J

ja 자¹ NOUN = ruler

자로 길이를 한번 재 보세요. Jaro girireul hanbeon jae boseyo. Use a ruler to measure the length.

ja 자² INTERJECTION = come on

자, 이제 가자. Ja, ije gaja. Come on, let’s go!

*ja 자³ ENDING = propositive ending

나가서 뭐 좀 먹자. Nagaseo mwo jom meokjja. Let’s go out and eat something.

jabadanggida 잡아당기다 /자바당기다/ [잡 아 hold (from 잡다) + 당기다 pull] VERB = pull, draw (SYN. 끌어당기다)

옷 좀 그만 잡아당겨. Ot jjom geuman jabadanggyeo. Stop tugging on my clothes.

jabusim 자부심 [自 by oneself + 負 carry on one’s back + 心 heart] NOUN = pride, self-esteem

아버지는 교사로서 자부심이 강한 분이에요. Abeojineun gyosaroseo jabusimi ganghan bunieyo. My father takes pride in being a teacher.

jache 자체 [自 by oneself + 體 body] NOUN = itself

노래 자체는 좋은데, 가수가 별로야. Norae jacheneun joeunde, gasuga byeolloya. I like the song itself, but not the singer.

*jada 자다 VERB = sleep

어제는 아파서 일찍 잤어요. Eojeneun apaseo iljjik jjasseoyo. I was sick last night so I went to bed early.

jadong 자동 [自 by oneself + 動 move] NOUN = automatic action

설치는 자동으로 될 겁니다. Seolchineun jadongeuro doel keomnida. It will be automatically installed.

*jadongcha 자동차 [自 by oneself + 動 move + 車 vehicle → a vehicle that moves by itself ] NOUN = car, automobile

자동차에 또 문제가 있어요? Jadongchae tto munjega isseoyo? Do you have problems with your car again?

jaechaegi(hada) 재채기 (하다) I NOUN = sneeze II VERB = sneeze

하루 종일 재채기가 멈추지를 않아요. Haru jongil jaechaegiga meomchujireul anayo. I’ve been sneezing all day.

jaeda 재다 VERB = take, measure, weigh

매일 몸무게를 재고 기록해 두세요. Maeil mommugereul jaego girokae duseyo. Weigh yourself every day and keep a record of it.

jaehak 재학 [在 exist + 學 study] NOUN = being in school

저는 고등학교 2학년에 재학 중입니다. Jeoneun godeunghakkkyo i hangnyeone jaehak jungimnida. I’m in the second year of high school.

jaehwaryong(hada) 재활용 (하다) /재화룡 (하다) / [再 double + 活 apply + 用 use] I NOUN = recycling II VERB = recycle

재활용하려면 병의 상표를 떼야 해. Jae hwaryongharyeomyeon byeonge sangpyoreul tteya hae. You need to get the labels off the bottles before recycling them.

jaehwaryongpum 재활용품 /재화룡품/ [再 double + 活 apply + 用 use + 品 item] NOUN = recyclable materials

재활용품은 따로 내놓으셔야 해요. Jaehwaryongpumeun ttaro naenoeusyeoya haeyo. You should put out the recyclable materials separately.

jaejangnyeon 재작년 /재장년/ [再 double + 昨 yesterday + 年 year] NOUN = the year before last

저는 재작년 겨울에 결혼했어요. Jeoneun jaejangnyeon gyeoure gyeolhonhaesseoyo. I got married the winter before last.

jaejeu 재즈 [from English jazz] NOUN = jazz

재즈는 저한테 너무 어려워요. Jaejeuneun jeohante neomu eoryeowoyo. Jazz is too difficult for me.

jaeju 재주 NOUN = talent, skill, knack (SYN. 재능)

쟤는 사람을 웃게 하는 재주가 있어. Jyae neun sarameul utkke haneun jaejuga isseo. He has a knack for making people laugh.

jaemi 재미 NOUN = fun, interest

그냥 재미로 읽고 있어요. Geunyang jaemiro ilkko isseoyo. I’m just reading it for fun.

jaemieoptta 재미없다 /재미업따/ [재미 fun + 없다 no] ADJECTIVE = boring, dull (ANT. 재미있다)

솔직히 나는 그 영화 별로 재미없었어. Soljjiki naneun geu yeonghwa byeollo jaemieopsseosseo. To tell the truth, I didn’t enjoy the movie much.

*jaemiittta 재미있다 /재미읻따/ [재미 fun + 있다 exist] ADJECTIVE = fun, funny (ANT. 재미없다)

신문에 재미있는 거 났어? Sinmune jaemiinneun geo nasseo? Is there anything interesting in the newspaper?

jaemittta 재밌다 /재믿따/ = shortened form of

재미있다 jaemiittta

jaeneung 재능 [才 gift + 能 able] NOUN = talent, gift (SYN. 재주)

따님은 음악에 타고난 재능이 있습니다. Ttanimeun eumage tagonan jaeneungi itsseumnida. Your daughter has a natural talent for music.

jaepan 재판 [裁 judge + 判 judge] NOUN = trial

다음 재판 날짜는 언제인가요? Daeum jaepan naljjaneun eonjeingayo? When is the next trial?

jaeppalli 재빨리 ADVERB = quickly, rapidly

사람들은 재빨리 화재 현장을 벗어났다. Saramdeureun jaeppalli hwajae hyeonjangeul beoseonattta. People quickly evacuated from the scene of the fire.

jaeryo 재료 [材 material + 料 material] NOUN = material, ingredient

집에 김밥 만들 재료는 충분히 있어? Jibe gimbap mandeul jaeryoneun chungbunhi isseo? Do you have enough ingredients for gimbap at home?

jaesaeng(hada) 재생 (하다) [再 again + 生 life → the act of giving life to something again] I NOUN = recycling; VERB = recycle, reclaim

이 박스는 재생 가능해요? I bakseuneun jaesaeng ganeunghaeyo? Is this box recyclable?

II NOUN = playback; VERB = play (back)

재생 버튼을 눌러 봐. Jaesaeng beoteuneul nulleo bwa. Press the play button.

jaesan 재산 [財 wealth + 産 property] NOUN = property, wealth

그렇게 엄청난 재산을 어떻게 모으셨어요? Geureoke eomcheongnan jaesaneul eotteoke moeusyeosseoyo? How did you build such great wealth?

jaesu 재수 [財 wealth + 數 number] NOUN = luck, fortune (SYN. 운)

이번 주는 일주일 내내 재수가 없어요. Ibeon jjuneun iljjuil naenae jaesuga eopsseoyo. I’ve had bad luck throughout the week.

jaeuda 재우다 VERB = let sb sleep

아기가 잠을 안 잘 때 어떻게 재우세요? Agiga jameul an jal ttae eotteoke jaeuseyo? How do you get your baby to sleep when she doesn’t want to?

jagajida 작아지다 /자가지다/ [작아 small (from 작다) + 지다 become] VERB = become small (ANT. 커지다)

아무 이유 없이 화면의 글자가 작아졌어요. Amu iyu eopssi hwamyeone geuljjaga jagajeosseoyo. The letters on the monitor appear small for no reason.

jagayong 자가용 [自 by oneself + 家 house + 用 use] NOUN = (one’s own) car

나는 자가용이 두 대 있다. Naneun jagayongi du dae ittta. I have two cars.

jageop(ada) 작업 (하다) /자겁, 자거파다/ [作 make + 業 work] I NOUN = work, job II VERB = work

작업한 거 저장하는 거 잊지 마. Jageopan geo jeojanghaneun geo itjji ma. Make sure to save your work.

jageuk(ada) 자극 (하다) [刺 prick + 戟 spear] I NOUN = stimulation, stimulus II VERB = stimulate

때를 밀면 피부를 자극할 수 있으니 목욕은 하지 마세요. Ttaereul milmyeon pibureul jageukal ssu isseuni mogyogeun haji maseyo. Don’t take a bath because scrubbing off dirt can irritate the skin.

jageunadeul 작은아들 /자그나들/ [작은 small (from 작다) + 아들 son] NOUN = one’s younger son

큰아들은 선생이고, 작은아들은 공무원이에요. Keunadeureun seonsaengigo, jageunadeureun gongmuwonieyo. My older son is a teacher, and my younger son is a public official.

jageunttal 작은딸 /자근딸/ [작은 small (from 작다) + 딸 daughter] NOUN = one’s younger daughter

작은딸은 아직 시집을 안 갔어요. Jageunt tareun ajik sijibeul an gasseoyo. My little daughter isn’t married yet.

jagi 자기 [自 by oneself + 己 body] PRONOUN = oneself (자신¹)

자기 운명은 자기가 만들어 나가는 거예요. Jagi unmyeongeun jagiga mandeureo naganeun geoyeyo. We make our own destiny.

jagyeok 자격 [資 property + 格 form → a property required to fulfill the form] NOUN = qualification

회원이 되려면 어떤 자격이 있어야 합니까? Hoewoni doeryeomyeon eotteon jagyeogi isseoya hamnikka? What are the qualifications for becoming a member?

jagyeokjjeung 자격증 /자격쯩/ [資 property + 格 form + 證 prove] NOUN = certificate, license

저는 수학 교사 자격증이 있어요. Jeoneun suhak kkyosa jagyeokjjeungi isseoyo. I have a certification as a math teacher.

jagyong(hada) 작용 (하다) /자굥 (하다) / [作 make + 用 use] I NOUN = action, effect II VERB = act, work

당신이 하는 말은 당신에게 불리하게 작용할 수 있습니다. Dangsini haneun mareun dangsinege bullihage jagyonghal ssu itsseumnida. Anything you say could be used against you.

