*jeonhwabeonho 전화번호 [電 electric + 話 talk + 番 number + 號 number] NOUN = phone number

얼마 전에 전화번호가 바뀌었어요. Eolma jeone jeonhwabeonhoga bakkwieosseoyo. The number has recently changed.

jeonhwagi 전화기 [電 electric + 話 talk + 機 machine] NOUN = telephone set

요즘에는 집 전화기가 없는 집도 많아요. Yojeumeneun jip jeonhwagiga eomneun jiptto manayo. Many people don’t have any landline telephones at home these days.

jeonhwan(hada) 전환 (하다) [轉 roll + 換 exchange] I NOUN = change, switch II VERB = change, switch

기분 전환하러 쇼핑 갈까? Gibun jeonhwanhareo syoping galkka? How about going shopping for a change?

jeonhyeo 전혀 [全 entire + 혀] ADVERB = (not) at all

최근에는 운동을 전혀 안 했어요. Choegeuneneun undongeul jeonhyeo an haesseoyo. I haven’t exercised at all lately.

NOTE: 전혀 is always followed by negative words at the end of the sentence.

jeonja 전자 [電 electricity + 子 thing] NOUN = electron

이 백화점에 전자 제품 매장이 있나요? I baekwajeome jeonja jepum maejangi innayo? Does this department store have an electronics department?

jeonjaeng 전쟁 [戰 fight + 爭 fight] NOUN = war, battle

전쟁 영화는 제 취향이 아니에요. Jeonjaeng nyeonghwaneun je chwihyangi anieyo. War movies are not my cup of tea.

jeonmang 전망 [展 spread + 望 hope] NOUN

1 = view, prospect

전망이 좋은 방이 있나요? Jeonmangi joeun bangi innayo? Is there a room available with a good view?

2 = outlook

내년에도 취업 전망이 어두워요. Naenyeonedo chwieop jjeonmangi eoduwoyo. Employment prospects for next year remain murky.

jeonmun 전문 [專 only + 門 specialty] NOUN = specialty

사람을 상대하는 일은 제 전문이 아니에요. Sarameul sangdaehaneun nireun je jeonmuni anieyo. Dealing with people is not my specialty.

jeonmunga 전문가 [專 only + 門 specialty + 家 skilled person] NOUN = expert, professional

저는 제 분야에서 전문가가 되고 싶습니다. Jeoneun je bunyaeseo jeonmungaga doego sipsseumnida. I want to be a professional in my field.

jeonmunjeok 전문적 [專 only + 門 specialty + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = specialized

이 일을 하려면 전문적인 기술이 필요해요. I ireul haryeomyeon jeonmunjeogin gisuri piryohaeyo. This job requires specialized skills.

jeonnal 전날 [前 before + 날 day] NOUN = the day before

결혼식 전날 밤에 저는 거의 잠을 못 잤어요. Gyeolhonsik jeonnal bame jeoneun geoi jameul mot jjasseoyo. I didn’t get much sleep the night before the wedding.

jeonse 전세 [傳 convey + 貰 rent] NOUN = (key-money) lease

전세 계약이 다음 달이면 끝나요. Jeonse gyeyagi daeum darimyeon kkeunnayo. The lease expires next month.

NOTE: In Korea, there are two options of renting a house: 전세 and 월세. 전세 refers to accommodation for which you first give a large amount of deposit to the landlord, and get it back when you leave the house. 월세 means you pay your landlord on a monthly basis.

jeonseol 전설 [傳 convey + 說 say → a saying that has been conveyed by people over a long period of time] NOUN = legend

차범근은 한국 축구의 살아 있는 전설이다. Chabeomgeuneun hanguk chukkkue sara inneun jeonseorida. Cha Bum-geun is a living legend in Korean soccer.

jeonsi(hada) 전시 (하다) [展 spread + 示 show → the act of spreading articles and showing objects] I NOUN = exhibition II VERB = exhibit, display

현재는 전쟁 사진들이 전시 중입니다. Hyeonjaeneun jeonjaeng sajindeuri jeonsi jungimnida. War photographs are on display at the moment.

jeonsihoe 전시회 [展 spread + 示 show + 會 meeting] NOUN = exhibition

전시회는 내일부터 일주일 동안 열린다. Jeonsihoeneun naeilbuteo iljjuil ttongan yeollinda. The week-long exhibition will open tomorrow.

jeonsijang 전시장 [展 spread + 示 show + 場 place] NOUN = exhibition center, showroom

저희 전시장을 안내해 드리겠습니다. Jeohi jeonsijangeul annaehae deurigetsseumnida. Let me show you around our showroom.

jeontong 전통 [傳 convey + 統 rule → a set of rules conveyed from the past] NOUN = tradition

한국의 전통 놀이에는 뭐가 있어요? Hanguge jeontong norieneun mwoga isseoyo? What are the traditional games in Korea?

jeontongjeok 전통적 [傳 convey + 統 rule + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = traditional

우리나라는 전통적으로 큰아들이 부모님을 모시고 살아요. Urinaraneun jeontongjeogeuro keunadeuri bumonimeul mosigo sarayo. Traditionally, in my country, the oldest son lives with his parents.

*jeonyeok 저녁 NOUN

1 = evening

내일 저녁에 뭐 할 거예요? Naeil jeonyeoge mwo hal kkeoyeyo? What are you doing tomorrow evening?

2 = dinner, supper

오늘 저녁으로 뭘 먹고 싶어요? Oneul jeonyeogeuro mwol meokkko sipeoyo? What do you want for dinner tonight?

jeonyeokttae 저녁때 [저녁 evening + 때 time] NOUN = evening

저녁때까지는 집에 돌아올게요. Jeonyeokttaekkajineun jibe doraolkkeyo. I’ll come home by evening.

jeonyong 전용 /저뇽/ [專 only + 用 use] NOUN = exclusive use

이 차선은 버스 전용 차선입니다. I chaseoneun beoseu jeonyong chaseonimnida. This is a bus-only lane.

jeopada 접하다 /저파다/ [接 adjacent + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = border, adjoin

경기도는 강원도 서쪽에 접해 있다. Gyeonggidoneun gangwondo seojjoge jeopae ittta. Gyeonggi-do is directly west of Gangwon-do.

jeopchok(ada) 접촉 (하다) [接 adjacent + 觸 touch] I NOUN = contact, touch II VERB = make contact, touch

지하철에서의 의도적인 신체 접촉은 범죄가 될 수 있습니다. Jihacheoreseoe uidojeogin sinche jeopchogeun beomjoega doel ssu itsseumnida. An intentional physical contact in the subway can be a crime.

jeopkkeun(hada) 접근 (하다) /접끈 (하다) / [接 adjacent + 近 near] I NOUN = approach II VERB = approach, come close, access

접근 금지 jeopkkeun geumji Off Limits

비밀 번호를 모르면 시스템에 접근할 수가 없어요. Bimil beonhoreul moreumyeon siseuteme jeopkkeunhal ssuga eopsseoyo. The system cannot be accessed without the right password.

jeopssi 접시 /접씨/ NOUN = dish, plate

여기 접시 좀 치워 주시겠어요? Yeogi jeopssi jom chiwo jusigesseoyo? Would you put the dishes here away?

jeoptta 접다 /접따/ VERB = fold (ANT. 펴다)

우선 종이를 반으로 접으세요. Useon jongireul baneuro jeobeuseyo. First, fold the paper in half.

jeorae 저래 ADVERB = with (doing) that

사람이 저래 가지고 친구나 사귈 수 있을지 모르겠어. Sarami jeorae gajigo chinguna sagwil ssu isseuljji moreugesseo. The way he acts, I doubt that he will make a friend.

jeoreoda 저러다 VERB = do that

좀 말려 봐. 저러다 병 나겠다. Jom mallyeo bwa. Jeoreoda byeong nagettta. Do something to stop him, or he is going to fall ill.

라디오가 왜 저래? Radioga wae jeorae? What’s wrong with the radio?

jeoreohada 저러하다 = 저렇다 jeoreota

jeoreoke 저렇게 /저러케/ ADVERB = that, like that (SYN. 저리²)

소영 씨는 항상 저렇게 심각한 편인가요? Soyeong ssineun hangsang jeoreoke simgakan pyeoningayo? Is Soyoung always so serious?

jeoreon 저런¹ DETERMINER = that, such

저런 운전자들 때문에 정말 짜증스러워요. Jeoreo nunjeonjadeul ttaemune jeongmal jjajeungseureowoyo. I’m really irritated with people who drive like that.

jeoreon 저런² INTERJECTION = oh dear!

저런, 비를 많이 맞았구나. Jeoreon, bireul mani majatkkuna. Oh dear, you got soaked in the rain.

jeoreota 저렇다 /저러타/ ADJECTIVE = like that

쟤는 늘 저래요. Jyaeneun neul jeoraeyo. He is always like that.

jeori 저리¹ ADVERB = that way

저리 가! Jeori ga! Go away!

jeori 저리² ADVERB = that, like that (SYN. 저렇게)

저리 매너 없는 사람은 처음 봐요. Jeori maeneo eomneun sarameun cheoeum bwayo. I’ve never seen such an ill-mannered person.

jeoryak(ada) 절약 (하다) /저략, 저랴카다/ [節 save + 約 bind] I NOUN = saving, conservation

II VERB = save (on) (SYN. 아끼다 1)

재활용을 하면 에너지를 크게 절약할 수 있어요. Jaehwaryongeul hamyeon eneojireul keuge jeoryakal ssu isseoyo. You can save a lot of energy by recycling.

jeot 젖 /젇/ NOUN = breast milk

아기한테 젖 먹일 시간이에요. Agihante jeon meogil ssiganieyo. It’s time to feed the baby.

jeottta 젓다 /젇따/ VERB

1 = stir

설탕이 다 녹을 때까지 계속 저어라. Seoltangi da nogeul ttaekkaji gyesok jjeoeora. Keep stirring until the sugar has dissolved completely.

2 = shake (one’s head)

그 사람은 고개를 저으면서 거절했어요. Geu sarameun gogaereul jeoeumyeonseo geojeolhaesseoyo. He shook his head no.

jeottta 젖다 /젇따/ VERB = get wet (ANT. 마르다² 1)

비를 만나서 옷이 완전히 젖었어요. Bireul mannaseo osi wanjeonhi jeojeosseoyo. My clothes got all wet in the rain.

jeoul 저울 NOUN = scale, balance

짐을 저울 위에 올려 주세요. Jimeul jeoul wie ollyeo juseyo. Please put your luggage on the scale.

jepum 제품 [製 manufacture + 品 item] NOUN = product, goods (SYN. 상품)

지난 달에 제품 생산이 중단되었습니다. Jinan dare jepum saengsani jungdandoeeotsseumnida. The product line was discontinued last month.

jesa 제사 [祭 ceremony + 祀 offer sacrifices] NOUN = ancestral rites, memorial service

오늘은 할아버지 제사 때문에 집에 일찍 들어가야 해요. Oneureun harabeoji jesa ttaemune jibe iljjik tteureogaya haeyo. I have to go home early today because we are holding a memorial ceremony for my grandfather.

jesi(hada) 제시 (하다) [提 carry + 示 show] I NOUN = presentation II VERB = show, present

입구에서 티켓을 제시해 주세요. Ipkkueseo tikeseul jesihae juseyo. Please show the ticket at the entrance.

jeuk 즉 [卽 soon] ADVERB = in other words, that is

저희는 2년 전, 즉 2008년에 결혼했어요. Jeohineun i nyeon jeon, jeuk icheonpal ryeone gyeolhonhaesseoyo. We got married two years ago, i.e., in 2008.

jeuksseok 즉석 /즉썩/ [卽 soon + 席 seat] NOUN = (on the) spot

어떻게 나하고 의논하지도 않고 즉석에서 계약서에 사인을 할 수가 있어요? Eotteoke nahago uinonhajido anko jeuksseogeseo gyeyaksseoe saineul hal ssuga isseoyo? How could you sign the contract on the spot without even discussing it with me?

jeukssi 즉시 /즉씨/ [卽 soon + 時 time] ADVERB = immediately, instantly (SYN. 당장)

도착하면 즉시 전화 주세요. Dochakamyeon jeukssi jeonhwa juseyo. Give me a call as soon as you get there.

