G

*ga 가 PARTICLE

1 = subject particle

제가 이 반 담임입니다. Jega i ban damimimnida. I’m in charge of this class.

2 = complement particle

저는 커서 가수가 되고 싶어요. Jeoneun keoseo gasuga doego sipeoyo. I want to become a singer when I grow up.

NOTE: A noun with a consonant ending combines with 이, while a noun with a vowel ending combines with 가.

*gabang 가방 [from Japanese kaban] NOUN = bag, sack

가방 안에 무엇이 들어 있습니까? Gabang ane mueosi deureo itsseumnikka? What’s in that bag?

*gabyeoptta 가볍다 /가볍따/ ADJECTIVE = light (ANT. 무겁다)

저는 키에 비해서 몸무게가 가벼워요. Jeoneun kie bihaeseo mommugega gabyeowoyo. I’m rather light for my height.

gachi 가치 [價 price + 値 value] NOUN = value, worth

이 책은 살 만한 가치가 없어. I chaegeun sal manhan gachiga eopsseo. This book is not worth buying.

*gachi 같이¹ /가치/ ADVERB

1 = together (SYN. 함께)

어젯밤 너랑 같이 있던 그 남자 누구야? Eojeppam neorang gachi ittteon geu namja nuguya? Who’s that guy I saw you with last night?

2 = as, like

어젯밤에는 평소와 같이 일찍 잤어요. Eojeppameneun pyeongsowa gachi iljjik jjasseoyo. Last night I went to bed early as usual.

NOTE: Be careful not to pronounce 같이 as / 가티 gati /.

gachi 같이² /가치/ PARTICLE = like, as (SYN. 처럼)

그 사람은 자기 개를 자식같이 여긴다. Geu sarameun jagi gaereul jasikkkachi yeoginda. He treats his dog like his own child.

NOTE: Be careful not to pronounce 같이 as / 가티 gati /.

gachida 갇히다 /가치다/ VERB = be locked, be confined

눈 때문에 어제는 집 안에 하루 종일 갇혀 있었어요. Nun ttaemune eojeneun ji bane haru jongil gacheo isseosseoyo. Yesterday I was cooped up all day in my house because of the snow.

gachihada 같이하다 /가치하다/ [같이 together + 하다 do → to do something together] VERB = share, join (SYN. 함께하다)

내일 점심 같이할까? Naeil jeomsim gachihalkka? Shall we have lunch tomorrow?

*gada 가다¹ VERB

1 = go (ANT. 오다¹)

너 어젯밤에 어디 갔었어? Neo eojeppame eodi gasseosseo? Where were you last night?

2 = join, enter

어느 대학에 가고 싶어? Eoneu daehage gago sipeo? Which university do you want to go to?

*gada 가다² AUXILIARY VERB = keep doing

사업은 잘돼 가? Saeobeun jaldwae ga? How is your business coming along?

책 거의 다 읽어 가요. Chaek geoi da ilgeo gayo. I’m almost done with the book.

NOTE: The auxiliary verb 가다 appears as - 아/어/여 가다 after a verb. It signifies that a certain action moves away from its starting point as it proceeds.

gadeuk 가득 ADVERB = to the full

가득 넣어 주세요. Gadeung neoeo juseyo. Fill it up, please.

gadeukada 가득하다 /가드카다/ [가득 to the full + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = full, crammed

서랍이 먼지로 가득해요. Seorabi meonjiro gadeukaeyo. The drawers are covered with dust.

gadeuki 가득히 /가드키/ = 가득 gadeuk

*gae 개¹ NOUN = dog

이웃집 개 때문에 신경이 쓰여요. Iutjjip gae ttaemune singyeongi sseuyeoyo. The neighbor’s dog is getting on my nerves.

