang 농장 [農 agriculture + 場 place → place for agriculture] NOUN = farm
저는 시골에 농장이 있습니다. Jeoneun sigore nongjangi itsseumnida. I have a farm in the country.
nongmin 농민 [農 agriculture + 民 people → agricultural workers] NOUN = farmer, peasant
해마다 이때쯤에 농민들은 아주 바빠요. Haemada ittaejjeume nongmindeureun aju bappayo. Farmers are very busy at this time of the year.
nongsa 농사 [農 agriculture + 事 work → agricultural work] NOUN = farming
올해는 가뭄으로 농사를 망쳤어요. Olhaeneun gamumeuro nongsareul mangcheosseoyo. The crops failed this year because of a drought.
nongsail 농사일 [農 agriculture + 事 work + 일 work] NOUN = farm work
저는 아직 농사일이 서툴러요. Jeoneun ajik nongsairi seotulleoyo. I’m still unaccustomed to farming.
nongsajittta 농사짓다 /농사짇따/ [農 agriculture + 事 work + 짓다 make] VERB = farm
그 땅은 농사짓기에 적합하지 않아요. Geu ttangeun nongsajitkkie jeokapaji anayo. The land is not good for farming.
nongsanmul 농산물 [農 agriculture + 産 produce + 物 thing → things produced by agricultural work] NOUN = farm produce
농산물 가격이 많이 떨어졌어요. Nongsanmul gagyeogi mani tteoreojeosseoyo. The prices of farm produce have gone down a lot.
nonhada 논하다 [論 argue + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = discuss, argue, comment
이 문제는 논할 가치도 없어. I munjeneun nonhal kkachido eopsseo. This matter is not worth talking about.
noni(hada) 논의(하다) /노니(하다)/ [論 argue + 議 discuss] I NOUN = discussion II VERB = discuss
그 문제는 지금 논의 중이에요. Geu munjeneun jigeum noni jungieyo. The matter is under discussion.
nonmun 논문 [論 argue + 文 writing → the writing that argues about something] NOUN = thesis, dissertation
졸업 논문의 주제가 무엇입니까? Joreom nonmune jujega mueosimnikka? What is your graduation thesis on?
nopi 높이1 /노피/ [높 high (from 높다) + 이 nominal suffix] NOUN = height
이 빌딩 높이가 얼마나 되죠? I bilding nopiga eolmana doejyo? How high is this building?
nopi 높이2 /노피/ [높 high (from 높다) + 이 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = high
손을 높이 드세요. Soneul nopi deuseyo. Hold your hands up high.
nopida 높이다 /노피다/ [높다 high + 이 causative suffix] VERB = make sth higher, increase (ANT. 낮추다)
볼륨을 좀 높여 주세요. Bollyumeul jom nopyeo juseyo. Turn the volume up a little.
*noptta 높다 /놉따/ ADJECTIVE = high (ANT. 낮다)
나는 높은 곳이 무서워. Naneun nopeun gosi museowo. I’m scared of high places.
우리 누나는 눈이 너무 높아서 시집을 못 갈 거야. Uri nunaneun nuni neomu nopaseo sijibeul mot kkal kkeoya. I don’t think my sister’s ever getting married because she’s too picky.
*norae(hada) 노래(하다) I NOUN = song II VERB = sing
저 노래 잘 못해요. Jeo norae jal motaeyo. I can’t sing well.
noraebang 노래방 [노래 song + 房 house] NOUN = karaoke
어제 퇴근 후에 아내랑 노래방에 갔어요. Eoje toegeun hue anaerang noraebange gasseoyo. I went to a karaoke with my wife after work yesterday.