*jeulgeoptta 즐겁다 /즐겁따/ ADJECTIVE = pleasant, happy (ANT. 괴롭다)

즐거운 시간 보내요! Jeulgeoun sigan bonaeyo! Have a great time!

jeulgeoum 즐거움 [즐거우 happy (from 즐겁다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = joy, pleasure (ANT. 괴로움)

먹는 것이 제 인생의 큰 즐거움 중 하나예요. Meongneun geosi je insaenge keun jeulgeoum jung hanayeyo. Eating is one of the great pleasures in my life.

jeulgeowohada 즐거워하다 [즐거워 happy (from 즐겁다) + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = feel happy, enjoy (ANT. 괴로워하다)

요즘에는 즐거워할 일이 거의 없어요. Yojeumeneun jeulgeowohal iri geoi eopsseoyo. Recently I have little to be happy about.

jeulgida 즐기다 VERB = enjoy, have fun

자신의 일을 즐긴다는 것은 아주 중요해요. Jasine ireul jeulgindaneun geoseun aju jungyohaeyo. It’s very important to enjoy your work.

jeungga(hada) 증가 (하다) [增 add + 加 add] I NOUN = increase (ANT. 감소) II VERB = increase (SYN. 늘다 1, 늘어나다 2; ANT. 감소하다)

한국은 노인 인구가 계속 증가하고 있어요. Hangugeun noi ninguga gyesok jeunggahago isseoyo. The number of elderly citizens continues to grow in Korea.

jeunggeo 증거 [證 prove + 據 ground] NOUN = evidence, proof

내 말이 거짓말이라는 증거가 있나요? Nae mari geojinmariraneun jeunggeoga innayo? Do you have any proof that I lied?

jeungmyeong(hada) 증명 (하다) [證 prove + 明 clear] I NOUN = proof II VERB = prove

네 말이 맞다는 걸 증명해 봐. Ne mari matttaneun geol jeungmyeonghae bwa. Prove what you said is right.

jeungmyeongseo 증명서 [證 prove + 明 clear + 書 document] NOUN = certificate

성적 증명서를 나중에 제출하셔야 합니다. Seongjeok jjeungmyeongseoreul najunge jechulhasyeoya hamnida. You are required to submit your transcript later.

jeungsang 증상 [症 disease + 狀 look like → sign of disease] NOUN = symptom (SYN. 증세)

이전에 비슷한 증상이 있었나요? Ijeone biseutan jeungsangi isseonnayo? Have you ever had any similar symptoms before?

jeungse 증세 [症 disease + 勢 sign → a sign of disease] NOUN = symptom (SYN. 증상)

이 병은 뚜렷한 증세가 없는 것이 특징입니다. I byeongeun tturyeotan jeungsega eomneun geosi teukjjingimnida. This disease is characterized by showing no apparent symptoms.

jeyak 제약 [制 cut + 約 bind] NOUN = restriction

시간 제약 때문에 즉시 답변을 드리지 못할 수 있습니다. Sigan jeyak ttaemune jeukssi dapppyeoneul deuriji motal ssu itsseumnida. Due to time constraints, I may not be able to respond immediately.

ji 지¹ DEPENDENT NOUN = since

저녁 먹은 지가 얼마 안 됐어요. Jeonyeok meogeun jiga eolma an dwaesseoyo. It’s not long since I had my dinner.

NOTE: 지 is used as - ㄴ/은 지 after a verb.

*ji 지² ENDING = connective ending followed by negative expressions

춥지 않아? Chupjji ana? Aren’t you cold?

NOTE: 지 is followed by auxiliary verbs/adjectives with negative or prohibitive meanings: for example, 않다 anta, 못하다¹ motada, and 말다² malda. Refer to them for more details.

*ji 지³ ENDING

1 = declarative ending

두고 봐야 알지. Dugo bwaya alji. We’ll have to wait and see.

2 = inquisitive ending

누가 안 왔지? Nuga a nwatjji? Who’s not here today?

3 = propositive ending

잠깐 산책하러 나가죠. Jamkkan sanchaekareo nagajyo. Let’s go out for a quick walk.

NOTE: 지 is used in a declarative, inquisitive, or propositive sentence. And it can be followed by the particle 요 to show politeness. In spoken language, 지요 is usually shortened to 죠.

jibae(hada) 지배 (하다) [支 support + 配 distribute] I NOUN = rule, domination II VERB = rule, dominate

한국은 35년 동안 일본의 지배를 받았다. Hangugeun samsibo nyeon dongan ilbone jibaereul badattta. Korea was under Japanese rule for 35 years.

jiban 집안 /지반/ NOUN = household, family

아버지는 집안 형편 때문에 중학교에 못 가셨어요. Abeojineun jiban hyeongpyeon ttaemune junghakkkyoe mot kkasyeosseoyo. My father couldn’t go to junior high school because his family didn’t have enough money.

jibang 지방¹ [脂 fat + 肪 fat] NOUN = fat

이 고기는 지방이 너무 많아. I gogineun jibangi neomu mana. This meat has too much fat on it.

jibang 지방² [地 place + 方 direction] NOUN

1 = area (SYN. 지역)

이 지방은 사과로 유명해요. I jibangeun sagwaro yumyeonghaeyo. This region is famous for its apples.

2 = the provinces

저는 지방에 있는 대학을 나왔어요. Jeoneun jibange inneun daehageul nawasseoyo. I graduated from a regional university.

jibannil 집안일 /지반닐/ [집안 household + 일 work] NOUN = household chores, family affair

어머니가 모든 집안일을 혼자 하세요. Eomeoniga modeun jibannireul honja haseyo. My mother does all the house chores herself.

jibeoneota 집어넣다 /지버너타/ [집어 hold (from 집다) + 넣다 put in] VERB = put sb/sth in

셔츠는 바지 안으로 집어넣으세요. Syeocheuneun baji aneuro jibeoneoeuseyo. Tuck your shirt in your pants.

jibul(hada) 지불 (하다) [支 pay + 拂 brush off] I NOUN = payment (SYN. 지급) II VERB = pay (SYN. 지급하다)

수표로 지불해도 될까요? Supyoro jibulhaedo doelkkayo? Can I pay by check?

jibung 지붕 NOUN = roof

비가 오기 전에 지붕을 수리하는 게 좋겠어. Biga ogi jeone jibungeul surihaneun ge jokesseo. I think we need to repair the roof before it rains.

jichida 지치다 VERB = be exhausted, be tired

벌써 지쳤어요? Beolsseo jicheosseoyo? Are you exhausted already?

NOTE: Pay attention to the tense. When you ARE already exhausted, the past tense— 지쳤다 —is more natural than the present tense, 지친다.

jichul 지출 [支 pay + 出 come out] NOUN = expense (ANT. 수입¹)

앞으로는 지출을 줄여야겠어요. Apeuroneun jichureul juryeoyagesseoyo. I need to cut down my expenses from now on.

jida 지다¹ VERB = lose (ANT. 이기다)

지는 게 이기는 거야. Jineun ge igineun geoya. To lose is to win.

jida 지다² VERB

1 = owe

그 사람한테 빚을 얼마나 졌어요? Geu saramhante bijeul eolmana jeosseoyo? How much do you owe him?

2 = take a responsibility

제가 한 말은 제가 책임을 질게요. Jega han mareun jega chaegimeul jilgeyo. I’ll take responsibility for what I said.

jida 지다³ VERB

1 = set, go down (ANT. 뜨다¹ 2)

해가 지고 날이 어두워졌어요. Haega jigo nari eoduwojeosseoyo. The sun set and it got dark.

2 = fall (ANT. 피다)

벌써 잎이 다 졌어요. Beolsseo ipi da jeosseoyo. The leaves fell already.

jida 지다⁴ AUXILIARY VERB = become, be done

아직도 그 생각을 하면 슬퍼져요. Ajiktto geu saenggageul hamyeon seulpeojeoyo. Just thinking of it still makes me sad.

통증이 느껴지면 운동을 중단하세요. Tongjjeungi neukkyeojimyeon undongeul jung-danhaseyo. Stop exercising if you feel any pain.

NOTE: The auxiliary verb 지다 appears as - 아/어/여지다 after a verb/adjective. (Caution: unlike other auxiliary verbs, there is no space after the connective ending 아/어/여.) It signifies a state of passivity or a change of state.

*jido 지도¹ [地 place + 圖 picture → a picture that shows places] NOUN = map

길을 잃을지도 모르니까 지도를 가져가라. Gireul ireuljjido moreunikka jidoreul gajeogara. Take the map in case you get lost.

jido(hada) 지도²(하다) [指 finger + 導 lead] I NOUN = guidance II VERB = guide, teach (SYN. 가 르치다)

이 학생은 제가 지금껏 지도한 학생들 중에서 가장 뛰어난 학생입니다. I hakssaengeun jega jigeumkkeot jidohan hakssaengdeul jung-eseo gajang ttwieonan hakssaengimnida. This is the best student I’ve ever taught.

jigak(ada) 지각 (하다) [遲 late + 刻 moment] I NOUN = lateness II VERB = be late

서둘러. 그러다 학교에 지각한다. Seodulleo. Geureoda hakkkyoe jigakanda. Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.

*jigap 지갑 [紙 paper + 匣 case → a case for money] NOUN = wallet, purse

저는 아이들 사진을 지갑에 넣어 가지고 다녀요. Jeoneun aideul sajineul jigabe neoeo gajigo danyeoyo. I carry a picture of my children in my wallet.

jigeop 직업 /지겁/ [職 work + 業 work] NOUN = occupation, profession

직업이 무엇입니까? Jigeobi mueosimnikka? What do you do for a living?

jigeuki 지극히 /지그키/ [至 to + 極 extreme + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = very, extremely (SYN. 극히)

사람들이 부자가 되고 싶어하는 것은 지극히 당연한 거예요. Saramdeuri bujaga doego sipeohaneun geoseun jigeuki dangyeonhan geoyeyo. It is very natural for people to want to be rich.

*jigeum 지금 [只 only + 今 now] NOUN, ADVERB = now

지금은 전화를 받을 수가 없어요. Jigeumeun jeonhwareul badeul ssuga eopsseoyo. I can’t answer the phone right now.