*jajangmyeon 자장면 [from Chinese Zhajiangmian

炸醬麵] NOUN = jajangmyeon (Chinese noodle)

점심 때 자장면 시켜 먹자. Jeomsim ttae jajangmyeon sikyeo meokjja. Let’s order jajangmyeon for lunch.

NOTE: 자장면 is a noodle dish that mixes ground pork, onion, and zucchini with Chinese sauce. Along with 짬뽕, this is one of the most popular Chinese dishes in Korea.

jajeong 자정 [子 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. + 正 correct → the exact middle of 11 p.m. through 1 a.m.] NOUN = midnight (ANT. 정오)

자정이 넘으면 기본 요금이 오릅니다. Jajeongi neomeumyeon gibon yogeumi oreumnida. The minimum fare rises after midnight.

*jajeongeo 자전거 [自 by oneself + 轉 roll + 車 vehicle → a vehicle that keeps rolling] NOUN = bicycle, bike

공원에 자전거 타러 갈까? Gongwone jajeongeo tareo galkka? Why don’t we go biking in the park?

jajonsim 자존심 [自 by oneself + 尊 respect + 心 heart → a heart that respects yourself] NOUN = self-esteem, pride

내 말 때문에 자존심 상했어? Nae mal ttaemune jajonsim sanghaesseo? Did I hurt your pride?

*jaju 자주 ADVERB = often, frequently (SYN. 수시로)

여기 자주 와? Yeogi jaju wa? Do you come here often?

jakkka 작가 /작까/ [作 make + 家 expert → an expert of writing who makes a living from it] NOUN = writer, author

황석영은 살아 있는 가장 뛰어난 한국 작가 중 한 사람이야. Hwangseogyeongeun sara inneun gajang ttwieonan hanguk jjakkka jung han saramiya. Hwang sok-yong is one of the greatest living writers of Korea.

jakku 자꾸 ADVERB = repeatedly, often

아기가 자꾸 울어서 데리고 나왔어요. Agiga jakku ureoseo derigo nawasseoyo. My baby keeps crying, so I took her out.

jakkuman 자꾸만 = 자꾸 jakku

jakpum 작품 [作 make + 品 item] NOUN = work (of art)

그의 작품은 다른 언어로 번역하기가 쉽지 않아요. Geue jakpumeun dareu neoneoro beonyeokagiga swipjji anayo. It’s not easy to translate his works into a different language.

jaksseong(hada) 작성 (하다) /작썽 (하다) / [作 make + 成 accomplish] I NOUN = drawing up

II VERB = make out, write, draw up

이 서류를 작성해 주세요. I seoryureul jaksseonghae juseyo. Fill out this form, please.

*jaktta 작다 /작따/ ADJECTIVE = small, little

사실 이 셔츠는 저한테 너무 작아요. Sasil i syeocheuneun jeohante neomu jagayo. Actually, this shirt is too small for me.

*jal 잘 ADVERB

1 = well

엄마는 피아노를 잘 치세요. Eommaneun pianoreul jal chiseyo. Mom is good at playing the piano.

2 = often

걔는 엉뚱한 질문을 잘 해. Gyaeneun eongttunghan jilmuneul jal hae. He often asks off-the-wall questions.

jaldoeda 잘되다 [잘 well + 되다 become] VERB = go well (ANT. 안되다¹)

걱정 마. 다 잘될 거야. Geokjjeong ma. Da jaldoel kkeoya. Don’t worry. Everything will be okay.

*jalhada 잘하다 [잘 well + 하다 do] VERB = do sth well (ANT. 못하다²)

그 사람은 정말 말을 잘해요. Geu sarameun jeongmal mareul jalhaeyo. He is such a smooth talker.

jallada 잘나다 /잘라다/ ADJECTIVE = good, distinguished

그 여자는 자기가 잘난 줄 알아. Geu yeojaneun jagiga jallan ju rara. She thinks she is somebody.

NOTE: 잘나다 is usually used when you make sarcastic comments about someone.

jallida 잘리다 VERB = be cut off

왜 메일을 보낼 때 마지막 줄이 늘 잘리는 거죠? Wae meireul bonael ttae majimak juri neul jallineun geojyo? Why does the last line get cut off whenever I send an e-mail?

jalmot 잘못¹ /잘몯/ ADVERB = wrong, wrongly

전화 잘못 거셨어요. Jeonhwa jalmot kkeosyeosseoyo. You called the wrong number.

jalmot(ada) 잘못²(하다) /잘몯, 잘모타다/ I NOUN = fault, mistake II VERB = make a mistake, make an error

모두 제 잘못이에요. Modu je jalmosieyo. It’s all my fault.

잘못해서 컴퓨터가 꺼졌어요. Jalmotaeseo keompyuteoga kkeojeosseoyo. The computer was turned off by mistake.

jalmotttoeda 잘못되다 /잘몯뙤다/ [잘못 wrong + 되다 become] VERB = go wrong

또 뭐가 잘못됐나요? Tto mwoga jalmotttwaennayo? What else is wrong?

jalsaenggida 잘생기다 [잘 well + 생기다 look like] ADJECTIVE = good-looking, handsome (ANT. 못 생기다)

여자들은 잘생긴 남자보다 재미있는 남자를 더 좋아한다. Yeojadeureun jalsaenggin namjaboda jaemiinneun namjareul deo joahanda. Women like humorous guys better than good-looking guys.

jalsalda 잘살다 [잘 well + 살다 live] VERB = be rich

어릴 때는 잘사는 친구들이 부러웠어요. Eoril ttaeneun jalsaneun chingudeuri bureowosseoyo. When young, I envied rich friends.

*jam 잠 [자 sleep (from 자다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = sleep

어젯밤에 잠을 잘 못 자서 졸려요. Eojeppame jameul jal mot jjaseo jollyeoyo. I didn’t sleep well last night and I’m sleepy.

jamae 자매 [姉 elder sister + 妹 youger sister] NOUN = sisters

그 둘은 마치 자매 같아. Geu dureun machi jamae gata. Those two girls look like sisters.

jamdeulda 잠들다 [잠 sleep + 들다 fall] VERB = go to sleep, fall asleep

저는 가끔 책을 읽다 잠들어요. Jeoneun gakkeum chaegeul iktta jamdeureoyo. Sometimes I fall asleep while reading.

jamgeuda 잠그다 VERB = lock, turn off, fasten

깜빡하고 물을 안 잠갔어요. Kkamppakago mureul an jamgasseoyo. I forgot to turn off the water.

jamgida 잠기다¹ VERB = be locked

문이 모두 잠겼는지 확인했어? Muni modu jamgyeonneunji hwaginhaesseo? Did you check that all the doors were locked?

jamgida 잠기다² VERB

1 = sink, be submerged

이 동네에는 홍수가 나면 물에 잠기는 집들이 많아요. I dongneeneun hongsuga namyeon mure jamgineun jiptteuri manayo. Many houses in this neighborhood are easily flooded.

2 = be absorbed in

키우던 고양이가 죽어서 딸아이는 슬픔에 잠겨 있어요. Kiudeon goyangiga jugeoseo ttaraineun seulpeume jamgyeo isseoyo. My daughter is lost in sorrow because her cat died.

*jamjada 잠자다 [잠 sleep + 자다 sleep] VERB = sleep

잠자기 전에 이 닦아라. Jamjagi jeone i dakkara. Brush your teeth before going to bed.

jamjari 잠자리¹ NOUN = dragonfly

어릴 때 주말이면 잠자리를 잡으면서 시간을 보냈어요. Eoril ttae jumarimyeon jamjarireul jabeumyeonseo siganeul bonaesseoyo. When I was a kid, I spent my weekends catching dragonflies.

jamjjari 잠자리² /잠짜리/ [잠 sleep + 자리 seat] NOUN = bed, sleeping place

저는 잠자리가 바뀌면 잠을 잘 못 자요. Jeoneun jamjjariga bakkwimyeon jameul jal mot jjayo. I can’t sleep well when it is not my bed.