*noransaek 노란색 [노란 yellow (from 노랗다)+ 色 color] NOUN = yellow
노란색 펜이 필요해요. Noransaek peni piryohaeyo. I need a yellow pen.
norata 노랗다 /노라타/ ADJECTIVE = yellow
노란 우산 nora nusan a yellow umbrella
nori 놀이 /노리/ [놀 play (from 놀다) + 이 nominal suffix] NOUN = play, game
한국의 전통 놀이에는 뭐가 있나요? Hanguge jeontong norieneun mwoga innayo? What traditional Korean games are there?
noriteo 놀이터 /노리터/ [놀이 play + 터 place] NOUN = playground
오늘은 놀이터에 애들이 정말 많네. Oneureun noriteoe aedeuri jeongmal manne. There are so many kids at the playground today.
noryeok(ada) 노력(하다) [努 endeavor + 力 strength] I NOUN = effort, endeavor II VERB = try, endeavor (SYN. 애쓰다)
저는 가능하면 많은 책을 읽으려고 노력하고 있어요. Jeoneun ganeunghamyeon maneun chaegeul ilgeuryeogo noryeokago isseoyo. I’m trying to read as many books as possible.
noseon 노선 [路 road + 線 line] NOUN = route, line
서울의 지하철 노선은 꽤 복잡해요. Seoure jihacheol roseoneun kkwae bokjjapaeyo. The subway lines in Seoul are quite complicated.
*nota 놓다1 /노타/ VERB
1 = lay, put (SYN. 두다1)
이 상자 어디에 놓을까요? I sangja eodie noeulkkayo? Where do I put this box?
2 = release, let go
이 손 놔! I son nwa! Let go of my hand!
*nota 놓다2 /노타/ AUXILIARY VERB = get it done, keep (SYN. 두다2)
그러면 예약을 해 놓는 편이 좋겠네요. Geureomyeon yeyageul hae nonneun pyeoni jokenneyo. We’d better make a reservation then.
문 열어 놓으면 모기가 들어올 거야. Mun yeoreo noeumyeon mogiga deureool kkeoya. Mosquitoes will come in if you keep the window open.
NOTE: The auxiliary verb 놓다 appears as - 아/어/여 놓다 after a verb. It indicates completing a certain action and maintaining it. This action is usually an act of preparation for something. 놓다 is interchangeable with 두다.
notchida 놓치다 /녿치다/ VERB = miss
차를 놓쳐서 늦었어요. Chareul nocheoseo neujeosseoyo. I’m late because I missed the bus/ train/subway.
*noteu(hada) 노트(하다) [from English note] I NOUN = notebook (SYN. 공책)
강의 노트 좀 빌려 줄래? Gangi noteu jom billyeo jullae? Can I borrow your lecture notes?
II NOUN = notes; VERB = take notes, note down
노트한 것 좀 보여 줄래? Noteuhan geot jom boyeo jullae? Can I see your notes?
NOTE: 공책 and 노트 are basically the same thing. But for some reason, elementary school students prefer to use the word 공책, and high school and college students are likely to say 노트.
noteubuk 노트북 [from English notebook] NOUN = laptop
나는 여행할 때 꼭 노트북을 들고 다닌다. Naneun yeohaenghal ttae kkok noteubugeul deulgo daninda. I always take a laptop with me on my trip.
*nuga 누가 = shortened form of 누구가
누가 왔는지 나가 봐. Nuga wanneunji naga bwa. Go and see who it is.
*nugu 누구 PRONOUN
1 = who
누구 말하는 거니? Nugu malhaneun geoni? Who are you talking about?
2 = somebody, anybody
거기 누구 있어요? Geogi nugu isseoyo? Is anybody there?
*nun 눈1 NOUN = eye
눈에 뭔가 들어간 느낌이에요. Nune mwonga deureogan neukkimieyo. It feels like I have something in my eye.