지금 바쁘세요? Jigeum bappeuseyo? Are you busy right now?

jigeumkkeot 지금껏 /지금껃/ [只 only + 今 now + 껏] ADVERB = so far, until now

지금껏 뭐 했어요? Jigeumkkeot mwo haesseoyo? What have you been doing all this time?

jigeup(ada) 지급 (하다) [支 pay + 給 give] I NOUN = payment II VERB = give, pay

저희 회사는 연말에 보너스를 지급합니다. Jeohi hoesaneun yeonmare boneoseureul jigeupamnida. Our company pays a bonus at the end of the year.

jigu 지구 [地 earth + 球 round] NOUN = the Earth

지구에서 달까지는 얼마나 멀어요? Jigueseo dalkkajineun eolmana meoreoyo? How far is it from the Earth to the moon?

jigwon 직원 /지권/ [職 work + 員 person] NOUN = employee, staff

모든 직원들에게 알립니다. Modeun jigwondeurege allimnida. Attention, all employees.

직원 모집 jigwon mojip Help Wanted

jigyeong 지경 [地 earth + 境 area] DEPENDENT NOUN = circumstances, situation, story

배고파 죽을 지경이야. Baegopa jugeul jjigyeongiya. I’m starving to death.

jigyeoptta 지겹다 /지겹따/ ADJECTIVE = boring, bored, sick and tired (SYN. 지루하다)

이 일 정말 지겨워 죽겠어. I il jeongmal jigyeowo jukkkesseo. I’m sick and tired of this.

*jiha 지하 [地 ground + 下 under] NOUN = basement, underground

주차장은 지하에 있어요. Juchajangeun jihae isseoyo. The parking lot is on the basement level.

*jihacheol 지하철 [地 ground + 下 under + 鐵 iron → an iron machine running underground] NOUN = subway (SYN. 전철)

지하철을 타실 거예요? Jihacheoreul tasil kkeoyeyo? Are you going to take the subway?

jihado 지하도 [地 ground + 下 under + 道 road → underground roads] NOUN = underpass

지하도를 건너면 공중전화가 있어요. Jihadoreul geonneomyeon gongjungjeonhwaga isseoyo. Pass through the underpass, and then you’ll find a phone booth.

jihasil 지하실 [地 ground + 下 under + 室 room] NOUN = basement, cellar

지하실에 안 쓰는 물건들이 가득해요. Jiha-sire an sseuneun mulgeondeuri gadeukaeyo. The basement is filled with junk.

jihye 지혜 [智 wise + 慧 intelligent] NOUN = wisdom

지식은 지혜와 별로 관계가 없어요. Jisigeun jihyewa byeollo gwangyega eopsseoyo. Knowledge has little to do with wisdom.

jijeobunhada 지저분하다 ADJECTIVE = dirty, messy (SYN. 더럽다)

사무실이 너무 지저분한 것 같지 않아요? Samusiri neomu jijeobunhan geot gatjji anayo? Doesn’t the office seem awfully dirty?

jijeok(ada) 지적¹(하다) [指 finger + 摘 pick] I NOUN = pointing out II VERB = point out

지적하신 부분은 모두 고쳤어요. Jijeokasin bubuneun modu gocheosseoyo. I corrected everything you have pointed out.

jijjeok 지적² /지쩍/ [知 know + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = intellectual, intelligent

아이들은 대체로 지적인 호기심이 강해요. Aideureun daechero jijjeogin hogisimi gang-haeyo. Generally, children has a strong intellectual curiosity.

jijeom 지점¹ [地 place + 點 point] NOUN = point, spot

그들이 발견된 정확한 지점이 어디입니까? Geudeuri balgyeondoen jeonghwakan jijeomi eodiimnikka? Where is the exact spot that they were discovered?

jijeom 지점² [支 branch + 店 shop] NOUN = branch (office)

저희는 일본과 중국에 해외 지점이 있습니 다. Jeohineun ilbongwa jungguge haeoe jijeomi itsseumnida. We have overseas branches in Japan and China.

jiji(hada) 지지 (하다) [支 support + 持 hold] I NOUN = support, backing II VERB = support, back

어느 후보를 지지하세요? Eoneu huboreul jijihaseyo? Which candidate do you support?

jijin 지진 [地 earth + 震 shake] NOUN = earthquake

이 지역에는 지진이 자주 발생해요. I jiyeo geneun jijini jaju balsaenghaeyo. This region has frequent earthquakes.

jikida 지키다 VERB

1 = keep, obey

저는 약속을 잘 지켜요. Jeoneun yakssogeul jal jikyeoyo. I always keep my word.

2 = guard, defend

우리 집 개는 집을 잘 지켜요. Uri jip gaeneun jibeul jal jikyeoyo. My dog is very good at guarding my house.

jikjjang 직장 /직짱/ [職 work + 場 place] NOUN = workplace, office

남편과 저는 같은 직장에 다니고 있어요. Nampyeongwa jeoneun gateun jikjjange danigo isseoyo. My husband and I work at the same place.

jikjjangin 직장인 /직짱인/ [職 work + 場 place + 人 people] NOUN = office worker, salaried person

평범한 직장인으로 사는 게 항상 쉬운 건 아니야. Pyeongbeomhan jikjjangineuro saneun ge hangsang swiun geon aniya. It’s not always easy to live as an ordinary salaried man.

jikjjeon 직전 /직쩐/ [直 straight + 前 before] DEPENDENT NOUN = just before (ANT. 직후)

나 지금 피곤해서 쓰러지기 직전이야. Na jigeum pigonhaeseo sseureojigi jikjjeoniya. I’m about to faint from fatigue.

NOTE: 직전 is usually used as 직전 (에) or 직전 이다 after a noun or the nominal ending - 기.

jikjjeop 직접 /직쩝/ [直 straight + 接 adjacent] ADVERB = personally, directly

네가 직접 만들었어? Nega jikjjeop mandeureosseo? Did you make it yourself?

jikjjeopjjeok 직접적 /직쩝쩍/ [直 straight + 接 adjacent + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = direct, immediate (ANT. 간접적)

그 사람은 이번 사건과 직접적인 관련이 있어요. Geu sarameun ibeon sakkeongwa jikjjeopjjeogin gwallyeoni isseoyo. He is directly connected to this case.

jiku 직후 /지쿠/ [直 straight + 後 after] DEPENDENT NOUN = right after (ANT. 직전)

음식을 먹고 난 직후에는 운동을 하지 마세요. Eumsigeul meokkko nan jikueneun undongeul haji maseyo. Don’t work out right after having a meal.

NOTE: Both nouns and verbs can precede 직후. When it is used with a verb, it usually appears as - ㄴ/은 직후 (에).

jikyeoboda 지켜보다 VERB = watch, observe

상황을 계속 지켜보자. Sanghwangeul gyesok jjikyeoboja. Let’s keep watch on the situation.

jil 질 [質 nature] NOUN = quality (SYN. 품질; ANT. 양²)

이 가게 물건은 질이 좋아요. I gage mulgeoneun jiri joayo. Products in this store are good quality.

jilbyeong 질병 [疾 disease + 病 illness] NOUN = disease, illness (SYN. 병¹)

감기는 가장 흔한 질병 중 하나다. Gamgineun gajang heunhan jilbyeong jung hanada. Flu is one of the most common diseases.

jilli 진리 /질리/ [眞 true + 理 principle] NOUN = truth

뿌린 만큼 거둔다는 것은 진리야. Ppurin mankeum geodundaneun geoseun jilliya. It is true that one reaps what one sows.

jillo 진로 /질로/ [進 advance + 路 road] NOUN

1 = course, path

다른 운전자의 진로를 방해하지 않게 조심하세요. Dareu nunjeonjae jilloreul banghaehaji anke josimhaseyo. Be careful not to obstruct the passage of other drivers.

2 = career

좀 있으면 졸업인데 아직 진로를 결정하지 못했어요. Jo misseumyeon joreobinde ajik jilloreul gyeoljjeonghaji motaesseoyo. I’m going to graduate soon, but I haven’t decided what to do in the future.

jillyo(hada) 진료 (하다) /질료 (하다) / [診 examine + 療 cure] I NOUN = (medical) treatment

II VERB = treat

진료 시간은 오전 아홉 시에서 오후 여섯 시까지입니다. Jillyo siganeun ojeon ahop ssieseo ohu yeoseot ssikkajiimnida. Office hours are from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

*jilmun(hada) 질문 (하다) [質 ask + 問 ask] I NOUN = question (SYN. 물음; ANT. 대답) II VERB = ask, question (SYN. 묻다¹; ANT. 대답하다)

괜찮으시면 질문 몇 가지 해도 될까요? Gwaenchaneusimyeon jilmun myeot kkaji haedo doelkkayo? If you don’t mind, can I ask you some questions?

jilsseo 질서 /질써/ [秩 order + 序 order] NOUN = (public) order

질서를 지켜서 입장해 주시기 바랍니다. Jilsseoreul jikyeoseo ipjjanghae jusigi baramnida. Please enter in an orderly manner.

jim 짐 NOUN = load, baggage

갖고 계신 짐은 그게 다예요? Gatkko gyesin jimeun geuge dayeyo? Is that all the baggage you have?

jiman 지만 ENDING = but, yet

바지는 잘 맞지만 셔츠는 너무 껴요. Bajineun jal matjjiman syeocheuneun neomu kkyeoyo. The pants fit fine, but the shirt’s too tight.

jimjak(ada) 짐작 (하다) [斟 pour + 酌 pour] I NOUN = guess, conjecture (SYN. 추측) II VERB = guess, assume (SYN. 추측하다)

제 짐작이 맞았어요. Je jimjagi majasseoyo. My guess was right.

jinachida 지나치다¹ VERB = pass, overshoot

졸다가 내릴 곳을 지나칠 뻔했어요. Joldaga naeril kkoseul jinachil ppeonhaesseoyo. I almost missed my stop while dozing off.

jinachida 지나치다² ADJECTIVE = excessive

지나친 운동은 건강에 해로워요. Jinachi nundongeun geongange haerowoyo. Too much exercise is harmful to your health.

jinada 지나다 VERB = pass, go by (SYN. 지나가다)

시간이 지나면 기분이 나아질 거야. Sigani jinamyeon gibuni naajil kkeoya. You’ll feel better with time.

*jinaeda 지내다 VERB

1 = live

저는 잘 지내고 있어요. Jeoneun jal jinaego isseoyo. I’m doing just fine.

2 = spend, pass (SYN. 보내다 2)

크리스마스는 보통 가족과 함께 지내요. Keuriseumaseuneun botong gajokkkwa hamkke jinaeyo. I usually spend Christmas with my family.

jinagada 지나가다 [지나 pass (from 지나다) + 가다 go] VERB = pass, go by (SYN. 지나다)

이 버스가 서울역을 지나가나요? I beoseuga seoullyeogeul jinaganayo? Does this bus pass by Seoul Station?

jinanbeon 지난번 [지난 pass (from 지나다) + 番 time] NOUN = the last time, the other day (SYN. 저번)

지난번에 봤을 때보다 더 마른 것 같아. Jinanbeone bwasseul ttaeboda deo mareun geot gata. You look thinner than the last time I saw you.