NOTE: Be careful of the pronunciation. If you pronounce 잠자리 as / 잠자리 jamjari /, it means dragonfly.

*jamkkan 잠깐 NOUN, ADVERB = (for) a moment (SYN. 잠시)

잠깐이면 되는데 얘기 좀 할 수 있을까요? Jamkkanimyeon doeneunde yaegi jom hal ssu isseulkkayo? Can we talk? It won’t take long.

엄마, 잠깐 이리 좀 와 보세요. Eomma, jamkkan iri jo mwa boseyo. Mom, come here for a minute.

jamot 잠옷 /자몯/ [잠 sleep + 옷 clothes → clothes you sleep in] NOUN = sleepwear

결혼하기 전에는 잠옷을 입고 자 본 적이 없어요. Gyeolhonhagi jeoneneun jamoseul ipkko ja bon jeogi eopsseoyo. I've never worn a nightdress to bed until I got married.

*jamsi 잠시 [暫 short time + 時 time] NOUN, ADVERB = (for) a moment (SYN. 잠깐)

잠시 후에 다시 올게요. Jamsi hue dasi olkkeyo. I’ll come back in a minute.

잠시 실례할게요. Jamsi sillyehalkkeyo. Excuse me for a moment.

*jan 잔 [盞 cup] NOUN, DEPENDENT NOUN = cup, glass (SYN. 컵)

모두 잔을 듭시다. Modu janeul deupssida. Raise your glasses!

커피 한 잔 주세요. Keopi han jan juseyo. A cup of coffee, please.

NOTE: 잔 and 컵 are usually interchangeable. However, for coffee or alcoholic beverages, you say 잔 and not 컵. Both can be used as a dependent noun, preceded by pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯).
물 한 잔(O)/컵(O) mul han jan/keop = a cup of water
커피 한 잔(O)/컵(X)

janchi 잔치 NOUN = party, feast (SYN. 파티)

아버지의 환갑 잔치를 뷔페 식당에서 할 생각이에요. Abeojie hwangap janchireul bwipe sikttangeseo hal ssaenggagieyo. I’m going to celebrate my father’s 60th birthday at a buffet.

NOTE: 파티 often refers to a Western-style party and 잔치 refers to a traditional Korean feast. So if you say 환갑 파티, it will sound awkward.

jandi 잔디 NOUN = grass, lawn

잔디 위에 그냥 앉지 마. Jandi wie geunyang anjji ma. Don’t just sit on the grass.

jandibat 잔디밭 /잔디받/ [잔디 grass + 밭 field] NOUN = lawn

잔디밭에 들어가지 마시오. Jandibate deureogaji masio. Keep off the grass.

jandon 잔돈 [殘 remain + 돈 money → money that remains after payment] NOUN = change

여기 잔돈 있습니다. Yeogi jandon itsseumnida. Here is your change.

jane 자네 PRONOUN = you

자네만 믿어. Janeman mideo. I’m entrusting everything to you.

NOTE: 자네 is used to address the other party in conversation, particularly someone who is under you in rank or age, while showing some respect for him/her. For example, parents-in-law often use 자네 to their son-in-law.

*jang 장¹ [張 spread] DEPENDENT NOUN = sheet, page (unit of counting paper)

벌써 달력을 한 장 넘겨야 할 때야. Beolsseo dallyeogeul han jang neomgyeoya hal ttaeya. It’s time to turn the page of the calendar already.

NOTE: Put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …) before 장.

jang 장² [章 writing] DEPENDENT NOUN = chapter

지난 시간에 몇 장까지 했었죠? Jinan sigane myeot jjangkkaji haesseotjjyo? What chapter were we on last time?

NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 장.

jangae 장애 [障 block + 碍 obstacle] NOUN = disability, obstacle

서비스에 어떠한 장애도 있어서는 안 된다. Seobiseue eotteohan jangaedo isseoseoneun an doenda. There should be no interruption in service.

jangaein 장애인 [障 block + 碍 obstacle + 人 people → people who struggle against obstacles that block their lives] NOUN = the disabled

장애인 전용 주차 구역 jangaein jeonyong jucha guyeok a handicapped parking spot

jangbi 장비 [裝 decorate + 備 equip] NOUN = equipment, apparatus

저희 병원은 최신 장비를 갖추고 있습니다. Jeohi byeongwoneun choesin jangbireul gatchugo itsseumnida. Our hospital has the latest equipment.

jangga 장가 NOUN = (men’s) marriage (ANT. 시집¹ 2)

어른들은 남자는 장가를 가야 진짜 어른이 된다고 생각해요. Eoreundeureun namjaneun janggareul gaya jinjja eoreuni doendago saenggakaeyo. Older people say that a man isn’t truly grown up until he gets married.

janggagada 장가가다 [장가 marriage + 가다 go] VERB = get married, take a wife (ANT. 시집가다)

요즘에 시골 총각들은 장가가기 힘들어요. Yojeume sigol chonggaktteureun janggagagi himdeureoyo. These days, single men in rural areas have difficulties finding wives.

janggap 장갑 [掌 palm + 匣 case → a case for protecting your palm] NOUN = gloves

설거지할 때는 꼭 장갑을 껴라. Seolgeojihal ttaeneun kkok janggabeul kkyeora. Make sure to put on gloves when you do the dishes.

janggun 장군 [將 general + 軍 military] NOUN = general, admiral

이순신 장군은 16세기 말에 나라를 구한 위대한 인물입니다. Isunsin jangguneun simnyuk ssegi mare narareul guha nwidaeha ninmurimnida. Admiral Yi Sun-shin is a great man who saved our country in the late 16th century.

janghakkkeum 장학금 /장학끔/ [奬 encourage + 學 study + 金 money → money to encourage somebody to study harder] NOUN = scholarship

어머니는 제가 장학금을 받은 걸 자랑스럽게 생각하세요. Eomeonineun jega janghakkkeumeul badeun geol jarangseureopkke saenggakaseyo. My mother is proud that I won a scholarship.

jangin 장인 [丈 senior + 人 man] NOUN = one’s wife’s father (ANT. 장모)

저는 제 장인 어른을 존경합니다. Jeoneun je jangi neoreuneul jongyeonghamnida. I admire my father-in-law.

NOTE: You should call your 장인 장인 어른 or 아버님.

jangjjeom 장점 /장쩜/ [長 good + 點 point] NOUN = advantage, merit (ANT. 단점)

본인의 장점들을 얘기해 보세요. Bonine jangjjeomdeureul yaegihae boseyo. Please tell us your strengths.

jangma 장마 NOUN = rainy season

저는 여름은 좋아하지만 장마는 싫어요. Jeoneun yeoreumeun joahajiman jangmaneun sireoyo. I like summer, but not the monsoon season.

*jangmi 장미 [薔 rose + 薇 rose] NOUN = rose

첫 결혼 기념일에는 아내에게 장미 한 송이를 사 줬어요. Cheot kkyeolhon ginyeomireneun anaeege jangmi han songireul sa jwosseoyo. I gave my wife a rose for our first wedding anniversary.

jangmo 장모 [丈 senior + 母 mother] NOUN = one’s wife’s mother (ANT. 장인)

아이는 장모님이 봐 주고 계세요. Aineun jangmonimi bwa jugo gyeseyo. My mother-in-law takes care of my child.

NOTE: You should call your 장모 장모님 or 어머님.

jangmyeon 장면 [場 place + 面 face] NOUN = scene

영화‘올드보이’의 첫 장면은 아주 인상적이었어요. Yeonghwa oldeuboie cheot jjangmyeoneun aju insangjeogieosseoyo. The first scene of the movie Old Boy was very striking.

jangnae 장래 /장내/ [將 in the future + 來 come] NOUN = future, prospect

장래 희망이 뭐니? Jangnae himangi mwoni? What do you want to be in the future?

jangnam 장남 [長 first + 男 son → the first-born son] NOUN = the oldest son (SYN. 큰아들)

우리 신랑도 장남이에요. Uri sillangdo jangnamieyo. My husband is also the eldest son in his family.

jangnan(hada) 장난 (하다) I NOUN = fun, joke, prank II VERB = play tricks

화내지 마. 장난이었어. Hwanaeji ma. Jangnanieosseo. Don’t be mad. I did it for fun.

jangnankkam 장난감 /장난깜/ [장난 fun + 감] NOUN = toy

장난감 매장이 어디죠? Jangnankkam maejangi eodijyo? Where is the toy department?

jangneu 장르 /장느/ [from French genre] NOUN = genre

장르에 상관없이 재미있는 책을 추천해 줘. Jangneue sanggwaneopssi jaemiinneun chaegeul chucheonhae jwo. Can you recommend to me an interesting book regardless of its genre?