*gae 개² [個 piece] DEPENDENT NOUN = piece, unit

이걸로 다섯 개 주세요. Igeollo daseot kkae juseyo. I’ll take five pieces of this kind.

gaebal(hada) 개발 (하다) [開 open + 發 spread] I NOUN = development, exploitation II VERB = develop

제 일은 신규 제품을 개발하는 거예요. Je ireun singyu jepumeul gaebalhaneun geoyeyo. My job is to develop new products.

gaebaldoeda 개발되다 [開 open + 發 spread + 되다 become] VERB = be developed

이 제품은 눈이 나쁜 분들을 위해 개발되었습니다. I jepumeun nuni nappeun bundeureul wihae gaebaldoeeotsseumnida. This product was developed for people with poor eyesight.

gaebang(hada) 개방 (하다) [開 open + 放 release] I NOUN = opening II VERB = open

농민들은 쌀 시장의 개방에 반대하고 있다. Nongmindeureun ssal ssijange gaebange bandaehago ittta. Farmers are against the opening of the rice market.

gaebyeol 개별 [個 piece + 別 part] DETERMINER = individual, each

개별 행동은 삼가 주십시오. Gaebyeol haengdongeun samga jusipssio. Please stay within the group.

gaeda 개다¹ VERB = become clear

일기예보에서 그러는데 오후에는 날씨가 갠대요. Ilgiyeboeseo geureoneunde ohueneun nalssiga gaendaeyo. The weather forecast said it would become clear in the afternoon.

gaeda 개다² VERB = fold

빨래 개는 것 좀 도와줘. Ppallae gaeneun geot jjom dowajwo. Help me fold up the laundry.

gaegeumaen 개그맨 [from English gagman] NOUN = comedian (SYN. 코미디언)

보통 개그맨들은 여러 가지 재주가 많아요. Botong gaegeumaendeureun yeoreo gaji jaejuga manayo. Most comedians have a diversity of skills.

NOTE: The word 개그맨 was coined by a Korean comedian. But actually there’s no difference between 코미디언 and 개그맨.

gaeguri 개구리 NOUN = frog

개구리는 곤충을 먹고 살아요. Gaegurineun gonchungeul meokkko sarayo. Frogs feed on insects.

gaein 개인 [個 piece + 人 people] NOUN = individual (ANT. 집단)

아버지는 개인 사업을 하고 계세요. Abeojineun gaein saeobeul hago gyeseyo. My father runs his own business.

gaeinjeok 개인적 [個 piece + 人 people + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = individual, personal

개인적인 질문 하나 해도 될까요? Gaeinjeogin jilmun hana haedo doelkkayo? Do you mind if I ask you a personal question?

gaekkkwanjeok 객관적 /객꽌적/ [客 customer + 觀 observe + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = objective (ANT. 주관적)

자신을 객관적으로 보기는 쉽지 않죠. Jasineul gaekkkwanjeogeuro bogineun swipjji anchyo. It’s not easy for us to see ourselves objectively.

gaemi 개미 NOUN = ant

개미들이 설탕 주위에 모여 있어요. Gaemideuri seoltang juwie moyeo isseoyo. Ants are gathering around sugar.

gaeseon(hada) 개선 (하다) [改 change + 善 good → the act of changing something to make it become better] I NOUN = improvement II VERB = improve (sth)

근본적인 해결 방안은 근무 환경을 개선하는 겁니다. Geunbonjeogin haegyeol banganeun geunmu hwangyeongeul gaeseonhaneun geomnida. A fundamental solution is to improve the working conditions.

gaeseong 개성 [個 piece + 性 nature] NOUN = individuality, personality

제 동생은 개성이 강해요. Je dongsaengeun gaeseongi ganghaeyo. My younger brother/sister has a strong individuality.

*gaeul 가을 NOUN = fall, autumn

가을은 제가 가장 좋아하는 계절이에요. Gaeureun jega gajang joahaneun gyejeorieyo. Autumn is my favorite season.

*gaewol 개월 [個 piece + 月 month] DEPENDENT NOUN = month (SYN. 달 II)

지영이와 저는 사귄 지 3개월 됐어요. Jiyeongiwa jeoneun sagwin ji sam gaewol dwaesseoyo. I have been dating Jiyoung for three months.

NOTE: 개월 and 달 are the same in their meaning. But put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯,…) before 달 and sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오 …) before 개월.