*jinandal 지난달 [지난 pass (from 지나다) + 달 month] NOUN = pass month

지난달에 회사를 그만뒀어요. Jinandare hoesareul geumandwosseoyo. I quit my job last month.

jinanhae 지난해 [지난 pass (from 지나다) + 해 year] NOUN = last year (SYN. 작년)

그분은 지난해에 그만두셨어요. Geubuneun jinanhaee geumandusyeosseoyo. He quit last year.

*jinanju 지난주 [지난 pass (from 지나다) + 週 week] NOUN = last week

오늘은 좀 어때요? - 지난주보다는 훨씬 좋아. Oneureun jo meottaeyo? - Jinanjubodaneun hwolssin joa. How are you today? – Much better than last week.

jinannal 지난날 [지난 pass (from 지나다) + 날 day] NOUN = the past, the old days (SYN. 과거)

저는 지난날의 제가 아니에요. Jeoneun jinannare jega anieyo. I am not what I used to be.

jinchal(hada) 진찰 (하다) [診 examine + 察 watch] I NOUN = medical checkup II VERB = examine, give a checkup

지금 당장 진찰을 받는 게 좋겠어. Jigeum dangjang jinchareul banneun ge jokesseo. You should see a doctor right now.

jinchul(hada) 진출 (하다) [進 advance + 出 come out] I NOUN = advance II VERB = advance, enter, go (into)

지금이 일본 시장에 진출할 좋은 기회야. Jigeumi ilbon sijange jinchulhal joeun gihoeya. This is a good opportunity to enter the Japanese market.

jindan(hada) 진단 (하다) [診 examine + 斷 determine → examination that determines what is wrong with a person] I NOUN = diagnosis II VERB = diagnose

엄마는 암 진단을 받고 입원 중이세요. Eommaneun am jindaneul batkko ibwon jung-iseyo. My mom was diagnosed with cancer and is in the hospital.

jindong 진동 [振 shake + 動 move] NOUN = vibration

영화관에서는 휴대폰을 진동으로 전환해 주세요. Yeonghwagwaneseoneun hyudaeponeul jindongeuro jeonhwanhae juseyo. Please put your cell phone on vibration mode in the theater.

jineung 지능 [知 know + 能 able → an ability of knowing and understanding things] NOUN = intelligence, intellect

이 장난감은 아이들의 지능 발달에 도움이 됩니다. I jangnankkameun aideure jineung balttare doumi doemnida. This toy is helpful for children’s intellectual development.

jingeup(ada) 진급 (하다) [進 advance + 級 grade] I NOUN = promotion (SYN. 승진) II VERB = be promoted (SYN. 승진하다)

아들 녀석이 올해 3학년으로 진급했어요. Adeul nyeoseogi olhae sam hangnyeoneuro jingeupaesseoyo. My son started third grade this year.

NOTE: In most cases, 승진 and 진급 are interchangeable, but when you imply moving on to the next year in school, you should use 진급, and not 승진.

jinhada 진하다 [津 dock + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE

1 = thick, strong (ANT. 연하다 1)

커피가 너무 진해요. Keopiga neomu jinhaeyo. My coffee is too strong.

2 = dark, deep, heavy

당신 오늘 화장이 너무 진한 거 아냐? Dangsin oneul hwajangi neomu jinhan geo anya? Don’t you think your makeup is too heavy today?

jinhaeng(hada) 진행 (하다) [進 advance + 行 go] I NOUN = progress, progression; VERB = progress

선생님 차가 다른 차들의 진행을 막고 있습니다. Seonsaengnim chaga dareun chadeure jinhaengeul makkko itsseumnida. Your car is blocking the way of other cars.

II NOUN = progress, progression; VERB = preside, emcee

오늘 행사를 진행할 분을 소개하겠습니다. Oneul haengsareul jinhaenghal ppuneul sogaehagetsseumnida. Let me introduce you today’s MC.

jinhaengdoeda 진행되다 [進 advance + 行 go + 되다 become] VERB = progress

일은 잘 진행되고 있어요. Ireun jal jinhaengdoego isseoyo. Things are coming along fine.

jinida 지니다 VERB = keep, carry

외국에 나가면 여권을 항상 지니고 다니세요. Oeguge nagamyeon yeokkwoneul hangsang jinigo daniseyo. Carry your passport at all times when you are in a foreign country.

jinjihada 진지하다 [眞 true + 摯 sincere + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = serious, earnest

당시에는 걔가 하는 말을 진지하게 생각하지 않았어요. Dangsieneun gyaega haneun mareul jinjihage saenggakaji anasseoyo. I didn’t take what he said seriously at that time.

jinjja 진짜 [眞 true + 짜] I NOUN = real thing (ANT. 가짜)

처음에는 그 얘기가 진짜인 줄 알았어요. Cheoeumeneun geu yaegiga jinjjain jul arasseoyo. At first, I thought the story was real.

II ADVERB = really, truly (SYN. 진짜로)

배가 진짜 고파요. Baega jinjja gopayo. I’m really hungry.

*jinjjaro 진짜로 [진짜 truth + 로] ADVERB = really, truly (SYN. 진짜 II)

진짜로 회사 관둘 거야? Jinjjaro hoesa gwandul kkeoya? Are you sure you are going to quit the job?

jinsil(hada) 진실 (하다) [眞 true + 實 truth] I NOUN = truth, fact (SYN. 사실 I) II ADJECTIVE = truthful, sincere

진실은 결국 승리한다. Jinsireun gyeolguk seungnihanda. Truth wins in the end.

jinsim 진심 [眞 true + 心 heart] NOUN = the true heart, sincerity

졸업을 진심으로 축하합니다. Joreobeul jinsimeuro chukahamnida. I heartily congratulate you on your graduation.

*jip 집 NOUN = house, home, family

오후에는 집에 있을 거예요. Ohueneun jibe isseul kkeoyeyo. I am going to be at home in the afternoon.

우리 집은 가족이 셋밖에 없어요. Uri jibeun gajogi setppakke eopsseoyo. There are only three people in my family.

jipe 지폐 /지페/ [紙 paper + 幣 money] NOUN = bill, note

2009년에 5만원짜리 지폐가 새로 나왔어요. Icheongu nyeone o manwonjjari jipyega saero nawasseoyo. A 50,000 won banknote was newly issued in 2009.

jipjjung(hada) 집중(하다) /집쭝 (하다) / [集 collect + 中 center → the act of collecting your mind to the center] I NOUN = concentration II VERB = focus, concentrate

집중만 하면 그 일은 그렇게 어렵지 않아요. Jipjjungman hamyeon geu ireun geureoke eoryeopjji anayo. It’s not that hard if you just concentrate.

jipjjungjeok 집중적 /집쭝적/ [集 collect + 中 center + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = concentrative

이제부터는 어려운 부분만 집중적으로 공부할 필요가 있어요. Ijebuteoneun eoryeoun bubunman jipjjungjeogeuro gongbuhal piryoga isseoyo. You need to focus on just the difficult parts from now on.

jiptta 집다 /집따/ VERB = pick up

그것 좀 집어 줄래? Geugeot jom jibeo jullae? Can you pick it up for me?

jiptta 짚다 /집따/ VERB = put one’s hand on

유리 위에 손을 짚지 마세요. Yuri wie soneul jipjji maseyo. Don’t put your hands on the glass.

jipttan 집단 /집딴/ [集 collect + 團 gather] NOUN = group, body (ANT. 개인)

대부분의 사람들은 많은 집단에 속해 있다. Daebubune saramdeureun maneun jipttane sokae ittta. Most people belong to many different groups.

jireuda 지르다 VERB = shout, yell

나한테 소리 지르지 마세요! Nahante sori jireuji maseyo! Don’t yell at me!

jireumkkil 지름길 /지름낄/ [지름 + 길 road] NOUN = shortcut

제가 지름길을 알고 있어요. Jega jireumkkireul algo isseoyo. I know a shortcut.

jiruhada 지루하다 ADJECTIVE = boring, bored (SYN. 지겹다)

영화가 너무 지루해서 내내 졸았어요. Yeonghwaga neomu jiruhaeseo naenae jorasseoyo. The movie was so boring it put me to sleep.

jisi(hada) 지시 (하다) [指 finger + 示 show → the act of pointing out with finger to show] I NOUN = directions, instructions II VERB = direct, instruct, order

의사 지시대로 했어? Uisa jisidaero haesseo? Did you follow the doctor’s instructions?

jisik 지식 [知 know + 識 know] NOUN = knowledge

지식을 넓히는 데 독서만큼 좋은 것은 없다. Jisigeul neolpineun de doksseomankeum joeun geoseun eoptta. Reading books is the best way to broaden your knowledge.

jisokjjeok 지속적 /지속쩍/ [持 hold + 續 continue + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = continuous

여러분의 지속적인 관심 부탁드립니다. Yeoreobune jisokjjeogin gwansim butaktteurimnida. I ask for your continued interest.

jisokttoeda 지속되다 /지속뙤다/ [持 hold + 續 continue + 되다 become] VERB = last, continue

증세가 지속되면 의사와 상담하세요. Jeungsega jisokttoemyeon uisawa sangdamhaseyo. Consult your doctor if symptoms persist.

jit 짓 /짇/ NOUN = [offensive] act

바보 같은 짓 하지 마. Babo gateun ji taji ma. Don’t act like a fool.

jittta 짓다 /짇따/ VERB

1 = make, build

이 건물은 지은 지 얼마나 됐죠? I geonmureun jieun ji eolmana dwaetjjyo? How old is this building?

2 = show, express

왜 그렇게 슬픈 표정을 짓고 있니? Wae geureoke seulpeun pyojeongeul jitkko inni? Why are you making such a sad look?

3 = name

아기 이름은 뭐라고 지었어요? Agi ireumeun mworago jieosseoyo? What did you name the baby?

jittta 짙다 /짇따/ ADJECTIVE

1 = deep, dark, heavy (SYN. 진하다 2)

너한테는 짙은 색 옷이 잘 어울리는 것 같아. Neohanteneun jiteun saek osi ja reoullineun geot gata. I think you look good in dark colored clothes.

2 = thick, dense

이 지역은 바람이 세고 짙은 안개가 끼는 날이 많아요. I jiyeogeun barami sego jiteu nangaega kkineun nari manayo. High winds and thick fog are common in this region.

*jiuda 지우다 VERB = erase, delete, remove

아, 실수로 중요한 메일을 지웠어. A, silssuro jungyohan meireul jiwosseo. Oh dear, I deleted an important e-mail by mistake.