*jangnyeon 작년 /장년/ [昨 yesterday + 年 year] NOUN = last year (SYN. 지난해)

옛날엔 담배를 피웠는데 작년에 끊었어요. Yennaren dambaereul piwonneunde jangnyeone kkeuneosseoyo. I used to smoke, but I quit last year.

jangnyesik 장례식 /장녜식/ [葬 funeral + 禮 courtesy + 式 ceremony] NOUN = funeral (ceremony)

저희 할머니 장례식에 와 주셔서 감사합니다. Jeohi halmeoni jangnyesige wa jusyeoseo gamsahamnida. Thank you for coming to my grandmother’s funeral.

jangsa(hada) 장사 (하다) I NOUN = commerce, business II VERB = sell, run a store

장사는 잘 되세요? Jangsaneun jal doeseyo? How’s business?

jangsik(ada) 장식 (하다) [裝 decorate + 飾 decorate] I NOUN = ornament, decoration II VERB = decorate (SYN. 꾸미다 1)

이 방의 장식은 내 취향하고 안 맞아. I bange jangsigeun nae chwihyanghago an maja. This room is not decorated to my taste.

*jangso 장소 [場 place + 所 place] NOUN = place, spot

가방을 보관할 만한 장소가 있을까요? Gabangeul bogwanhal manhan jangsoga isseulkkayo? Do you know a place where I can keep my bag?

jantteuk 잔뜩 ADVERB = to the full, very

저녁을 잔뜩 먹었더니 소화가 안 돼. Jeonyeogeul jantteung meogeottteoni sohwaga an dwae. I have digestion trouble because I had a big dinner.

janyeo 자녀 [子 son + 女 daughter] NOUN = children, sons and daughter (SYN. 자식)

자녀들은 몇 살입니까? Janyeodeureun myeot ssarimnikka? How old are your children?

NOTE: It’s better to use 자식 to your own children, and 자녀 to other people’s children.

japan 자판 [字 letter + 板 board → a board that has multiple letters on it] NOUN = keyboard (SYN. 키보드)

자판에 물을 쏟아서 고장 났어요. Japane mureul ssodaseo gojang nasseoyo. I spilled water on the keyboard and it’s not working now.

japangi 자판기 [自 by oneself + 販 sell + 機 machine → a machine that sells products by itself] NOUN = vending machine (abbreviation of 자동판매기)

자판기에서 커피 한 잔 뽑아 줄래? Japangieseo keopi han jan ppoba jullae? Could you get me a cup of coffee from the vending machine?

japida 잡히다 /자피다/ [잡다 catch + 히 passive suffix] VERB

1 = be grabbed, be caught

사람들 말로는 여기에서 고기가 잘 잡힌대요. Saramdeul malloneun yeogieseo gogiga jal japin daeyo. People say this spot is good for fishing.

2 = be set, be fixed

오늘은 하루 종일 회의가 잡혀 있어요. Oneureun haru jongil hoeiga japyeo isseoyo. I have meetings all day long.

*japjji 잡지 /잡찌/ [雜 mix + 誌 record → a publication that includes a mix of articles, stories, and photographs] NOUN = magazine, journal

그 잡지는 얼마나 자주 나오죠? Geu japjjineun eolmana jaju naojyo? How often does the magazine come out?

*japtta 잡다 /잡따/ VERB

1 = hold, catch

내가 서 있는 동안 이 의자 좀 잡아 줄래? Naega seo inneun dongan i uija jom jaba jullae? Can you hold this chair while I stand on it?

2 = set, fix, appoint

결혼식 날짜는 잡았어? Gyeolhonsing naljjaneun jabasseo? Did you fix the date for the wedding?

jarada 자라다 VERB = grow (up) (SYN. 크다 II)

저는 시골에서 자랐어요. Jeoneun sigoreseo jarasseoyo. I grew up in the countryside.

jaranada 자라나다 VERB = grow (up) (SYN. 자 라다)

비가 오고 나서 풀이 많이 자라났어요. Biga ogo naseo puri mani jaranasseoyo. Grass grew after the rain.

jarang(hada) 자랑 (하다) I NOUN = boast

II VERB = boast, show off

그 사람은 늘 자기 자식 자랑을 해요. Geu sarameun neul jagi jasik jjarangeul haeyo. He always brags about his children.

jarangseureoptta 자랑스럽다 /자랑스럽따/ [자랑 boast + 스럽다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = proud

저는 우리 엄마가 자랑스러워요. Jeoneun uri eommaga jarangseureowoyo. I am proud of my mom.

jareuda 자르다 VERB = cut, snip

머리를 자를 때가 된 것 같아요. Meorireul jareul ttaega doen geot gatayo. I think it’s time to get a haircut.

* jari 자리 NOUN

1 = seat (SYN. 좌석)

여기 자리 있어요? Yeogi jari isseoyo? Is this seat taken?

2 = room, space

더 이상 자리가 없어요. Deo isang jariga eopsseoyo. There’s no more space.

jaryo 자료 [資 property + 料 material] NOUN = material, data

그 안에 중요한 자료가 들어 있니? Geu ane jungyohan jaryoga deureo inni? Does it have important materials in it?

jasal(hada) 자살 (하다) [自 by oneself + 殺 kill] I NOUN = suicide II VERB = commit suicide

국민들은 노무현 전 대통령의 자살에 매우 큰 충격을 받았다. Gungmindeureun nomuhyeon jeon daetongnyeonge jasare maeu keun chunggyeogeul badattta. People were deeply shocked by former President Roh Moo-hyun’s suicide.

jase 자세 [姿 posture + 勢 feature] NOUN = posture, attitude

자세가 나빠서 쉽게 피로를 느끼는 거야. Jasega nappaseo swipkke piroreul neukkineun geoya. You get tired easily because you have bad posture.

jasehada 자세하다 [仔 detailed + 細 exquisite + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = detailed

자세한 얘기는 이따 만나서 하자. Jaseha nyaegineun itta mannaseo haja. Let’s talk about the details when we meet later.

jasehi 자세히 [仔 detailed + 細 exquisite + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = in detail

제가 할 일에 대해 좀 더 자세히 알고 싶어요. Jega hal rire daehae jom deo jasehi algo sipeoyo. I’d like to know more about what kind of work I will be doing.

jasik 자식 [子 son + 息 child] NOUN = child, sons and daughters

그 사람은 하루 종일 자기 자식 걱정뿐이야. Geu sarameun haru jongil jagi jasik kkeokjjeongppuniya. He worries about his children 24 hours a day.

NOTE: Don’t use 자식 when you refer to other people’s children. It can sound offensive. Instead 자녀 is the appropriate word for other people’s children.

jasin 자신¹ [自 by oneself + 身 body] NOUN = oneself (SYN. 자기, 스스로 2)

사람들은 의외로 자신에 대해 잘 모른다. Saramdeureun uioero jasine daehae jal moreunda. People know surprisingly little about themselves.

jasin(hada) 자신²(하다) [自 by oneself + 信 believe] I NOUN = confidence II VERB = be confident, have confidence

자신 있어? Jasin isseo? Are you confident?

jasingam 자신감 [自 by oneself + 信 believe + 感 feel] NOUN = (feeling of) confidence

걔는 늘 자신감이 넘쳐요. Gyaeneun neul jasingami neomcheoyo. He’s always full of confidence.

jattta 잦다 /잗따/ ADJECTIVE = frequent

외국 출장이 얼마나 잦은지 알고 싶습니다. Oeguk chuljjangi eolmana jajeunji algo sipsseumnida. I’d like to know how frequent overseas business trips are going to be.

jawon 자원 [資 property + 源 source] NOUN = resources

우리나라는 자원이 부족합니다. Urinaraneun jawoni bujokamnida. My country is poor in resources.

jayeon 자연 [自 by oneself + 然 so] NOUN = nature

우리는 미래를 위해 자연을 보존할 의무가 있습니다. Urineun miraereul wihae jayeoneul bojonhal ruimuga itsseumnida. We have the responsibility to preserve nature for the future.

jayeonjeok 자연적 [自 by oneself + 然 so + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = natural

문제는 자연적으로 해결될 거예요. Munjeneun jayeonjeogeuro haegyeoldoel kkeoyeyo. The problem will resolve itself.

jayeonseureoptta 자연스럽다 /자연스럽따/ [自 by onself + 然 so + 스럽다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = natural

섹스는 정상적이고 자연스러운 겁니다. Sekseuneun jeongsangjeogigo jayeonseureoun geomnida. Sex is a normal, natural thing.

jayu 자유 [自 by oneself + 由 do] NOUN = freedom, liberty

우리나라는 종교의 자유가 있습니다. Urinaraneun jonggyoe jayuga itsseumnida. There is freedom of religion in my country.

jayuroptta 자유롭다 /자유롭따/ [自 by oneself + 由 do + 롭다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = free, liberal

자유롭게 질문해 주세요. Jayuropkke jilmunhae juseyo. Ple ase feel free to ask questions.