*gage 가게 NOUN = shop, store (SYN. 상점)

가게 가서 우유 좀 사 올래? Gage gaseo uyu jom sa ollae? Go down to the store and get some milk, will you?

gago(hada) 각오 (하다) /가고 (하다) / [覺 aware + 悟 realize] I NOUN = determination, resolution II VERB = be determined

그 일은 이미 각오하고 있었어요. Geu ireun imi gagohago isseosseoyo. I’ve already braced myself for that.

gagu 가구¹ [家 house + 具 equipment → equipment for house] NOUN = furniture

가구 위치를 좀 바꿔 보면 어떨까? Gagu wichireul jom bakkwo bomyeon eotteolkka? How about rearranging the furniture?

gagu 가구² [家 house + 口 mouth → people who live in a house and share food or the house itself] NOUN = household, family

이 마을에는 고작 다섯 가구가 살고 있습니다. I maeureneun gojak daseot kkaguga salgo itsseumnida. There are only five families living in this village.

gagyeok 가격 [價 price + 格 form] NOUN = price (SYN. 값)

가격이 얼마예요? Gagyeogi eolmayeyo? How much is it?

gaip(ada) 가입 (하다) [加 add + 入 enter] I NOUN = joining II VERB = join

어느 동아리에 가입하고 싶어? Eoneu dongarie gaipago sipeo? What club do you want to join?

gajang 가장¹ [家 family + 長 chief] NOUN = head of household

옛날에는 아버지가 돌아가시면 장남이 가장 역할을 했어요. Yennareneun abeojiga doragasimyeon jangnami gajang nyeokareul haesseoyo. In the old days, the eldest son used to act as the head of the family when the father died.

*gajang 가장² ADVERB = most, best (SYN. 제일 II)

가장 중요한 건 건강이야. Gajang jungyohan geon geongangiya. The most important thing is health.

gajeodajuda 가져다주다 /가저다주다/ [가져 have (from 가지다) + 다 ending + 주다 give] VERB = bring (sb sth)

영수증 좀 가져다주세요. Yeongsujeung jom gajeodajuseyo. Can I have the receipt?

gajeogada 가져가다 /가저가다/ [가져 have (from 가지다) + 가다 go] VERB = take, carry

연락할 경우를 대비해서 핸드폰 가져가. Yeollakal kkyeongureul daebihaeseo haendeupon gajeoga. Take your cell phone in case I need to reach you.

gajeong 가정¹ [家 house + 庭 home] NOUN = home, family

저는 빨리 결혼해서 가정을 꾸리고 싶어요. Jeoneun ppalli gyeolhonhaeseo gajeongeul kkurigo sipeoyo. I want to get married early and have a family.

gajeong(hada) 가정²(하다) [假 false + 定 decide] I NOUN = supposition, speculation, hypothesis II VERB = suppose, assume

지금부터 제가 하는 말은 모두 가정에 불과합니다. Jigeumbuteo jega haneun mareun modu gajeonge bulgwahamnida. All that I’m going to say from here on are just assumptions.

*gajeooda 가져오다 /가저오다/ [가져 have (from 가지다) + 오다 come] VERB

1 = bring

와인 좀 가져와라. Wain jom gajeowara. Bring some wine with you.

2 = cause, bring about

컴퓨터는 우리 생활에 엄청난 변화를 가져왔어요. Keompyuteoneun uri saenghware eomcheongnan byeonhwareul gajeowasseoyo. Computers have brought tremendous changes to our lives.

gaji 가지¹ NOUN = branch, sprig (SYN. 나뭇가지)

가지를 꺾지 마세요. Gajireul kkeokjji maseyo. Don’t break off branches.

gaji 가지² DEPENDENT NOUN = kind, sort

실은 한 가지 문제가 있어요. Sireun han gaji munjega isseoyo. Actually, there is a problem.

*gajida 가지다¹ VERB = have, possess, own

돈 가진 것 있니? Don gajin geo dinni? Do you have any money with you?

아기는 언제 가질 생각이니? Agineun eonje gajil saenggagini? When do you plan to have children?

gajida 가지다² AUXILIARY VERB

1 = and then

집에서 숙제를 해 가지고 오세요. Jibeseo sukjjereul hae gajigo oseyo. Please do your homework at home and bring it in.

2 = so, therefore

날씨가 너무 더워 가지고 입맛이 없어요. Nalssiga neomu deowo gajigo immasi eopsseoyo. I lost my appetite because of the hot weather.

NOTE: The auxiliary verb 가지다 appears as - 아/어/여 after a verb or an adjective in spoken language. It signifies that the outcome of an action or the state of something lasts. Usually, it can be replaced with the connective ending - 아 서/어서/여서.

gajja 가짜 [假 false + 짜] NOUN = fake, imitation (ANT. 진짜 1)

이 그림은 가짜 같아. I geurimeun gajja gata. I think this painting is a fake.