IDIOMS
nun kkamjjakal ssai 눈 깜짝할 사이 = in the blink of an eye
모든 게 눈 깜짝할 사이에 일어났어요. Modeun ge nun kkamjjakal ssaie ireonasseoyo. It all happened so fast!
nundo kkamjjak an hada 눈도 깜짝 안 하다 = do not blink an eye
어떻게 눈도 깜짝 안 하고 거짓말을 할 수가 있어? Eotteoke nundo kkamjjak an hago geojinmareul hal ssuga isseo? How could you lie so blatantly without batting an eyelid?
nun bakke nada 눈 밖에 나다 = get on someone’s wrong side, be out of favor
지각을 자주 해서 선생님 눈 밖에 났어요. Jigageul jaju haeseo seonsaengnim nun bakke nasseoyo. I got on the wrong side of my teacher because I was late often.
nune balpida 눈에 밟히다 = can’t get sth/sb out of one’s mind
두고 온 아이들이 자꾸 눈에 밟혀요. Dugo o naideuri jakku nune balpyeoyo. I can’t get out of my mind the kids I left behind.
nune bureul kyeoda 눈에 불을 켜다 = do sth like crazy
눈에 불을 켜고 공부했지만 결국 시험에 떨어졌어요. Nune bureul kyeogo gongbuhaetjjiman gyeolguk siheome tteoreojeosseoyo. I studied like crazy but in the end, I failed the exam.
nuneul buchida 눈을 붙이다 = get a wink of sleep
잠깐 눈 좀 붙이지 그러세요? Jamkkan nun jom buchiji geureoseyo? Why don’t you get some shuteye?
nuni noptta 눈(이) 높다 = be picky
그 사람은 여자 보는 눈이 너무 높아. Geu sarameun yeoja boneun nuni neomu nopa. He is picky about women.
nuni meolda 눈(이) 멀다 = be blinded by
그 사람은 돈에 눈이 먼 사람이야. Geu sarameun done nuni meon saramiya. He’s blinded by money.
nunko tteul ssaega eoptta 눈코 뜰 새(가) 없다 = be as busy as a bee
지난주에 이사를 해서 눈코 뜰 새 없이 바빴어요. Jinanjue isareul haeseo nunko tteul ssae eopssi bappasseoyo. Last week I moved out, so I was as busy as a bee.
nuni ppajidorok gidarida 눈이 빠지도록 기다리다 = wait for sb eagerly (SYN. 목이 빠지게 기다리다)
왜 이렇게 늦었어? 눈이 빠지도록 기다렸잖아. Wae ireoke neujeosseo? Nuni ppajidorok gidaryeotjjana. Why are you so late? I waited and waited for you.
*nun 눈2 NOUN = snow
지난 밤에 눈이 많이 와서 길이 막혀요. Jinan bame nuni mani waseo giri makyeoyo. The road is blocked because of the heavy snow last night.
*nuna 누나 NOUN = boy’s elder sister
우리 누나 이번 주 토요일에 결혼해. Uri nuna ibeon jju toyoire gyeolhonhae. My sister’s getting married this Saturday.
NOTE: See the note on 형 hyeong.
nunap 눈앞 /누납/ [눈 eye + 앞 front] NOUN = (in) one’s sight
지금 당장 내 눈앞에서 사라져! Jigeum dangjang nae nunapeseo sarajeo! Get out of my sight right away!
nunbusida 눈부시다 [눈 eye + 부시다 dazzling] ADJECTIVE = dazzling, blinding
햇빛이 눈부셔요. Haeppichi nunbusyeoyo. The sunlight is blinding.
nungamtta 눈감다 /눈감따/ [눈 eye + 감다 close → to close one’s eyes not to see something] VERB
1 = overlook
한 번만 눈감아 줘. Han beonman nungama jwo. Please let it pass this once.
2 = die
이제는 마음 편히 눈감을 수 있을 것 같아. Ijeneun maeum pyeonhi nungameul ssu isseul kkeot gata. I think I can die in peace now.
nunkka 눈가 /눈까/ [눈 eye + 가 rim] NOUN = eye rim
저는 웃으면 눈가에 주름이 생겨요. Jeoneun useumyeon nunkkae jureumi saenggyeoyo. I get wrinkles around my eyes when I laugh.
nunkkil 눈길 /눈낄/ [눈 eye + 길 path] NOUN = eyes (SYN. 시선)
다른 여자한테 눈길 주지 마라. Dareun nyeojahante nunkkil juji mara. Don’t make eyes at other girls.