* je 제¹ PRONOUN = I (humble word of 내²)

제가 차로 모셔다 드릴까요? Jega charo mo syeoda deurilkkayo? Can I give you a ride?

NOTE: When 저 combines with the particle - 가, it turns into 제 and results in 제가.

* je 제² = shortened form of 저의

제 답이 왜 틀렸어요? Je dabi wae teullyeosseoyo? Why is my answer wrong?

jean(hada) 제안 (하다) [提 carry + 案 idea] I NOUN = suggestion, offer II VERB = suggest, offer

제 제안에 대해 생각해 보셨어요? Je jeane daehae saenggakae bosyeosseoyo? Have you thought about my proposal?

jebal 제발 ADVERB = please

제발 좀 서둘러. Jebal jom seodulleo. Please, hurry.

jebeop 제법 ADVERB = pretty, fairly

이제 일이 제법 손에 익었어요. Ije iri jebeop sone igeosseoyo. I’ve gotten quite used to the work now.

jechul(hada) 제출 (하다) [提 carry + 出 come out] I NOUN = submission II VERB = submit, hand in

리포트 언제까지 제출해야 해요? Ripoteu eonjekkaji jechulhaeya haeyo? When is the paper due?

jedae(hada) 제대 (하다) [除 remove + 隊 army → removal from the army] I NOUN = discharge (from) II VERB = be discharged

언제 제대했어요? Eonje jedaehaesseoyo? When were you discharged?

jedaero 제대로 ADVERB = properly, right

일 좀 제대로 해! Il jom jedaero hae! Do it right!

jegeo(hada) 제거 (하다) [除 remove + 去 go] I NOUN = removal II VERB = remove, get rid of (SYN. 없애다)

집에 있는 먼지를 제거하려면 어떻게 해야 하나요? Jibe inneun meonjireul jegeoharyeomyeon eotteoke haeya hanayo? How can I remove dust in the house?

jegong(hada) 제공 (하다) [提 carry + 供 offer] I NOUN = offer II VERB = offer

저희는 아침 식사를 무료로 제공합니다. Jeohineun achim sikssareul muryoro jegonghamnida. We offer complimentary breakfast.

jehan(hada) 제한 (하다) [制 cut + 限 limit] I NOUN = limit II VERB = limit

죄송하지만 손님 짐이 무게 제한을 넘었습니다. Joesonghajiman sonnim jimi muge jehaneul neomeotsseumnida. I’m sorry. Your luggage is over the weight limit.

*jeil 제일 [第 order + 一 one] I NOUN = the first, the most (SYN. 최고)

감기에 걸렸을 때는 쉬는 게 제일이야. Gamgie geollyeosseul ttaeneun swineun ge jeiriya. Rest is the best cure for cold.

II ADVERB = most, best (SYN. 가장²)

저는 스포츠 중에서 야구를 제일 좋아해요. Jeoneun seupocheu jungeseo yagureul jeil joahaeyo. I like baseball best of all sports.

jeja 제자 [弟 younger brother + 子 person] NOUN = student, disciple

그분은 제자들에게 대단히 존경을 받고 있습니다. Geubuneun jejadeurege daedanhi jongyeongeul batkko itsseumnida. He is highly respected by his pupils.

jejak(ada) 제작 (하다) [製 manufacture + 作 make] I NOUN = production II VERB = produce (SYN. 만들다)

감독 말로는 그 영화를 제작하는 데 5년이 걸렸대요. Gamdok malloneun geu yeonghwareul jejakaneun de o nyeoni geollyeotttaeyo. According to the director, it took five years to make the movie.

jejari 제자리 [제 + 자리 seat] NOUN = the original place

제자리로 돌아가서 하던 일 계속하세요. Jejariro doragaseo hadeon nil gyesokaseyo. Return to your place and get back to work.

jemok 제목 [題 topic + 目 article] NOUN = title

아, 이 노래 아는데, 제목을 잊어버렸어. A, i norae aneunde jemogeul ijeobeoryeosseo. Oh, I know this song, but I don’t remember its title.

jeo 저¹ PRONOUN = I (humble word of 나¹)

내일 아침 일곱 시에 저 좀 깨워 주세요. Naeil achim ilgop ssie jeo jom kkaewo juseyo. Please wake me up at seven tomorrow morning.

NOTE: When 저 combines with the particle - 가, it turns into 제 and results in 제가.

*jeo 저² DETERMINER = that

너 저 남자 알아? Neo jeo namja ara? Do you know that man?

NOTE: To check out the difference among 이, 그, and 저, see the note on 이² i.

jeo 저³ INTERJECTION = well, um (SYN. 저기²)

저, 뭐 하나 부탁 드려도 될까요? Jeo, mwo hana butak deuryeodo doelkkayo? Um, can I ask you a favor?

jeobeon 저번 [저 that + 番 time] NOUN = the last time, the other day (SYN. 지난번)

저번 시간에 선생님이 출석 불렀어? Jeobeon sigane seonsaengnimi chulsseok bulleosseo? Did the teacher call the roll last time?

jeochuk(ada) 저축 (하다) [貯 store + 蓄 store] I NOUN = saving, savings, deposit II VERB = save, deposit

지금 저축을 안 하면 나중에 후회할 거야. Jigeum jeochugeul an hamyeon najunge huhoehal kkeoya. You will be sorry later if you don’t save money now.

jeoe(hada) 제외 (하다) [除 remove + 外 outside] I NOUN = exclusion, exception (ANT. 포함) II VERB = exclude, leave out (SYN. 빼다 2; ANT. 포함하다)

우리 가게는 현충일만 제외하고 365일 문을 엽니다. Uri gageneun hyeonchungilman jeoehago sambaeknyukssibo il muneul yeomnida. Our store is open every day of the year except Memorial Day.

jeoedoeda 제외되다 [除 remove + 外 outside + 되다 become] VERB = be excluded (ANT. 포함되다)

박지성은 발목 부상으로 이번 경기에서 제외되었어요. Bakjjiseongeun balmok ppusangeuro ibeon gyeonggieseo jeoedoeeosseoyo. Ji-sung Park was taken out of this match because of an ankle injury.

jeoge 저게 = shortened form of 저것이 저게 뭐지? Jeoge mwoji? What’s that?

*jeogeo 저거 = colloquial word of 저것 jeogeot

jeogeodo 적어도 /저거도/ ADVERB = at least (SYN. 최소한)

예약을 취소하실 때는 적어도 하루 전에 알려 주세요. Yeyageul chwisohasil ttaeneun jeogeodo haru jeone allyeo juseyo. Please let us know at least one day before if you want to cancel the reservation.

*jeogeot 저것 /저걷/ PRONOUN = that

저것 좀 봐. Jeogeot jjom bwa. Look at that.

jeogeung(hada) 적응 (하다) /저긍 (하다) / [適 suit + 應 answer] I NOUN = adaptation II VERB = adapt (oneself) to

대학 생활에 적응하는 데 시간이 걸렸어요. Daehak ssaenghware jeogeunghaneun de sigani geollyeosseoyo. It took me a while to adjust to college life.

*jeogi 저기¹ PRONOUN, ADVERB = there

저기가 우리 집이야. Jeogiga uri jibiya. That’s my house.

저기 두세요. Jeogi duseyo. Please put it there.

jeogi 저기² INTERJECTION = I say, well, um (SYN. 저³)

저기, 혹시 저 아세요? Jeogi, hokssi jeo aseyo? Excuse me, do you know me?

*jeogot 저곳 /저곧/ [저 that + 곳 place] PRONOUN = there, that place (SYN. 저기¹)

저곳에서 뭐 하고 있었니? Jeogoseseo mwo hago isseonni? What were you doing over there?

jeogyong(hada) 적용 (하다) /저굥 (하다) / [適 suit + 用 use] I NOUN = application II VERB = apply (sth)

우리 학교는 규칙을 엄격하게 적용한다. Uri hakkkyoneun gyuchigeul eomkkyeokage jeogyonghanda. Our school rules are strictly applied.

jeogyongdoeda 적용되다 /저굥되다/ [適 suit + 用 use + 되다 become] VERB = apply (to)

새 업무 시간은 다음 주부터 적용됩니다. Sae eommu siganeun daeum jjubuteo jeogyongdoemnida. The new business hours will be effective from next week.

jeohi 저희 /저히/ PRONOUN = we (humble word of 우리)

저희 홈페이지를 방문해 주셔서 감사합니다. Jeohi hompeijireul bangmunhae jusyeoseo gamsahamnida. Thank you for visiting our website.

jeoja 저자 [著 write + 者 person] NOUN = author

그 책의 저자는 누구예요? Geu chaege jeojaneun nuguyeyo? Who is the author of that book?

jeojeollo 저절로 ADVERB = by itself, naturally

저절로 나을 거라고 생각했는데, 아니었어요. Jeojeollo naeul kkeorago saenggakaenneunde, anieosseoyo. I thought it might get better on its own, but it hasn’t.

jeojireuda 저지르다 VERB = commit, do (a bad act)

잘못을 저질렀으면 벌을 받아야지. Jalmoseul jeojilleosseumyeon beoreul badayaji. You should be penalized for your wrongdoings.