*gajok 가족 [家 house + 族 people → people who live together in a house] NOUN = family (member) (SYN. 식구)

가족과 떨어져 지내는 건 힘든 일일 거야. Gajokkkwa tteoreojeo jinaeneun geon himdeu niril kkeoya. It must be hard to live away from your family.

gajuk 가죽 NOUN = leather

이 가방은 가죽으로 되어 있어요. I gabangeun gajugeuro doeeo isseoyo. This bag is made of leather.

gak 각 [各 each] DETERMINER = each, every

각 단계의 정확한 순서를 잘 모르겠어요. Gak ttangyee jeonghwakan sunseoreul jal moreugesseoyo. I don’t know the exact order of each step.

gakjja 각자 /각짜/ [各 each + 自 by oneself] ADVERB = separately

계산은 각자 합시다. Gyesaneun gakjja hapssida. Let’s split the bill.

gakjjong 각종 /각쫑/ [各 each + 種 kind] DETERMINER = various

아이티 사람들은 지금 각종 질병으로 고통 받고 있습니다. Aiti saramdeureun jigeum gakjjong jilbyeongeuro gotong batkko itsseumnida. Haitians are suffering from various diseases.

gakkai 가까이 [가까 close (from 가깝다) + 이 adverbial suffix] I ADVERB

1 = close, near (ANT. 멀리 I)

차를 입구 쪽으로 더 가까이 대 주시겠어요? Chareul ipkku jjogeuro deo gakkai dae jusigesseoyo? Would you mind parking your car a little closer to the entrance, please?

2 = just before, almost, nearly

한 시간 가까이 기다렸어! Han sigan gakkai gidaryeosseo! I’ve been waiting for almost an hour!

II NOUN = a place nearby (ANT. 멀리 II)

그분을 가까이서 본 적은 없어요. Geubuneul gakkaiseo bon jeogeun eopsseoyo. I’ve never seen him up close in person.

*gakkaptta 가깝다 /가깝따/ ADJECTIVE

1 = close, near (ANT. 멀다)

공항에서 가까운 곳이면 좋겠어요. Gong-hangeseo gakkaun gosimyeon jokesseoyo. I’d like a place near the airport.

저는 가까운 장래에 유학을 갈 예정이에요. Jeoneun gakkaun jangnaee yuhageul gal ryejeongieyo. I plan to study abroad in the near future.

2 = close, intimate (SYN. 친하다)

저는 가까운 친척이 없어요. Jeoneun gakkaun chincheogi eopsseoyo. I don’t have any close relatives.

*gakkeum 가끔 ADVERB = sometimes, occasionally (SYN. 간혹)

대개는 지하철을 타지만 가끔 버스를 타기도 해요. Daegaeneun jihacheoreul tajiman gakkeum beoseureul tagido haeyo. I usually take the subway, but sometimes I take a bus.

gakkkak 각각 /각깍/ [各 each + 各 each] ADVERB = each, respectively

나머지는 모두 각각 한 시간 강의야. Nameojineun modu gakkkak han sigan gangiya. All the other classes are one hour each.

gakkuda 가꾸다 VERB = grow, raise, tend

엄마는 정원을 가꾸는 걸 좋아하세요. Eommaneun jeongwoneul gakkuneun geol joahaseyo. My mom enjoys gardening.

*galbi 갈비 NOUN = ribs

갈비 먹어 봤어요? Galbi meogeo bwasseoyo? Have you ever tried marinated ribs?

galbitang 갈비탕 [갈비 ribs + 湯 soup] NOUN = beef-rib soup

저녁으로 갈비탕 어때? Jeonyeogeuro galbi-tang eottae? How about beef-rib soup for dinner?

galda 갈다¹ VERB = grind, rub

쇠고기 간 거 있나요? Soegogi gan geo innayo? Do you have ground beef?

galda 갈다² VERB = change, replace

배터리를 갈아야 할 거 같아요. Baeteorireul garaya hal geo gatayo. I think I should change the battery.

galjjeung 갈증 /갈쯩/ [渴 thirsty + 症 symptom] NOUN = thirst

갈증 나 죽겠어요. Galjjeung na jukkkesseoyo. I’m so thirsty.

galssaek 갈색 /갈쌕/ [褐 brown + 色 color] NOUN = brown

제 가방은 갈색이에요. Je gabangeun galssaegieyo. My bag is brown.