*jiugae 지우개 [지우 erase (from 지우다) + 개 nominal suffix] NOUN = eraser, rubber

지우개 좀 잠시 써도 돼? Jiugae jom jamsi sseodo dwae? Can I use your eraser for a moment?

jiwi 지위 [地 place + 位 seat] NOUN = status, position, rank

그 여성 작가는 여성의 사회적 지위를 높이는 데 크게 기여해 왔다. Geu yeoseong jakkkaneun yeoseonge sahoejeok jiwireul nopineun de keuge giyeohae wattta. The female writer made significant contributions to improving women’s social status.

jiwon(hada) 지원 (하다)¹ [支 pay + 援 help] I NOUN = support, aid II VERB = support

지금의 정부는 공연 예술을 크게 지원하지 않아요. Jigeume jeongbuneun gongyeon yesureul keuge jiwonhaji anayo. The present government doesn’t support performing arts much.

jiwon(hada) 지원 (하다)² [志 will + 願 desire] I NOUN = desire, application II VERB = apply, volunteer

어느 대학에 지원할 생각이야? Eoneu daehage jiwonhal ssaenggagiya? Which college are you going to apply to?

jiyeok 지역 [地 place + 域 boundary] NOUN = area, region

이 지역에는 백화점이 하나도 없어요. I jiyeogeneun baekwajeomi hanado eopsseoyo. There is no department store in this area.

jjada 짜다¹ ADJECTIVE = salty (ANT. 싱겁다)

저는 음식을 약간 짜게 먹어요. Jeoneun eumsigeul yakkkan jjage meogeoyo. I like salty food.

jjada 짜다² VERB = wring out, squeeze

여드름은 함부로 짜지 마세요. Yeodeureumeun hamburo jjaji maseyo. Don’t squeeze pimples at any time.

jjada 짜다³ VERB = make out

여행 일정은 다 짰어요? Yeohaeng iljjeongeun da jjasseoyo? Have you arranged your itinerary?

jjajangmyeon 짜장면 = 자장면 jajangmyeon

NOTE: 짜장면 was not accepted as standard term until August 31, 2011 even though people had been using it more often than 자장면, the standard one. The National Institute of the Korean Language officially announced that 짜장면 was registered as the standard term in the dictionary databank on that day.

jjajeung 짜증 NOUN = irritation, annoyance

옆집에서 음악을 너무 크게 틀어서 짜증이 나요. Yeopjjibeseo eumageul neomu keuge teureoseo jjajeungi nayo. Next door is playing music so loud and it’s very annoying.

jjajeungseureoptta 짜증스럽다 /짜증스럽따/ [짜증 irritation + 스럽다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = annoyed, annoying

아기가 계속 울어 대서 짜증스러워요. Agiga gyeso gureo daeseo jjajeungseureowoyo. The baby won’t stop crying and it’s annoying me.

jjak 짝 NOUN, DEPENDENT NOUN = pair

양말이 짝이 안 맞아요. Yangmari jjagi an majayo. These socks don’t match.

NOTE: Put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …) before 짝.

*jjaltta 짧다 /짤따/ ADJECTIVE = short (ANT. 길다)

바지가 저한테 좀 짧은 것 같아요. Bajiga jeohante jom jjalbeun geot gatayo. These pants are a little short for me.

jjamppong 짬뽕 [from Japanese champon] NOUN

1 = jjamppong

자장면 먹을지 짬뽕 먹을지 고민이야. Jajangmyeon meogeuljji jjamppong meogeuljji gominiya. I can’t decide which one to choose, between jajangmyeon and jjamppong.

2 = [informal] mix

소주하고 맥주를 짬뽕으로 마시는 것을 즐기는 사람도 있어요. Sojuhago maekjjureul jjamppongeuro masineun geoseul jeulgineun saramdo isseoyo. Some people enjoy drinking soju and beer mixed together.

NOTE: 짬뽕 is a dish of noodles combined with stir-fried seafood and vegetable then boiled in stock. Along with 자장면, this is one of the most popular Chinese dishes in Korea.

jjari 짜리 SUFFIX

1 = worth, value, amount

100원짜리 동전 있어? Bae gwonjjari dongjeon isseo? Do you have a hundred won coin?

2 = year-old

열 살짜리 여자 아이가 입을 옷을 찾고 있어요. Yeol ssaljjari yeoja aiga ibeu roseul chatkko isseoyo. I’m looking for clothes for a ten-year-old girl.

jjeoljjeolmaeda 쩔쩔매다 VERB = be at a loss, be flustered

시험이 너무 어려워서 쩔쩔맸어요. Siheomi neomu eoryeowoseo jjeoljjeolmaesseoyo. The exam was so tough that I struggled.

jjeum 쯤 SUFFIX = about, around

두 시쯤 만나자. Du sijjeum mannaja. I’ll see you at around two.

jjida 찌다¹ VERB = gain (weight)

요즘 점점 살이 찌고 있어요. Yojeum jeomjeom sari jjigo isseoyo. I am getting fat these days.

jjida 찌다² VERB= steam, get steaming hot

날이 찌는 듯이 더워요. Nari jjineun deusi deowoyo. It is steaming hot.

*jjigae 찌개 NOUN = stew

찌개는 식으면 맛이 없어요. Jjigaeneun sigeumyeon masi eopsseoyo. Stew doesn’t taste good when it is cold.

jjijeojida 찢어지다 /찌저지다/ [찢어 tear (from 찢다) + 지다 become] VERB = be torn

치마가 못에 걸려 찢어져 버렸어요. Chimaga mose geollyeo jjijeojeo beoryeosseoyo. My skirt snagged on a nail and ripped.

jjikida 찍히다¹ /찌키다/ [찍다 stamp + 히 passive suffix] VERB = get stamped

계약서에 찍힌 도장은 제 것이 아닌데요. Gyeyaksseoe jjikin dojangeun je geosi anindeyo. The seal on the contract is not mine.

jjikida 찍히다² /찌키다/ [찍다 take + 히 passive suffix] VERB = be taken

이 사진에 찍힌 사람이 너야? I sajine jjikin sarami neoya? Is this you in this picture?

jjikkeogi 찌꺼기 NOUN = residue, scraps

음식물 찌꺼기를 어떻게 처리하지? Eumsingmul jjikkeogireul eotteoke cheorihaji? How do I dispose of food wastes?

* jjiktta 찍다¹ /찍따/ VERB

1 = spear

저는 음식을 젓가락으로 집어 먹는 것보다 포크로 찍는 게 편해요. Jeoneun eumsigeul jeokkarageuro jibeo meongneun geotppoda pokeuro jjingneun ge pyeonhaeyo. I’m more familiar with spearing food with a fork than picking it up with chopsticks.

2 = stamp, dot

여기에 도장을 찍으시면 됩니다. Yeogie dojangeul jjigeusimyeon doemnida. Please put your seal here.

3 = pick

다음 선거 때 누구 찍으실 거예요? Daeum seongeo ttae nugu jjigeusil kkeoyeyo? Who are you going to vote for in the next election?

*jjiktta 찍다² /찍따/ VERB = take, shoot (SYN. 촬영하다)

사진 좀 찍어 주시겠어요? Sajin jom jjigeo jusigesseoyo? Can you take a picture of me?

NOTE: 사진을 찍다 can mean both to take a picture and to have one’s picture taken.

jjireuda 찌르다 VERB= pierce, stab

실수로 친구의 눈을 찌르고 말았어요. Silssuro chingue nuneul jjireugo marasseoyo. I poked my friend in the eye by mistake.

jjittta 찢다 /찓따/ VERB = tear, rip

수첩에서 종이 한 장 찢어도 돼? Sucheobeseo jongi han jang jjijeodo dwae? Can I tear a page out of the notebook?

jjok 쪽¹ DEPENDENT NOUN = page (SYN. 페이지)

교과서 10쪽을 펴세요. Gyogwaseo sip jjogeul pyeoseyo. Open your textbook to page 10.

NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 쪽.

*jjok 쪽² DEPENDENT NOUN

1 = direction, side (SYN. 방향)

서울역이 어느 쪽이죠? Seoullyeogi eoneu jjogijyo? Which way is Seoul station?

2 = side, part

이 게임에서 이기는 쪽이 우승이다. I geimeseo igineun jjogi useungida. The winning team of this game wins the championship.

jjokjji 쪽지 /쪽찌/ [쪽 + 紙 paper] NOUN = note, slip of paper

쪽지를 다 읽고 나서 옆으로 넘겨라. Jjokjjireul da ilkko naseo yeopeuro neomgyeora. Pass on this note after you read it.

jjotkkida 쫓기다 /쫃끼다/ [쫓다 run after + 기 passive suffix] VERB = be run after

그는 경찰에 쫓기고 있다. Geuneun gyeongchare jjotkkigo ittta. He is being hunted down by the police.

jjotkkyeonada 쫓겨나다 /쫃껴나다/ VERB = be kicked out of

그 여자는 중대한 실수를 저질러서 직장에서 쫓겨났어요. Geu yeojaneun jungdaehan silssureul jeojilleoseo jikjjangeseo jjotkkyeonasseoyo. She was kicked out of the company because she made a serious mistake.

jjottta 쫓다 /쫃따/ VERB

1 = chase, run after

경찰이 범인을 쫓고 있어요. Gyeongchari beomineul jjotkko isseoyo. The police are chasing the criminal.

2 = drive away

잠을 쫓으려고 커피를 두 잔이나 마셨어요. Jameul jjocheuryeogo keopireul du janina masyeo- sseoyo. I drank two cups of coffee to fight off sleepiness.

jjuk 쭉 = 죽² juk

*joahada 좋아하다 /조아하다/ VERB = like, enjoy (ANT. 싫어하다)

낚시 좋아하세요? Nakssi joahaseyo? Do you like fishing?

joe 죄 [罪 fault] NOUN = crime, misdeed, sin

저는 아무 죄가 없어요. Jeoneun amu joega eopsseoyo. I’ve done nothing wrong.

*joesonghada 죄송하다 [罪 fault + 悚 sorry + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = sorry (SYN. 미안하다)

늦어서 죄송합니다. Neujeoseo joesonghamnida. I’m sorry for being late.

NOTE: To check out the difference between 미안 하다 and 죄송하다, see the note on 미안하다 mianhada.

jogak 조각 NOUN = piece, bit

케이크 한 조각 더 먹어도 돼요? Keikeu han jogak deo meogeodo dwaeyo? Can I have another piece of cake?

*jogeum 조금 I NOUN = a small quantity, some (SYN. 약간 I)

조금만 더 잘게. Jogeumman deo jalkke. Let me get some more sleep.