*nunmul 눈물 [눈 eyes + 물 water → water from eyes] NOUN = tear
너무 기뻐서 눈물이 나왔어요. Neomu gippeoseo nunmuri nawasseoyo. I was so glad that I cried.
nunppit 눈빛 /눈삗/ [눈 eye + 빛 light] NOUN = eyes, light in one’s eyes
저는 눈빛만 봐도 아내가 무슨 생각을 하는지 알 수가 있어요. Jeoneun nunppinman bwado anaega museun saenggageul haneunji al ssuga isseoyo. I can tell what my wife is thinking just by looking into her eyes.
nunppyeong 눈병 /눈뼝/ [눈 eye + 病 illness] NOUN = eye disease
수영장에서 눈병이 걸린 것 같아. Suyeongjangeseo nunppyeongi geollin geot gata. I think I got the eye infection from the swimming pool.
nunsseop 눈썹 [눈 eye + 썹] NOUN = eyebrow
그 여자는 눈썹이 짙다. Geu yeojaneun nunsseobi jittta. She has thick eyebrows.
nuntteuda 눈뜨다 [눈 eyes + 뜨다 open → to open one’s eyes after sleeping] VERB = wake up
일어나. 눈떠야 할 시간이야. Ireona. Nuntteoya hal ssiganiya. Wake up. It’s time to get up.
nuptta 눕다 /눕따/ VERB = lie
피곤하면 잠시 누워 있지 그래? Pigonhamyeon jamsi nuwo itjji geurae? Why don’t you lie down for a while if you feel tired?
nureuda 누르다 VERB = press
이 시작 버튼을 누르고 잠시 기다려 봐. I sijak beoteuneul nureugo jamsi gidaryeo bwa. Press this start button and wait a moment.
nwaduda 놔두다 = shortened form of 놓아두다 noaduda
nya 냐 ENDING = inquisitive ending
얘가 네 동생이냐? Yaega ne dongsaenginya? Is this your younger sibling?
nyeo 녀 [女 woman] DEPENDENT NOUN = daughter (ANT. 남1)
저는 2남 1녀 중 막내예요. Jeoneun i nam il ryeo jung mangnaeyeyo. I’m the youngest of two sons and one daughter.
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 녀.
*nyeon 년 [年 year] DEPENDENT NOUN = year
우리가 졸업한 지 벌써 7년이나 됐구나. Uriga joreopan ji beolsseo chil nyeonina dwaetkkuna. It’s been already 7 years since we graduated.
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 년.
nyeondae 년대 [年 year + 代 generation → a number of years that indicate one generation] DEPENDENT NOUN = (certain times of) age, era
이런 옷은 1970년대에 유행했다. Ireo noseun cheongubaekchilssim nyeondaee yuhaenghaettta. Clothes like this were in fashion in the 70s.
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (십, 이십, 삼십, 사십, 오십, …) before 년대.
nyeondo 년도 [年 year + 度 unit → a certain unit of years] DEPENDENT NOUN = year
몇 년도에 졸업했어요? Myeon nyeondoe joreopaesseoyo? What year did you graduate?
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 년도.
nyeonsaeng 년생 [年 year + 生 born] DEPENDENT NOUN = unit of year you were born
저는 1978년생이에요. Jeoneun cheongubaekchilssippal ryeonsaengieyo. I was born in 1978.
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 년생.
nyeoseok 녀석 NOUN = [informal] guy, fellow
저 녀석은 믿을 수가 없어. Jeo nyeoseogeun mideul ssuga eopsseo. I can’t believe that guy.
*nyuseu 뉴스 [from English news] NOUN = news
얼른 와서 이 TV 뉴스 좀 봐. Eolleu nwaseo i tibeui nyuseu jom bwa. Hurry and come watch the news on TV.