galssurok 갈수록 /갈쑤록/ [가 go (from 가다) + ㄹ수록 much more] ADVERB = as time goes by

갈수록 먹고살기가 힘들어요. Galssurong meokkkosalgiga himdeureoyo. It’s getting tougher to make a living day by day.

galtteung 갈등 /갈뜽/ [葛 kudzu + 藤 rattan] NOUN = conflict

직장에서 갈등이 생기면 어떻게 하세요? Jikjjangeseo galtteungi saenggimyeon eotteoke haseyo? How do you usually handle conflicts that arise at work?

NOTE: 갈등 is a word from the Chinese character 葛, which means kudzu, and 藤, which means rattan. It stands for the complicated situation when kudzu and rattan are intertwined.

gam 감¹ NOUN = persimmon

이 감은 아직 덜 익었어요. I gameun ajik deol rigeosseoyo. This persimmon is not ripe yet.

gam 감² [感 feel] NOUN = feeling, sense (SYN. 느낌)

너무 늦은 감이 있네요. Neomu neujeun gami inneyo. It may be too late now.

IDIOMS

gameul japtta 감(을) 잡다 = get the picture

이제야 감을 좀 잡겠어요. Ijeya gameul jom japkkesseoyo. Now I get the picture.

gami oda 감이 오다 = get the picture

도대체 이 문제는 어떻게 풀어야 할지 감이 안 와요. Dodaeche i munjeneun eotteoke pureoya haljji gami a nwayo. I have no idea how to solve this problem.

gaman 가만 ADVERB = just as it is

날 좀 가만 내버려 둬. Nal jom gaman naebeoryeo dwo. Leave me alone.

gamanhi 가만히 = 가만 gaman

gamanittta 가만있다 /가마닏따/ [가만 just as it is + 있다 be] VERB = stay motionless, keep silent

떠들지 말고 가만있어라. Tteodeulji malgo gamanisseora. Keep your noise down and stay still.

gamchuda 감추다 VERB = hide, disguise (SYN. 숨기다)

등 뒤로 감춘 게 뭐니? Deung dwiro gamchun ge mwoni? What are you hiding behind your back?

gamdok(ada) 감독 (하다) [監 watch + 督 supervise → a person who supervises and watches over others] I NOUN = director, coach; VERB = direct

‘하녀’는 임상수 감독의 영화예요. Hanyeoneun imsangsu gamdoge yeonghwayeyo. The Housemaid was directed by Sang-su Im. II NOUN = supervision, supervisor; VERB = supervise

저는 누군가의 감독을 받으며 일하는 것이 싫어요. Jeoneun nugungae gamdogeul badeumyeo ilhaneun geosi sireoyo. I don’t like working under someone else’s supervision.

gamdong(hada) 감동 (하다) [感 feel + 動 move] I NOUN = deep impression II VERB = be touched, be moved

그 이야기에 많은 사람들이 감동을 받았다. Geu iyagie maneun saramdeuri gamdongeul badattta. Many people were touched by the story.

gamdongjeok 감동적 [感 feel + 動 move + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = touching, moving

그 영화의 마지막 장면은 정말 감동적이었어요. Geu yeonghwae majimak jangmyeoneun jeongmal gamdongjeogieosseoyo. The ending of the movie was so touching.

gamgak 감각 [感 feel + 覺 aware → the feeling of some kind of stimulus through your eyes, nose, or other sensory parts of your body] NOUN = sense

다리에 감각이 없어요. Darie gamgagi eopsseoyo. I have no feeling in my legs.

그 사람은 패션 감각이 영 별로야. Geu sara-meun paesyeon gamgagi yeong byeolloya. He has a terrible taste in fashion.