II ADVERB = a little, a bit, a moment (SYN. 좀 1, 약간 II)

다리를 조금 더 벌려 보세요. Darireul jogeum deo beollyeo boseyo. Spread your legs a little more.

jogeumahada 조그마하다 = 조그맣다 jogeumata

jogeumata 조그맣다 /조그마타/ ADJECTIVE = small, little, tiny (ANT. 커다랗다)

저는 조그만 무역 회사에 다니고 있어요. Jeoneun jogeuman muyeo koesae danigo isseoyo. I’m employed in a small trading company.

jogeumssik 조금씩 [조금 some + 씩] ADVERB = little by little

제 영어 실력이 조금씩 나아지고 있나요? Je yeongeo sillyeogi jogeumssing naajigo innayo? Do you think my English is improving?

jogi 조기 [早 early + 期 period] NOUN = an early stage, an early period

심각한 병일수록 조기에 발견하는 게 중요하다. Simgakan byeongilssurok jogie balgyeonhaneun ge jungyohada. The more serious a disease is, the more important it is to diagnose it in its early stage.

joging 조깅 [from English jogging] NOUN = jogging

예전에는 아침마다 조깅을 했었어요. Yejeoneneun achimmada jogingeul haesseosseoyo. I used to jog every morning.

johwa 조화 [調 adjust + 和 peace] NOUN = harmony

이 건물은 주변의 환경과 조화를 이루고 있어요. I geonmureun jubyeone hwangyeonggwa johwareul irugo isseoyo. This building is in harmony with the surrounding environment.

jojeol(hada) 조절 (하다) [調 adjust + 節 joint] I NOUN = control, adjustment II VERB = control, adjust

권투 선수에게 가장 힘든 것은 체중 조절이다. Gwontu seonsuege gajang himdeun geoseun chejung jojeorida. The hardest thing for boxers to do is weight control.

jojeong(hada) 조정 (하다) [調 adjust + 整 neat] I NOUN = adjustment II VERB = adjust

일정은 조정이 가능해요. Iljjeongeun jojeongi ganeunghaeyo. The schedule can be adjusted.

jojik(ada) 조직 (하다) [組 organize + 織 knit] I NOUN = group, organization II VERB = organize

회사 조직에 변화가 있을 거예요. Hoesa jojige byeonhwaga isseul kkeoyeyo. There will be a change in the company organization.

joka 조카 NOUN = nephew, niece

조카가 몇 살이에요? Jokaga myeot ssarieyo? How old is your nephew?

jokkeon 조건 /조껀/ [條 item + 件 condition] NOUN = condition

조건 없이 제안을 받아들일게요. Jokkeon eopssi jeaneul badadeurilkkeyo. I’ll accept the offer without conditions.

jolda 졸다 VERB = doze off

내가 잠깐 졸았나 봐. Naega jamkkan joranna bwa. I guess I fell asleep for a second or two.

jollida 졸리다 [졸다 doze off + 리 passive suffix] VERB = feel sleepy

저는 책만 읽으면 졸려요. Jeoneun chaengman ilgeumyeon jollyeoyo. Reading a book makes me sleepy.

*jom 좀 ADVERB

1 = a little, a moment (SYN. 조금 II)

할 일이 좀 남았어요. Hal riri jom namasseoyo. I have a few things that need to be done.

2 = please

5층 좀 눌러 주시겠어요? O cheung jom nulleo jusigesseoyo? Would you please push the 5th floor for me?

jomiryo 조미료 [調 adjust + 味 taste + 料 material → something added to food to adjust its taste] NOUN = seasoning (SYN. 양념)

저희 식당에서는 음식에 조미료를 넣지 않습니다. Jeohi sikttangeseoneun eumsige jomiryoreul neochi ansseumnida. We don’t use MSG in our foods.

NOTE: Basically 양념 and 조미료 have the same meaning: seasoning. But in many cases, 조미료 means MSG.

jomyeong 조명 [照 light up + 明 clear] NOUN = lighting

저는 이 영화의 조명을 담당하고 있습니다. Jeoneun i yeonghwae jomyeongeul damdanghago itsseumnida. I’m in charge of lighting for this movie.

jondaenmal 존댓말 /존댄말/ [尊 respect + 待 treat + ㅅ infix + 말 word → words that show repect] NOUN = honorific (ANT. 반말)

저는 아직도 엄마한테 존댓말을 쓰지 않아요. Jeoneun ajiktto eommahante jondaenmareul sseuji anayo. I still don’t use the honorific to my mom.

jong 종 [鐘 bell] NOUN = bell

종이 울릴 때까지 앉아 계세요. Jongi ullil ttaekkaji anja gyeseyo. Please have a seat until the bell rings.

jongeobwon 종업원 /종어붠/ [從 serve + 業 work + 員 person] NOUN = employee, worker (SYN. 직원)

대학교 때 저는 잠깐 식당 종업원으로 일했어요. Daehakkkyo ttae jeoneun jamkkan sikttang jongeobwoneuro ilhaesseoyo. I worked in a restaurant for a while in college.

NOTE: 종업원 usually refers to lower class workers who work in a service industry, e.g., a restaurant or a hotel.

jonggyo 종교 [宗 essence + 敎 teach → teachings about the essence of human life] NOUN = religion

저는 종교가 없어요. Jeoneun jonggyoga eopsseoyo. I have no religion.

jonggyojeok 종교적 [宗 essence + 敎 teach + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = religious

종교적인 신념 때문에 입대를 거부하는 사람들이 있어요. Jonggyojeogin sinnyeom ttaemune ipttaereul geobuhaneun saramdeuri isseoyo. Some people refuse to join the army based on their religious convictions.

jonghap(ada) 종합 (하다) [綜 collect + 合 join] I NOUN = synthesis, generalization II VERB = synthesize, put together

이번 대회에서 저희 팀이 종합 우승을 했어요. Ibeon daehoeeseo jeohi timi jongha buseungeul haesseoyo. Our team won the championship in this competition.

*jongi 종이 NOUN = paper

각 학생들은 종이 한 장을 받게 될 겁니다. Ga kakssaengdeureun jongi han jangeul batkke doel keomnida. Each student will be given a sheet of paper.

jongikeop 종이컵 [종이 paper + 컵 cup] NOUN = paper cup

환경을 위해 종이컵 사용을 줄입시다. Hwangyeongeul wihae jongikeop ssayongeul juripssida. Let’s reduce the use of paper cups for the environment.

jongil 종일 [終 end + 日 day → from the beginning, till the end of the day] ADVERB = all day long

오늘 하루 종일 농구를 했어요. Oneul haru jongil nonggureul haesseoyo. I played basketball all day long.

jongjong 종종 [種 class + 種 class] ADVERB = sometimes, occasionally

저는 일 때문에 해외에 종종 나가요. Jeoneun il ttaemune haeoee jongjong nagayo. My work sometimes takes me overseas.

jongnyu 종류 /종뉴/ [種 class + 類 similar] NOUN = kind, sort, type

어떤 종류의 향수를 찾고 계십니까? Eotteon jongnyue hyangsureul chatkko gyesimnikka? What kind of perfume are you looking for?

jongyeong(hada) 존경 (하다) [尊 respect + 敬 respect] I NOUN = respect, esteem II VERB = respect, esteem

한국에서 선생님들은 많은 존경을 받아요. Hangugeseo seonsaengnimdeureun maneun jongyeongeul badayo. There is a lot of respect for teachers in Korea.

jonjae(hada) 존재 (하다) [存 exist + 在 exist] I NOUN = existence II VERB = exist (SYN. 있다¹ 1)

나는 생각한다. 그러므로 나는 존재한다. Naneun saenggakanda. Geureomeuro naneun jonjaehanda. I think, therefore I am.

jonjung(hada) 존중 (하다) [尊 respect + 重 important] I NOUN = respect II VERB = respect, honor

다른 사람의 사생활을 존중해야 해요. Dareun sarame sasaenghwareul jonjunghaeya haeyo. We should respect others’ private lives.

jopida 좁히다 /조피다/ [좁다 narrow + 히 causative suffix] VERB = narrow

우리는 의견 차를 좁히는 데 실패했다. Urineu nuigyeon chareul jopineun de silpaehaettta. We failed to narrow the differences in our opinions.

joptta 좁다 /좁따/ ADJECTIVE = narrow, small (ANT. 넓다)

세 식구가 살기에는 집이 좀 좁은 것 같아요. Se sikkkuga salgieneun jibi jom jobeun geot gatayo. I think this house is too small for three people to live in.

*joreop(ada) 졸업 (하다) /조럽, 조러파다/ [卒 finish + 業 work → the act of finishing one’s study] I NOUN = graduation (ANT. 입학) II VERB = graduate (ANT. 입학하다)

졸업하고 나면 뭐 할 거예요? Joreopago namyeon mwo hal kkeoyeyo? What are you going to do after you graduate from school?

joreuda 조르다¹ VERB = tighten, choke

범인은 자신이 점원을 목 졸라 죽였다고 말했습니다. Beomineun jasini jeomwoneul mok jolla jugyeotttago malhaetsseumnida. The culprit said he strangled the clerk to death.

joreuda 조르다² VERB = pester, nag

아들 녀석이 장난감을 사 달라고 자꾸 졸라요. Adeul nyeoseogi jangnankkameul sa dallago jakku jollayo. My son keeps pestering me to buy him a toy.

joreum 졸음 /조름/ [졸 doze off (from 졸다) + 음 nominal suffix] NOUN = sleepiness

점심을 많이 먹었더니 졸음이 와요. Jeomsimeul mani meogeottteoni joreumi wayo. I feel drowsy after having a big lunch.

josa(hada) 조사 (하다) [調 examine + 査 examine] I NOUN = investigation, survey II VERB = investigate

그 사건은 현재 조사 중입니다. Geu sakkeoneun hyeonjae josa jungimnida. The case is under investigation.

josang 조상 [祖 grandfather + 上 upper] NOUN = ancestor

제사는 조상을 기념하는 의식입니다. Jesaneun josangeul ginyeomhaneu nuisigimnida. Jesa is a memorial service for one’s ancestors.

josim(hada) 조심 (하다) [操 take + 心 heart → the act of taking your heart not to make a mistake] I NOUN = care, caution (SYN. 주의) II VERB = watch out, be careful (SYN. 주의하다)

깨진 유리 조각 밟지 않게 조심해. Kkaejin yuri jogak bapjji anke josimhae. Be careful not to step on the broken glass.

머리 조심 meori josim Watch your head!

josimseureoptta 조심스럽다 /조심스럽따/ [操 take + 心 heart + 스럽다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = careful

깨지기 쉬우니까 조심스럽게 다루어 주세요. Kkaejigi swiunikka josimseureopkke darueo juseyo. Please handle this with care as it is fragile.

*jota 좋다 /조타/ ADJECTIVE

1 = good, fine (ANT. 나쁘다)

좋은 생각이야! Joeun saenggagiya! That’s a good idea!

2 = fond (ANT. 싫다 2)

여자 친구가 그리 좋아? Yeoja chinguga geuri joa? Do you like your girlfriend that much?

*joyonghada 조용하다 ADJECTIVE = silent, quiet (ANT. 시끄럽다)

조용한 데 가서 얘기 좀 하자. Joyonghan de gaseo yaegi jom haja. Let’s have a talk in a quiet place.

joyonghi 조용히 [조용 silent (from 조용하다) + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = silently, quietly

문을 조용히 닫아 주세요. Muneul joyonghi dada juseyo. Please close the door quietly.

*ju 주¹ [週 week] DEPENDENT NOUN = week

다음 주까지 끝낼게요. Daeum jjukkaji kkeunnaelkkeyo. I’ll finish it by next week.

ju 주² [主 main] DETERMINER = main (SYN. 주요)

운동 부족은 비만의 주 원인 중 하나예요. Undong bujogeun bimane ju wonin jung hanayeyo. Lack of exercise is one of the main causes of obesity.

jubang 주방 [廚 kitchen + 房 room] NOUN = kitchen (SYN. 부엌)

주방에서 맛있는 냄새가 나요. Jubangeseo madinneun naemsaega nayo. There’s a delicious smell in the kitchen.

jubu 주부 [主 host + 婦 wife] NOUN = housewife

주부가 노는 사람인 줄 알아요? Jubuga noneun saramin jul arayo? Do you think housewives play and do nothing?

jubyeon 주변 [周 circle + 邊 side] NOUN = surroundings (SYN. 주위)

주변에 사람이 많아서 통화하기 곤란해요. Jubyeone sarami manaseo tonghwahagi gollanhaeyo. I can’t talk on the phone now because there are lots of people around.

jucha(hada) 주차 (하다) [駐 stop + 車 car → the act of stopping the car and have it stay that way for a while] I NOUN = parking II VERB = park

주차 금지 jucha geumji No parking

여기에 주차하시면 안 됩니다. Yeogie juchahasimyeon an doemnida. You can’t park here.

juchajang 주차장 [駐 stop + 車 car + 場 place] NOUN = parking lot

이곳은 고객 전용 주차장이에요. Igoseun gogaek jjeonyong juchajangieyo. This parking lot is for customers only.