*jeojjok 저쪽 [저 that + 쪽 direction] PRONOUN = that way

저쪽 테이블로 옮겨도 되나요? Jeojjok teibeullo omgyeodo doenayo? Can I move to that table over there?

jeok 적¹ [敵 enemy] NOUN = enemy

적의 공격을 막아내자. Jeoge gonggyeogeul maganaeja. Let’s defend against the enemy attack.

jeok 적² DEPENDENT NOUN

1 = time

어릴 적에는 키가 작았어요. Eoril jjeogeneun kiga jagasseoyo. When I was young, I was short.

2 = experience

중국에 가 본 적 있어요? Jungguge ga bon jeo gisseoyo? Have you ever been to China?

NOTE: 적 is usually used as - ㄴ/은 적 or - ㄹ/을 적 after a verb or an adjective.

jeokapada 적합하다 /저카파다/ [適 suit + 合 suit + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = right, proper, suitable, fit (SYN. 알맞다, 적당하다, 적절 하다)

이 책은 아이들이 보기에 적합하지 않은 것 같아요. I chaegeun aideuri bogie jeokapaji aneun geot gatayo. I don’t think this book is suitable for children.

jeokida 적히다 /저키다/ [적다 write + 히 passive suffix] VERB = be written (SYN. 쓰이다²)

제 전화번호는 제 명함에 적혀 있습니다. Je jeonhwabeonhoneun je myeonghame jeokyeo itsseumnida. My card has my number on it.

jeokjjeolhada 적절하다 /적쩔하다/ [適 suit + 切 sincere + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = right, proper, appropriate (SYN. 알맞다, 적당하다, 적합하다)

적절한 예가 생각이 안 나요. Jeokjjeolhan yega saenggagi an nayo. I can’t think of an appropriate example.

*jeokkarak 젓가락 /저까락/ NOUN = chopstick

저는 젓가락 사용에 익숙해요. Jeoneun jeokkarak ssayonge ikssukaeyo. I’m used to using chopsticks.

jeokkkeukjjeok 적극적 /적끅쩍/ [積 pile up + 極 extreme + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = active, aggressive (ANT. 소극적)

자신이 적극적이라고 생각하세요? Jasini jeokkkeukjjeogirago saenggakaseyo? Do you consider yourself aggressive?

jeoksseong 적성 /적썽/ [適 suit + 性 nature → someone’s nature that decides the suitablity of that person to a certain job] NOUN = aptitude

이 일은 제 적성에 잘 맞아요. I ireun je jeoksseonge jal majayo. This job suits me well.

*jeoktta 적다¹ /적따/ VERB = write, note (SYN. 쓰다³)

수표 뒤에 계좌 번호를 적어 주세요. Supyo dwie gyejwa beonhoreul jeogeo juseyo. Please write your account number on the back of the check.

NOTE: 쓰다 and 적다 are interchangeable in many cases. But because the 적다 focuses on the action of jotting down something, 소설을 쓰 다 (to write a novel) or 편지를 쓰다 (to write a letter) is more natural than 소설을 적다, 편지 를 적다.

*jeoktta 적다² /적따/ ADJECTIVE = few, little, small (ANT. 많다)

생각한 것보다 비용이 적게 들었어요. Saenggakan geotppoda biyongi jeokkke deureosseoyo. It cost less than I thought.

jeokttanghada 적당하다 /적땅하다/ [適 suit + 當 suitable + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = moderate, suitable (SYN. 알맞다, 적절하다, 적합하다)

우리 집은 두 사람 살기에 적당해요. Uri jibeun du saram salgie jeokttanghaeyo. My house is just right for two people to live in.

jeokttanghi 적당히 /적땅히/ [適 suit + 當 suitable + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = moderately, suitably

적당히 먹고 운동하세요. Jeokttanghi meokkko undonghaseyo. Eat right and exercise.

jeol(hada) 절¹(하다) NOUN = deep bow

설날에 아이들은 어른에게 절을 합니다. Seollare aideureun eoreunege jeoreul hamnida. On New Year’s Day, children make a deep bow to the elders.

IDIOMS

eoptteuryeo jeol batkki 엎드려 절 받기 = twist someone’s arm

엎드려 절 받고 싶지는 않지만, 내 생일에 뭐 없어? Eoptteuryeo jeol batkko sipjjineun anchiman nae saengire mwo eopsseo? I don’t want to twist your arm to get a present, but didn’t you get something for my birthday?

yeopkkuri jjilleo jeol batkki 옆구리 찔러 절 받기 = 엎드려 절 받기

jeol 절² NOUN = Buddhist temple

한국에는 절이 아주 많습니다. Hangugeneun jeori aju mansseumnida. There are a lot of temples in Korea.

jeol 절³ [節 etiquette] NOUN = verse

이 노래는 2절까지 있어요. I noraeneun i jeolkkaji isseoyo. This song has two verses.

jeolban 절반 [折 break + 半 half] NOUN = half (SYN. 반¹)

책을 절반 정도 읽었어요. Chaegeul jeolban jeongdo ilgeosseoyo. I am about halfway through the book.

jeolcha 절차 [節 etiquette + 次 next] NOUN = procedure, process

수술 절차는 꽤 간단해요. Susul jeolchaneun kkwae gandanhaeyo. The procedure of the surgery is quite simple.

jeolmang(hada) 절망 (하다) [絶 never + 望 hope → the state of having no hopes left] I NOUN = despair II VERB = despair, lose hope

아직 절망하기에는 일러요. Ajik jeolmanghagieneun illeoyo. It’s too early to lose all hope.

jeolmeum 젊음 /절믐/ [젊 young (from 젊다) + 음 nominal suffix] NOUN = youth

나는 자네의 젊음이 부러워. Naneun janee jeolmeumi bureowo. I envy your youth.

jeolmeuni 젊은이 /절므니/ NOUN = young person (SYN. 청년)

해외에서 일자리를 찾는 젊은이들이 늘고 있어요. Haeoeeseo iljjarireul channeun jeolmeunideuri neulgo isseoyo. The number of young people seeking jobs overseas is increasing.

jeolttae 절대 /절때/ = 절대로 jeolttaero

jeolttaejeok 절대적 /절때적/ [絶 never + 對 face + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = absolute, unconditional (ANT. 상대적)

아름다움에는 절대적인 기준이 없는 거야. Areumdaumeneun jeolttaejeogin gijuni eomneun geoya. There is not an absolute standard for beauty.

jeolttaero 절대로 /절때로/ [絶 never + 對 face + 로] ADVERB = never (SYN. 결코)

그런 일은 절대로 없을 거야! Geureo nireun jeolttaero eopsseul kkeoya! I’m sure that’s never going to happen!

jeom 점 [點 point] I NOUN

1 = mole, birthmark

그 여자는 오른쪽 볼에 점이 있어요. Geu yeojaneun oreunjjok bore jeomi isseoyo. She has a birthmark on her right cheek.

2 = dot

글자 위에 점을 찍으려면 어떻게 해야 해요? Geuljja wie jeomeul jjigeuryeomyeon eotteoke haeya haeyo? How can I put a dot on top of a letter?

II DEPENDENT NOUN

1 = point, respect

남편은 저보다 어리지만 배울 점이 많아요. Nampyeoneun jeoboda eorijiman baeul jjeomi manayo. Although my husband is younger than me in age, I learn a lot from him.

2 = point

이번 영어 시험에서 몇 점 받았어? Ibeon yeongeo siheomeseo myeot jjeom badasseo? What did you get on the English test?

NOTE: Dependent noun 점 3, which means point, respect, combines with the adnominal endings, - ㄴ/은, - 는, - ㄹ/을 after a verb/adjective.

jeomada 저마다 ADVERB = each, respectively

사람들은 저마다 꿈이 있다. Saramdeureun jeomada kkumi ittta. Everyone has his or her own dream.

jeomcha 점차 [漸 gradually + 次 next] ADVERB = gradually (SYN. 점점, 차차 1, 차츰, 서서히)

태풍이 점차 강해지고 있어요. Taepungi jeomcha ganghaejigo isseoyo. The typhoon is increasing in strength.

jeomgeom(hada) 점검 (하다) [點 check + 檢 inspect] I NOUN = check, inspection II VERB = check, inspect

저희는 저희 제품을 정기적으로 점검하고 있습니다. Jeohineun jeohi jepumeul jeonggijeogeuro jeomgeomhago itsseumnida. We carry out regular inspection of our products.

jeomjanta 점잖다 /점잔타/ ADJECTIVE = gentle, decent

아버지는 점잖은 분이세요. Abeojineun jeomjaneun buniseyo. My dad is a decent man.

jeomjeom 점점 [漸 gradually + 漸 gradually] ADVERB = by degrees (SYN. 점차, 차차 1, 차츰, 서서히)

날씨가 점점 추워지고 있어요. Nalssiga jeomjeom chuwojigo isseoyo. It’s getting colder.