*gamgi 감기 [感 feel + 氣 spirit] NOUN = cold, flu

감기에 걸리면 왜 열이 나요? Gamgie geollimyeon wae yeori nayo? Why do you run a fever when you catch a cold?

gamhi 감히 [敢 dare + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = boldly, presumptuously

감히 나한테 거짓말을 해? Gamhi nahante geojinmareul hae? How dare you lie to me?

gamja 감자 NOUN = potato

감자가 다 익었는지는 어떻게 알 수 있나요? Gamjaga da igeonneunjineun eotteoke al ssu innayo? How can I know whether the potato is done or not?

gamjeong 감정 [感 feel + 情 affection] NOUN = feelings, emotion

제 아내는 감정이 풍부한 사람이에요. Je anaeneun gamjeongi pungbuhan saramieyo. My wife is a sensitive person.

gamjeongjeok 감정적 [感 feel + 情 affection + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = emotional

그렇게 감정적으로 반응하시면 곤란해요. Geureoke gamjeongjeogeuro baneunghasimyeon gollanhaeyo. I’m not comfortable with you reacting in such an emotional manner.

gamok 감옥 /가목/ [監 watch + 獄 prison] NOUN = prison

저는 결혼이 감옥이라고 생각해요. Jeoneun gyeolhoni gamogirago saenggakaeyo. I think marriage is a prison.

*gamsa(hada) 감사 (하다) [感 feel + 謝 thank] I NOUN = thanks II VERB = thank (SYN. 고맙다)

감사합니다. Gamsahamnida. Thank you.

NOTE: To check out the difference between 감사하 다 and 고맙다, see the note on 고맙다 gomaptta.

gamsang(hada) 감상 (하다) [鑑 examine + 賞 award] I NOUN = appreciation II VERB = appreciate, enjoy

제 취미는 음악 감상이에요. Je chwimineun eumak kkamsangieyo. My hobby is listening to music.

gamso(hada) 감소 (하다) [減 decrease + 少 little] I NOUN = decrease, decline (ANT. 증가) II VERB = decrease (SYN. 줄다; ANT. 증가하다)

수입은 증가하고 수출은 감소하고 있어요. Suibeun jeunggahago suchureun gamsohago isseoyo. Import is increasing while export is decreasing.

gamssada 감싸다 VERB = cover, wrap

담요로 몸을 감싸세요. Damnyoro momeul gamssaseyo. Wrap this blanket around you.

gamtta 감다¹ /감따/ VERB

1 = wind (up), coil

뱀이 먹이를 몸으로 감았다. Baemi meogireul momeuro gamattta. The snake wound itself around its prey.

2 = wind, rewind

테이프 처음으로 감았어? Teipeu cheoeumeuro gamasseo? Did you rewind the tape?

*gamtta 감다² /감따/ VERB = close (one’s eyes) (ANT. 뜨다²)

눈을 감고 소원을 빌어 봐. Nuneul gamkko sowoneul bireo bwa. Close your eyes and make a wish.

gamtta 감다³ /감따/ VERB = wash (one’s hair)

오늘 머리 감았어? Oneul meori gamasseo? Did you wash your hair today?

gamum 가뭄 [가무 dry (from 가물다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = drought (ANT. 홍수)

강이 모두 가뭄으로 바싹 말라 버렸어요. Gangi modu gamumeuro bassang malla beoryeosseoyo. The rivers are all dried up due to drought.

gan 간¹ [肝 liver] NOUN = liver

술을 계속 많이 마시면 간이 나빠질 수 있습니다. Sureul gyesok mani masimyeon gani nappajil ssu itsseumnida. Continuous heavy drinking may deteriorate your liver.

IDIOMS

gani tteoreojida 간(이) 떨어지다 = be frightened, be startled

깜짝 놀랐잖아! 간 떨어질 뻔했어. KKamjjak nollatjjana! Gan tteoreojil ppeonhaesseo. Geez! You scared me to death.

gani buttta 간이 붓다 = be out of one’s mind

선생님께 그런 말을 하다니 너 간이 부었구나. Seonsaengnimkke geureon mareul hadani neo gani bueotkkuna. You must be out of your mind to say such a thing to your teacher.

gani jaktta 간이 작다 = be cowardly

나는 간이 작아서 그런 일은 못 해. Naneun gani jagaseo geureo nireun mo tae. I am not brave enough to do such a thing.

gani keuda 간(이) 크다 = be brave, be courageous

누나는 간이 커서 밤에도 혼자 잘 다녀요. Nunaneun gani keoseo bamedo honja jal danyeoyo. My sister is so brave that she is often out alone at night.

gani kongalman haejida 간이 콩알만 해지다 = scared out of one’s wits

지갑이 없어진 줄 알고 간이 콩알만 해졌어요. Jigabi eopsseojin jul algo gani kongalman haejeosseoyo. I was scared out of wits, thinking I lost my purse.

gan 간² NOUN = saltiness

국이 간이 딱 맞네요. Gugi gani ttak manneyo. The soup tastes just right.

gan 간³ [間 between] I DEPENDENT NOUN = between

서울-부산 간 열차는 자주 있어요. Seoul busan gan yeolchaneun jaju isseoyo. Trains between Seoul and Busan run frequently.