*juda 주다¹ VERB = give (ANT. 받다)

생각할 시간을 좀 더 주세요. Saenggakal ssiganeul jom deo juseyo. Give me a little more time to think about it.

*juda 주다² AUXILIARY VERB = do as a favor

와 주셔서 고맙습니다. Wa jusyeoseo gomapsseumnida. Thank you for coming.

이 일은 비밀로 해 주세요. I ireun bimillo hae juseyo. Please keep this secret.

NOTE: The auxiliary verb 주다 appears as - 아/어/여 주다 after a verb. It signifies taking on an action for someone.

jueojida 주어지다 [주어 give (from 주다) + 지 다 become] VERB = be given

주어진 시간 내에 문제를 다 풀어야 합니다. Jueojin sigan naee munjereul da pureoya hamnida. You should solve all the questions within the time set.

jugeo 주거 [住 live + 居 stay → place where you live and stay] NOUN = dwelling, residence

다음 시간에는 한국의 주거 문화에 대해 공부하겠습니다. Daeum siganeneun hanguge jugeo munhwae daehae gongbuhagetsseumnida. We’ll study about Korea’s housing culture next time.

jugeum 죽음 /주금/ [죽 die (from 죽다) + 음 nominal suffix] NOUN = death (SYN. 사망)

한국에서는 빨간색이 죽음을 상징해요. Hangugeseoneun ppalgansaegi jugeumeul sangjinghaeyo. In Korea, red symbolizes death.

jugida 죽이다 /주기다/ [죽다 die + 이 causative suffix] VERB = kill (ANT. 살리다)

누나는 벌레 한 마리도 못 죽이는 사람이에요. Nunaneun beolle han marido mot jjugineun saramieyo. My sister wouldn’t hurt a fly.

jugobattta 주고받다 /주고받따/ [주고 give (from 주다) + 받다 take] VERB = exchange

우리는 20년 동안 이메일을 주고받아 왔어요. Urineun isip nyeon ttongan imeireul jugobada wasseoyo. We’ve exchanged e-mails for twenty years.

jugwanjeok 주관적 [主 host + 觀 see + 的 of → based on your own view as a host] NOUN, DETERMINER = subjective (ANT. 객관적)

개인의 주관적인 판단은 때때로 위험합니다. Gaeine jugwanjeogin pandaneun ttaettaero wiheomhamnida. An individual’s subjective judgment is sometimes dangerous.

jui(hada) 주의 (하다) /주이 (하다) / [注 pour + 意 intention] I NOUN = care, caution (SYN. 조심)

II VERB = beware, be careful (SYN. 조심하다, 유의 하다)

계단 주의 gyedan jui Warning: Steps Ahead

*juin 주인 [主 host + 人 people] NOUN = owner, master, landlord

이 차 주인 되세요? I cha juin doeseyo? Are you the owner of this car?

juingong 주인공 [主 host + 人 people + 公 sir → main character who hosts a performance] NOUN = main character, protagonist

걔는 만화 주인공처럼 생겼어. Gyaeneun manhwa juingongcheoreom saenggyeosseo. He looks like a cartoon character.

jujang(hada) 주장 (하다) [主 main + 張 spread → the act of spreading one’s main idea] I NOUN = assertion, opinion II VERB = insist, maintain

그 사람은 자신에게 죄가 없다고 주장했어요. Geu sarameun jasinege joega eopttago jujanghaesseoyo. He maintained his innocence.

juje 주제 [主 main + 題 question] NOUN = subject, topic

이 소설의 주제는 용서예요. I soseore jujeneun yongseoyeyo. The topic of this novel is forgiveness.

jujeoantta 주저앉다 /주저안따/ VERB = drop down, flop down

차가운 바닥에 주저앉지 마. Chagaun badage jujeoanjji ma. Don’t sit on the cold floor.

jujeonja 주전자 [酒 liquor + 煎 simmer in water + 子 thing → a thing that keeps liquor in it simmer in water] NOUN = kettle

엄마, 주전자 물 끓어요. Eomma, jujeonja mul kkeureoyo. Mom, the kettle is boiling.

juk 죽¹ [粥 rice porridge] NOUN = rice porridge

입맛이 없을 때는 죽이 아주 좋아요. Immasi eopsseul ttaeneun jugi aju joayo. Rice porridge is excellent for when you have no appetite.

IDIOM

sigeun jung meokkki 식은 죽 먹기 = a piece of cake (SYN. 땅 짚고 헤엄 치기, 누워서 떡 먹기)

이 일은 식은 죽 먹기야. I ireun sigeun juk meokkkiya. This is a piece of cake.

juk 죽² ADVERB = straight

죽 가서 왼쪽으로 도세요. Juk kkaseo oenjjogeuro doseyo. Go straight and turn left.

juktta 죽다¹ /죽따/ VERB = die (SYN. 숨지다,

사망하다; ANT. 살다)

제 가장 친한 친구는 3년 전에 교통사고로 죽었어요. Je gajang chinhan chinguneun sam nyeon jeone gyotongsagoro jugeosseoyo. My best friend died in a car accident three years ago.

juktta 죽다² /죽따/ AUXILIARY VERB = die, be dying to do

웃겨서 죽을 뻔했어. Utkkyeoseo jugeul ppeonhaesseo. I almost died laughing.

그 사람이 보고 싶어 죽을 것 같아요. Geu sarami bogo sipeo jugeul kkeot gatayo. I’m dying to see him.

NOTE: The auxiliary verb 죽다 appears as - 아/어/여 죽다 after an adjective. It signifies that a certain state or feeling is very intense.

jul 줄¹ NOUN, DEPENDENT NOUN

1 = line, row

어서 가서 줄을 서는 게 좋겠어. Eoseo gaseo jureul seoneun ge jokesseo. I think we should go ahead and get in line.

마지막 줄을 잘 읽어 봐. Majimak jureul jal rilgeo bwa. Read the last line carefully.

2 = string, cord, line

바이올린은 줄이 네 개야. Baiollineun juri ne gaeya. A violin has four strings.

NOTE: The dependent noun 줄 is used after pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …).

jul 줄² DEPENDENT NOUN = way

영어 할 줄 아세요? Yeongeo hal jjul aseyo? Can you speak English?

NOTE: 줄 combines with the adnominal endings, - ㄴ/은, - 는, - ㄹ/을 after a verb/adjective. It is usually followed by 알다 or 모르다.

julda 줄다 VERB = decrease (SYN. 감소하다; ANT. 늘다 1)

최근에 몸무게가 15킬로 줄었어요. Choegeune mommugega sibo killo jureosseoyo. I lost fifteen kilograms recently.

julgeori 줄거리 NOUN = summary, outline, synopsis

이 책의 줄거리를 쓰시오. I chaege julgeorireul sseusio. Write an outline of this book.

julgi 줄기 NOUN = stem, stalk

대부분의 식물은 뿌리와 줄기, 잎을 가지고 있다. Daebubune singmureun ppuriwa julgi, ipeul gajigo ittta. Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves.

julgot 줄곧 ADVERB = continuously, all the time (SYN. 계속, 내내)

버스 정류장에서부터 여기까지 줄곧 뛰어 왔어요. Beoseu jeongnyujangeseobuteo yeogikkaji julgot ttwieo wasseoyo. I ran all the way from the bus stop to here.

julmuni 줄무늬 /줄무니/ [줄 line + 무늬 pattern → a pattern of straight lines] NOUN = stripes

이 줄무늬 넥타이는 어때? I julmuni nektaineun eottae? What about this tie with stripes?

*jumal 주말 [週 week + 末 end → the end of the week] NOUN = weekend

주말에 주로 뭐 하세요? Jumare juro mwo haseyo? What do you usually do on weekends?

jumeok 주먹 NOUN = fist

주먹을 꽉 쥐어 보세요. Jumeogeul kkwak jjwieo boseyo. Make a tight fist.

jumeoni 주머니 NOUN = pocket

주머니에 손을 넣고 인사하지 마라. Jumeonie soneul neoko insahaji mara. Don’t greet with your hands in your pocket.

jumin 주민 [住 live + 民 people] NOUN = resident, inhabitant

이 동네 주민이세요? I dongne juminiseyo? Are you a local resident?

jumindeungnokjjeung 주민등록증 /주민등 녹쯩/ [住 live + 民 people + 登 write + 錄 record + 證 prove] NOUN = ID (card)

주민등록증 좀 보여 주세요. Jumindeungnokjjeung jom boyeo juseyo. Can you show me your ID?

jumindeungnokppeonho 주민등록번호 /주민등녹뻔호/ [主 host + 民 people + 登 write + 錄 record + 番 number + 號 number] NOUN = resident registration number

주민등록번호를 입력해 주세요. Jumindeungnokppeonhoreul imnyeokae juseyo. Please enter your resident registration number.

jumun(hada) 주문 (하다) [注 pour + 文 writing] I NOUN = order II VERB = order

주문하시겠습니까? Jumunhasigetsseumnikka? Are you ready to order?

jumusida 주무시다 VERB = sleep (honorific of 자다)

안녕히 주무셨어요? Annyeonghi jumusyeosseoyo? Did you have a good sleep?

*junbi(hada) 준비 (하다) [準 prepare + 備 equip] I NOUN = preparation II VERB = prepare

여행 준비는 다 했어? Yeohaeng junbineun da haesseo? Have you finished preparing for the trip?

junbidoeda 준비되다 [準 prepare + 備 equip + 되다 become] VERB = be prepared, be ready

출발할 준비됐어요. Chulbalhal jjunbidwaesseoyo. I’m ready to leave.

junbimul 준비물 [準 prepare + 備 equip + 物 thing] NOUN = preparation material

엄마가 매일 아침 준비물 챙기는 거 도와주세요. Eommaga maeil achim junbimul chaeng gineun geo dowajuseyo. Mom helps me pack my school bag every morning.

jung 중 [中 among] DEPENDENT NOUN

1 = during

수업 중에 떠들지 마라. Sueop jjunge tteodeulji mara. Don’t talk during class.