*jeomsim 점심 [點 o’clock + 心 middle → the meal you eat in the middle of the day] NOUN = lunch

점심 뭐 먹고 싶어? Jeomsim mwo meokkko sipeo? What do you want for lunch?

*jeomsimssigan 점심시간 /점심씨간/ [點 o’clock + 心 middle + 時 time + 間 during] NOUN = lunchtime, lunch break

점심시간은 몇 시부터 몇 시까지예요? Jeomsimssiganeun myeot ssibuteo myeot ssikkajiyeyo? When does lunch time start and end?

jeomsimttae 점심때 [點 o’clock + 心 middle + 때 time] NOUN = lunchtime

점심때가 벌써 지났는데 왜 이제 밥 먹어? Jeomsimttaega beolsseo jinanneunde wae ije bap meogeo? Why are you having lunch so late?

jeomssu 점수 /점쑤/ [點 point + 數 number] NOUN = score, mark

현재 점수는 4대 4예요. Hyeonjae jeomssuneun sa dae sayeyo. Now the score is tied four to four.

jeomtta 젊다 /점따/ ADJECTIVE = young, youthful

이 카페에는 젊은 연인들이 많이 와요. I kapeeneun jeolmeun nyeonindeuri mani wayo. A lot of young couples come to this café.

jeomwon 점원 /저뭔/ [店 shop + 員 person → a person who works in a shop] NOUN = clerk, shop assistance

점원 모집 jeomwon mojip Clerks Wanted

*jeon 전¹ [前 before] I NOUN = before, earlier than

전에 여기 와 본 적이 있는 것 같아. Jeone yeogi wa bon jeogi inneun geot gata. I think I’ve been here before.

어두워지기 전에 집에 가자. Eoduwojigi jeone jibe gaja. Let’s go home before dark.

II DETERMINER = former, previous

김대중 전 대통령은 2009년 사망했습니다. Gimdaejung jeon daetongnyeongeun icheongu nyeon samanghaetsseumnida. Former President Kim Dae-jung died in 2009.

jeon 전² [全 entire] DETERMINER = all, entire

인터넷 덕분에 전 세계 사람들하고 이야기할 수 있게 되었어요. Inteonet deokppune jeon segye saramdeulhago iyagihal ssu itkke doeeosseoyo. Thanks to the Internet, you can talk with people all over the world.

jeonban 전반 [全 entire + 般 general] NOUN = the whole, the all

일본의 경제 위기가 아시아 경제 전반에 영향을 미쳤다. Ilbone gyeongje wigiga asia gyeongje jeonbane yeonghyangeul micheottta. The economic crisis in Japan affected the entire Asian economy.

jeonbanjeok 전반적 [全 entire + 般 general + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = overall, general

이 식당 음식은 전반적으로 매워. I sikttang eumsigeun jeonbanjeogeuro maewo. Food in this restaurant generally tastes hot.

jeonbu 전부 [全 whole + 部 divide] NOUN, ADVERB = all (SYN. 모두, 다¹ 1)

이게 내가 가진 전부야. Ige naega gajin jeonbuya. This is all I have.

전부 잊어버려. Jeonbu ijeobeoryeo. Forget the whole thing.

jeonche 전체 [全 entire + 體 group] NOUN = the whole

전체 직원이 몇 명이에요? Jeonche jigwoni myeon myeongieyo? What’s the total size of personnel here?

jeonchejeok 전체적 [全 entire + 體 group + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = overall

저는 전체적으로 제 전공에 만족합니다. Jeoneun jeonchejeogeuro je jeongonge manjokamnida. Overall, I’m fairly happy with my major.

jeoncheol 전철 [電 electricity + 鐵 iron → an iron machine that moves by the power of electricity] NOUN = subway (SYN. 지하철)

어제 전철 역에서 지호를 만났어요. Eoje jeoncheol ryeogeseo jihoreul mannasseoyo. I met Jiho in the subway station yesterday.

jeondal(hada) 전달 (하다) [傳 convey + 達 reach] I NOUN = delivery, conveyance II VERB = deliver, convey (SYN. 전하다)

이 꽃 좀 그분한테 전달해 주시겠어요? I kkot jom geubunhante jeondalhae jusigesseoyo? Could you deliver this flower to him, please?

jeondaldoeda 전달되다 [傳 convey + 達 reach + 되다 become] VERB = be delivered, be passed on to

이 문장은 의미가 잘 전달되지 않는 것 같아. I munjangeun uimiga jal jeondaldoeji anneun geot gata. I don’t think this sentence conveys the meaning very well.

jeong 정 [情 affection] NOUN = affection

엄마는 정이 많으세요. Eommaneun jeongi maneuseyo. My mom is a warm-hearted person.

jeongae(hada) 전개 (하다) [展 advance + 開 open] I NOUN = development II VERB = develop

자신의 생각을 논리적으로 전개하는 훈련을 하세요. Jasine saenggageul nollijeogeuro jeongaehaneun hullyeoneul haseyo. Practice logically developing your thoughts.

jeongaedoeda 전개되다 [展 advance + 開 open + 되다 become] VERB = develop

얘기가 뜻밖의 방향으로 전개되고 있어요. Yaegiga tteutppakke banghyangeuro jeongaedoego isseoyo. The story is taking an unexpected turn.

jeongbandae 정반대 [正 straight + 反 reverse + 對 face → the reversed face of something] NOUN = the exact opposite (SYN. 반대 I)

호주랑 한국은 계절이 정반대야. Hojurang hangugeun gyejeori jeongbandaeya. The seasons in Australia are opposite to those in Korea.

jeongbi(hada) 정비 (하다) [整 neat + 備 prepare] I NOUN = maintenance, service II VERB = maintain, service

지금은 시스템 정비 중이어서 사이트를 이용하실 수 없습니다. Jigeumeun siseutem jeongbi jungieoseo saiteureul iyonghasil ssu eopsseumnida. This website is temporarily unavailable due to system maintenance.

jeongbo 정보 [情 meaning + 報 inform] NOUN = information

여행을 가기 전에 정보를 많이 수집해라. Yeohaengeul gagi jeone jeongboreul mani sujipaera. Collect lots of information before the trip.

jeongbu 정부 [政 political affairs + 府 official residence → an organization where officials handle political affairs] NOUN = government

정부 기관들은 서울에 모여 있습니다. Jeongbu gigwandeureun seoure moyeo itsseumnida. Government organizations are concentrated in Seoul.

jeongchi 정치 [政 political affairs + 治 rule] NOUN = politics

많은 사람들이 자신은 정치에 관심이 없다고 말한다. Maneun saramdeuri jasineun jeongchie gwansimi eopttago malhanda. Many people say they aren’t interested in politics.

jeongchihak 정치학 [政 political affairs + 治 rule + 學 study] NOUN = political science, politics

저는 대학원에서 정치학을 공부하고 있어요. Jeoneun daehagwoneseo jeongchihageul gongbuhago isseoyo. I’m attending graduate courses in politics.

jeongchiin 정치인 [政 political affairs + 治 rule + 人 people] NOUN = politician

그 정치인은 별로 인기가 없지만, 사실 아주 유능하다. Geu jeongchiineun byeollo inkkiga eopjjiman, sasil aju yuneunghada. The politician is not so popular, but in fact very competent.

jeongchijeok 정치적 [政 political affairs + 治 rule + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = political

아내와 저는 정치적 의견이 달라요. Anaewa jeoneun jeongchijeok uigyeoni dallayo. My wife and I have different political opinions.

jeongdanghada 정당하다 [正 correct + 當 suitable + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE= just, right, fair

그 사람은 정당하지 않은 방법으로 돈을 모았어요. Geu sarameun jeongdanghaji aneun bangbeobeuro doneul moasseoyo. He made his fortune by unfair means.

jeongdap 정답 [正 correct + 答 answer] NOUN = correct answer (SYN. 답)

정답을 아는 분은 손을 들어 주세요. Jeongdabeul aneun buneun soneul deureo juseyo. If you know the answer, raise your hand.

jeongdo 정도 [程 law + 度 degree] NOUN = degree, extent

한 시간 정도 늦을 것 같아요. Han sigan jeongdo neujeul kkeot gatayo. I think I’ll be around an hour late.

이 정도면 충분해. I jeongdomyeon chungbunhae. This is enough.

jeonggeojang 정거장 [停 stay + 車 car + 場 place → place that cars stop at and stay for a short time] NOUN = stop (SYN. 정류장)

다음 정거장에서 내리세요. Daeum jeonggeojangeseo naeriseyo. Get off at the next stop.

jeonggi 정기 [定 decide + 期 time] DETERMINER = regular, periodical

백화점 정기 세일이 언제부터예요? Baekwajeom jeonggi seiri eonjebuteoyeyo? When does the department store sale begin?

jeonggijeok 정기적 [定 decide + 期 time + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = regular, periodical

우리는 매주 정기적으로 모임을 가집니다. Urineun maeju jeonggijeogeuro moimeul gajimnida. We have a regular meeting every week.

jeonghada 정하다 [定 decide + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB

1 = decide, determine (SYN. 결정하다)

네 생일이니까 장소는 네가 정해. Ne saengirinikka jangsoneun nega jeonghae. You decide the place since it’s your birthday.

2 = resolve, make up one’s mind (SYN. 결심하다)

뭘 먹을지 마음을 못 정하겠어. Mwol meogeuljji maeumeul mot jjeonghagesseo. I can’t decide what to eat.

jeonghwakada 정확하다 [正 correct + 確 certain + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = accurate, correct

경찰이 정확한 사고 원인을 조사하고 있어요. Gyeongchari jeonghwakan sago wonineul josahago isseoyo. The police are investigating the precise cause of the accident.

jeonghwaki 정확히 /정화키/ [正 correct + 確 certain + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = exactly

정확히 어떤 스타일을 원하세요? Jeonghwaki eotteon seutaireul wonhaseyo? What kind of a style are you looking for exactly?

`

jeongi 전기¹ [電 electricity + 氣 stream] NOUN = electricity

전기 요금 내는 걸 깜빡했어. Jeongi yogeum naeneun geol kkamppakaesseo. I forgot to pay the electricity bill.

jeongi 전기² [傳 convey + 記 record → a record that conveys someone’s life story] NOUN = biography

저는 소설보다 전기가 더 좋아요. Jeoneun soseolboda jeongiga deo joayo. I prefer biography to fiction.

jeongibapssot 전기밥솥 /전기밥쏟/ [電 electricity + 氣 stream + 밥솥 rice cooker] NOUN = electric rice cooker

요즘에는 전기밥솥으로 여러 가지 요리도 할 수 있어요. Yojeumeneun jeongibapssoteuro yeoreo gaji yorido hal ssu isseoyo. These days you can prepare quite a number of dishes using an electric rice cooker.

jeongjang 정장 [正 correct + 裝 clothes → the correct clothes you should wear in a formal meeting] NOUN = suit, formal dress

꼭 정장 입어야 해요? Kkok jeongjang ibeoya haeyo? Do I really have to dress up?

jeongji(hada) 정지 (하다) [停 stay + 止 stop] I NOUN = stop, halt II VERB = stop, halt (SYN. 멈추다, 서다 2)

정지 신호를 무시하셨습니다. Jeongji sinhoreul musihasyeotsseumnida. You ignored the stop sign.

jeongjik(ada) 정직 (하다) [正 correct + 直 straight → the nature of showing your feeling straightforwardly and correctly] I NOUN = honesty

II ADJECTIVE = honest, truthful (SYN. 솔직하다)

어제 뭘 했는지 정직하게 말해라. Eoje mwol haenneunji jeongjikage malhaera. Be honest about what you did yesterday.

*jeongmal 정말 [正 correct + 말 saying] I NOUN = truth, fact

방금 한 말이 정말이야? Banggeum han mari jeongmariya? Is what you just said true?

II ADVERB = really

이 책 정말 재미있어. I chaek jeongmal jaemiisseo. This book is really interesting.

jeongmallo 정말로 = 정말 II jeongmal

jeongmun 정문 [正 main + 門 gate] NOUN = front gate

학교 끝나고 정문에서 보자. Hakkkyo kkeunnago jeongmuneseo boja. I’ll see you at the main gate after school.

jeongmyeon 정면 [正 main + 面 face] NOUN = front, facade

사진 찍습니다. 정면을 보세요. Sajin jjiksseumnida. Jeongmyeoneul boseyo. Look straight ahead for the picture.

jeongni(hada) 정리 (하다) /정니 (하다) / [整 neat + 理 arrange] I NOUN = arrangement II VERB = arrange, organize

제발 책상 정리 좀 해. Jebal chaekssang jeongni jom hae. Please clean your desk.

*jeongnyujang 정류장 /정뉴장/ [停 stay + 留 stay + 場 place → place where cars stop at and stay for a short time] NOUN = stop (SYN. 정거장)

이번 정류장은 시청입니다. Ibeon jeongnyujangeun sicheongimnida. Next stop is City Hall.

jeongo 정오 [正 correct + 午 noon] NOUN = noon (ANT. 자정)

배는 내일 정오에 출발합니다. Baeneun naeil jeongoe chulbalhamnida. This ship leaves at noon tomorrow.

jeongong(hada) 전공 (하다) [專 only + 攻 attack] I NOUN = major II VERB = major in

대학 때 전공이 뭐예요? Daehak ttae jeongongi mwoyeyo? What’s your major in college?

jeongsang 정상¹ [正 correct + 常 always → the state that is always correct and considered as the norm] NOUN = normality

체온은 정상이에요. Cheoneun jeongsangieyo. Your temperature is normal.

jeongsang 정상² [頂 peak + 上 upper] NOUN = top, summit

다섯 번째 G20 정상 회의가 2010년 서울에서 열렸다. Daseot beonjjae jiisip jeongsang hoeiga icheonsim nyeon seoureseo yeollyeottta. The fifth G20 summit was held in Seoul in 2010.

jeongsangjeok 정상적 [正 correct + 常 always + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = normal

모든 일이 정상적으로 진행되고 있어요. Modeu niri jeongsangjeogeuro jinhaengdoego isseoyo. Everything is proceeding as normal.

jeongseong 정성 [精 clean + 誠 sincere] NOUN = heart, devotion

정성이 담긴 선물이 제일 좋은 선물이에요. Jeongseongi damgin seonmuri jeil joeun seonmurieyo. A heartfelt gift is the best gift of all.

jeongsik 정식 [正 correct + 式 rule] NOUN = formality

음악을 정식으로 배운 적은 없어요. Eumageul jeongsigeuro baeun jeogeun eopsseoyo. I never took formal music lessons.

jeongsin 정신 [精 clean + 神 spirit] NOUN = mind, spirit, consciousness (ANT. 육체)

스트레스는 정신 건강에 해로워요. Seuteureseuneun jeongsin geongange haerowoyo. Stress is harmful to your mental health.

jeongsineoptta 정신없다 /정시넙따/ [精 clean + 神 spirit + 없다 no] ADJECTIVE = very busy

오늘은 정신없는 하루였어요. Oneureun jeongsineomneun haruyeosseoyo. It was a hectic day today.

jeongsinjeok 정신적 [精 clean + 神 spirit + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = psychological, mental (ANT. 육체적)

부모님의 이혼 이후 저는 정신적으로 상처를 많이 받았어요. Bumonime ihon ihu jeoneun jeongsinjeogeuro sangcheoreul mani badasseoyo. I was deeply hurt by my parents’ divorce.

jeongsinkkwa 정신과 /정신꽈/ [精 clean + 神 spirit + 科 department] NOUN = psychiatric clinic

정신과 의사와 상담해 보신 적 있어요? Jeongsinkkwa uisawa sangdamhae bosin jeok isseoyo? Have you ever been to a psychiatrist?

NOTE: Be careful of the pronunciation of 정신과.

jeonguk 전국 [全 entire + 國 country → the entire region of a country] NOUN = the whole country

그 해외 스타를 보기 위해 전국에서 사람들이 모였어요. Geu haeoe seutareul bogi wihae jeongugeseo saramdeuri moyeosseoyo. People from all over the country gathered to see the star from abroad.

jeongukjjeok 전국적 /전국쩍/ [全 entire + 國 country + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = nationwide

내일은 전국적으로 구름이 많이 끼겠습니다. Naeireun jeongukjjeogeuro gureumi mani kkigetsseumnida. It will be cloudy across the nation tomorrow.

jeongwon 정원 [庭 home + 園 garden] NOUN = yard, garden

제 꿈은 정원이 있는 집에서 사는 거예요. Je kkumeun jeongwoni inneun jibeseo saneun geoyeyo. My dream is to live in a house with a garden.

jeonhada 전하다 [傳 convey + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = convey, tell, deliver

남편한테 제가 전화했었다고 전해 주시겠어요? Nampyeonhante jega jeonhwahaesseotttago jeonhae jusigesseoyo? Would you tell my husband that I called?

*jeonhwa(hada) 전화 (하다) [電 electric + 話 talk → talk through an electric device] I NOUN = telephone II VERB = call, phone

전화 끊지 말고 기다려 주세요. Jeonhwa kkeunchi malgo gidaryeo juseyo. Please hold the line.