2 = among, out of

이 중에서 하나를 고르세요. I jungeseo hana reul goreuseyo. Pick one out of these.

jungang 중앙 [中 middle + 央 center] NOUN = the middle (SYN. 가운데)

우리 자리는 앞쪽 중앙이야. Uri jarineun apjjok jungangiya. Our seats are front and center.

jungdaehada 중대하다 [重 important + 大 big + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = important, serious (ANT. 사소하다)

이 일은 저에게 아주 중대한 문제예요. I ireun jeoege aju jungdaehan munjeyeyo. This is very important to me.

jungdan(hada) 중단 (하다) [中 middle + 斷 cut → the cutting of something in the midst] I NOUN = halt, interruption II VERB = stop, halt (ANT. 계속하다)

잠시 하던 일 중단하고 이쪽으로 와 보세요. Jamsi hadeon il jungdanhago ijjogeuro wa boseyo. Stop your work for a moment and come here.

jungdandoeda 중단되다 [中 middle + 斷 cut + 되다 become] VERB = be stopped

비가 와서 게임이 중단됐어요. Biga waseo geimi jungdandwaesseoyo. The game was interrupted by rain.

jungdok 중독 [中 middle + 毒 poison] NOUN = addiction

알코올 중독이 그 사람 인생을 망쳐 버렸어요. Alkool jungdogi geu saram insaengeul mangcheo beoryeosseoyo. Alcoholism ruined his life.

jungdokttoeda 중독되다 /중독뙤다/ [中 middle + 毒 poison + 되다 become] VERB = be addicted to

컴퓨터 게임에 중독된 청소년들이 많아요. Keompyuteo geime jungdokttoen cheongsonyeon deuri manayo. Many teenagers are addicted to computer games.

jungeoldaeda 중얼대다 = 중얼거리다 jung-eolgeorida

jungeolgeorida 중얼거리다 VERB = mutter, murmur

혼자 중얼거리지 말고 크게 말해 봐. Honja jungeolgeoriji malgo keuge malhae bwa. Stop muttering and speak out loud.

junggan 중간 [中 medium + 間 among] NOUN = the middle, medium (SYN. 가운데)

제 성적은 반에서 중간 정도예요. Je seongjeogeun baneseo junggan jeongdoyeyo. My grades are about average in my class.

*junggugeo 중국어 /중구거/ [中 middle + 國 country + 語 language] NOUN = Chinese language

대학 다닐 때 중국어를 배웠어요. Daehak danil ttae junggugeoreul baewosseoyo. I learned Chinese at university.

junggugin 중국인 /중구긴/ [中 middle + 國 country + 人 people] NOUN = Chinese

저는 중국인 학생들한테 한국어를 가르치고 있어요. Jeoneun junggugin hakssaengdeulhante hangugeoreul gareuchigo isseoyo. I teach Korean to Chinese students.

*jungguk 중국 [中 middle + 國 country] NOUN = China

중국은 매우 큰 해외 시장이에요. Jung-gugeun maeu keun haeoe sijangieyo. China is a huge overseas market.

junggukjjip 중국집 /중국찝/ [中 middle + 國 country + 집 house → house that sells Chinese food] NOUN = Chinese restaurant

점심때 중국집 갈까? Jeomsimttae junggukjjip galkka? How about having lunch at a Chinese restaurant?

junggye(hada) 중계 (하다) [中 medium + 繼 continue] I NOUN = (radio/TV) transmission (shortened form of 중계방송) II VERB = broadcast, televise

저는 야구 중계는 안 빼고 봐요. Jeoneun yagu junggyeneun an ppaego bwayo. I never miss baseball games on TV.

junggyebangsong 중계방송 [中 medium + 繼 continue + 放 release + 送 send] NOUN = (radio/TV) transmission

오늘은 축구 중계방송 때문에 드라마를 안 해요. Oneureun chukkku junggyebangsong ttaemune deuramareul an haeyo. A soccer game will be broadcast instead of the regular drama today.

*junghakkkyo 중학교 /중학꾜/ [中 middle + 學 study + 校 school] NOUN = junior high school, middle school

저는 중학교 교사입니다. Jeoneun junghakkkyo gyosaimnida. I teach at a junior high school.

*junghakssaeng 중학생 /중학쌩/ [中 middle + 學 study + 生 people] NOUN = junior high school student

저는 중학생일 때 지각을 참 많이 했어요. Jeoneun junghakssaengil ttae jigageul cham mani haesseoyo. When I was in middle school, I was often late to class.

jungnyeon 중년 [中 middle + 年 age] NOUN = middle age

이 술집에는 중년 남성들이 많이 옵니다. I suljjibeneun jungnyeon namseongdeuri mani omnida. Many of the customers in this bar are middle-aged men.

jungsihada 중시하다 [重 important + 視 see + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = put stress on

우리 회사는 학력보다 실력을 중시합니다. Uri hoesaneun hangnyeokppoda sillyeogeul jung-sihamnida. Our company values ability more than academic titles.

jungsik 중식 [中 China + 食 meal] NOUN = Chinese food

중식 좋아하세요? Jungsik joahaseyo? Do you enjoy Chinese food?

jungsim 중심 [中 middle + 心 center] NOUN = center, the middle

제 삶의 중심은 일이에요. Je salme jung-simeun irieyo. The center of my life is my job.

jungsimji 중심지 [中 middle + 心 core + 地 place] NOUN = center, hub, capital

인천은 무역의 중심지예요. Incheoneun muyeoge jungsimjiyeyo. Incheon is the center of trade.

jungsogieop 중소기업 [中 middle + 小 small + 企 plan + 業 business] NOUN = small and mediumsized businesses (ANT. 대기업)

저희 은행은 중소기업들에게 많은 혜택을 제공하고 있습니다. Jeohi eunhaengeun jungso gieoptteurege maneun hyetaegeul jegonghago itsseumnida. Our bank offers a lot of benefits to small companies.

jungsun 중순 [中 middle + 旬 ten days] NOUN = the middle ten days of a month

올해 장마는 6월 중순에 시작해서 7월 초에 끝날 것으로 예상됩니다. Olhae jangma neun yu wol jungsune sijakaeseo chil wol choe kkeunnal kkeoseuro yesangdoemnida. We forecast that this year’s rainy season will start in mid-June and end early July.

jungyohada 중요하다 [重 important + 要 necessary + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = important

최선을 다하는 것보다 중요한 것은 없죠. Choeseoneul dahaneun geotppoda jungyohan geoseun eopjjyo. Nothing is more important than doing your best.

jungyosseong 중요성 /중요썽/ [重 important + 要 necessary + 性 nature] NOUN = importance

교육의 중요성은 아무리 강조해도 부족합니다. Gyoyuge jungyosseongeun amuri gang johaedo bujokamnida. You can’t exaggerate the importance of education.

junyeon 주년 [周 week + 年 year] DEPENDENT NOUN = anniversary (unit of counting how many years have passed after a certain time)

오늘은 저희의 결혼 20주년 기념일이에요. Oneureun jeohie gyeolhon isip jjunyeon ginyeomirieyo. Today is our 20th wedding anniversary.

NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 주년.

juptta 줍다 /줍따/ VERB = pick up

주변에 있는 쓰레기를 주워서 휴지통에 버려라. Jubyeone inneun sseuregireul juwoseo hyujitonge beoryeora. Pick up the garbage around you and throw it in the garbage bin.

jureodeulda 줄어들다 /주러들다/ VERB = decrease, shrink (ANT. 늘어나다 2)

농촌의 인구는 계속 줄어들고 있어요. Nongchone inguneun gyesok jjureodeulgo isseoyo. The rural population continues to shrink.

jureum 주름 NOUN = wrinkle, crease

목에 생기는 주름은 감출 수가 없어요. Moge saenggineun jureumeun gamchul ssuga eopsseoyo. You can’t conceal the wrinkles on your neck.

jureumssal 주름살 /주름쌀/ [주름 wrinkle + 살 flesh] NOUN = face wrinkle

요즘 주름살 때문에 고민이에요. Yojeum jureumssal ttaemune gominieyo. I’m distressed about my wrinkles.

jurida 줄이다 /주리다/ [줄다 decrease + 이 causative suffix] VERB = reduce, lessen (ANT. 늘리 다 1)

너무 빨라요. 속도 좀 줄여요. Neomu ppallayo. Soktto jom juryeoyo. It’s too fast. Slow down!

juro 주로 [主 main + 로] ADVERB = mostly, mainly

저희 가게의 손님은 주로 외국인이에요. Jeohi gagee sonnimeun juro oeguginieyo. Our customers are mostly foreigners.

jusa 주사 [注 pour + 射 shoot] NOUN = injection, shot

주사 놓게 소매를 걷어 주세요. Jusa noke somaereul geodeo juseyo. Pull up your sleeve for a shot.

*juseu 주스 [from English juice] NOUN = juice

무슨 주스 마실래? Museun juseu masillae? What kind of juice do you want?

jusik 주식 [株 plant + 式 rule] NOUN = stock, share

들리는 얘기로는 그 사람 주식으로 돈을 엄청나게 벌었대요. Deullineu nyaegironeun geu saram jusigeuro doneul eomcheongnage beoreotttaeyo. Rumor has it that he made a big fortune on the stock market.

*juso 주소 [住 live + 所 place → place you live] NOUN = address

메일 주소가 어떻게 되세요? Meil jusoga eotteoke doeseyo? Could you give me your e-mail address, please?

jutaek 주택 [住 live + 宅 house] NOUN = house, housing (SYN. 집)

저는 아파트가 일반 주택보다 살기 편할 거라고 생각해요. Jeoneun apateuga ilban jutaekppoda salgi pyeonhal kkeorago saenggakaeyo. I think a condominium is more convenient to live in than a detached house.

juwi 주위 [周 circle + 圍 surround] NOUN = surroundings (SYN. 주변)

수영장 주위를 뛰어다니면 안 돼. Suyeongjang juwireul ttwieodanimyeon an dwae. You shouldn’t run around the pool.

juyo 주요 [主 main + 要 necessary] DETERMINER = main, major

우리 회사는 외국인이 많기 때문에 의사소통이 주요 문제예요. Uri hoesaneun oegugini manki ttaemune uisasotongi juyo munjeyeyo. Because there are lots of foreigners in our company, communication is the main problem.

juyuso 주유소 [注 pour + 油 gasoline + 所 place → a place where that you fill up your car with gasoline] NOUN = gas station

다음 주유소에서 잠깐 차를 세우는 게 좋겠어요. Daeum juyusoeseo jamkkan chareul seuneun ge jokesseoyo. We’d better stop at the next station.

jwaseok 좌석 [座 seat + 席 seat] NOUN = seat (SYN. 자리 1)

오늘 공연에 좌석이 얼마나 남아 있어요? Oneul gongyeone jwaseogi eolmana nama isseoyo? How many seats are available for today’s performance?

jwau 좌우 [左 left + 右 right] NOUN = left and right

길 건너기 전에 좌우를 잘 살펴라. Gil geonneogi jeone jwaureul jal salpyeora. Look both ways before crossing a road.

jwi 쥐 NOUN = rat, mouse

아무래도 천장에 쥐가 있는 거 같아. Amuraedo cheonjange jwiga inneun geo gata. I think there are mice in my ceiling.

jwida 쥐다 VERB = hold, clasp

손에 쥐고 있는 게 뭐니? Sone jwigo inneun ge mwoni? What’s that in your hand?

jyae 쟤 = shortened form of 저 애

NOTE: 얘, 걔, and 쟤 are respectively shortened from 이 아이 (this kid), 그 아이 (that kid), and 저 아이 (that kid). But in conversation, they are often used between friends.

*jyo 죠 [지 final ending + 요 honorific particle] ENDING = shortened form of 지요