II SUFFIX = for (SYN. 동안¹)

그 사람을 몇 달간 보지 못했어요. Geu sara-meul myeot ttalgan boji motaesseoyo. I haven’t seen him for months.

ganan(hada) 가난 (하다) I NOUN = poverty II ADJECTIVE = poor

저는 가난한 집에서 태어났어요. Jeoneun gananhan jibeseo taeeonasseoyo. I was born poor.

gandanhada 간단하다 [簡 brief + 單 single + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = simple, easy, brief (SYN. 단순하다; ANT. 복잡하다)

규칙은 아주 간단해요. Gyuchigeun aju gandanhaeyo. The rules are quite simple.

gandanhi 간단히 [簡 brief + 單 single + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = simply, briefly

간단히 설명해 봐. Gandanhi seolmyeonghae bwa. Give me a brief account.

ganeulda 가늘다 ADJECTIVE = thin, slender (ANT. 굵다)

나는 네 가는 손가락이 부러워. Naneun ne ganeun sonkkaragi bureowo. I envy your thin fingers.

ganeunghada 가능하다 [可 allow + 能 possible + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = possible (ANT. 불가능하다)

가능한 빨리 전화 부탁해. Ganeunghan ppalli jeonhwa butakae. Please call me as soon as possible.

ganeungsseong 가능성 /가능썽/ [可 allow + 能 possible + 性 nature] NOUN = possibility

가능성이 어느 정도라고 생각합니까? Ganeungsseongi eoneu jeongdorago saenggakamnikka? What do you think the chances are?

gang 강 [江 river] NOUN = river

그 공원은 강 건너에 있어요. Geu gongwoneun gang geonneoe isseoyo. The park is located the other side of the river.

gangaji 강아지 NOUN = puppy

강아지 발에 뭔가 이상한 게 있는 것 같아요. Gangaji bare mwonga isanghan ge inneun geot gatayo. I think my puppy’s got something stuck in his paw.

NOTE: 아지 is related to the name of young animal. 강아지 is a young dog, 송아지 is a young cow, and 망아지 is a young horse.

gangdang 강당 [講 speech + 堂 house → a place where people make a speech] NOUN = hall, auditorium

모든 학생들이 강당에 모였어요. Modeun hakssaengdeuri gangdange moyeosseoyo. All the students are gathered in the student hall.

gangdo 강도 [强 strong + 盜 thief → a strong and violent thief] NOUN = burglar, robber

어제 은행 강도 사건 얘기 들었어요? Eoje eunhaeng gangdo sakkeon nyaegi deureosseoyo? Did you hear about the bank robbery yesterday?

ganghada 강하다 [强 strong + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = strong, powerful (SYN. 세다¹; ANT. 약하다)

그 사람은 책임감이 강해요. Geu sarameun chaegimgami ganghaeyo. He has a strong sense of responsibility.

ganghwa(hada) 강화 (하다) [强 strong + 化 change → a change that is to make something stronger] I NOUN = reinforcement II VERB = reinforce

지금은 공격보다 수비를 강화할 때야. Jigeumeun gonggyeokppoda subireul ganghwahal ttaeya. It’s time to strengthen our defense rather than attack.

gangi(hada) 강의 (하다) /강이 (하다) / [講 speech + 義 right] I NOUN = lecture, class (SYN. 강 좌) II VERB = lecture

강의는 오전 아홉 시에 시작됩니다. Gang-ineun ojeon ahop ssie sijakttoemnida. Lectures start at nine in the morning.

NOTE: 강의 refers to both a lecture or a course and the act of giving lectures. But 강좌 refers to the lecture itself only. So you can’t say 강좌 를 하다.

gangje 강제 [强 strong + 制 force] NOUN = compulsion

그 계약서에 강제로 서명하지 않으셔도 됩니다. Geu gyeyaksseoe gangjero seomyeonghaji aneusyeodo doemnida. You are under no compulsion to sign the contract.

NOTE: 강제 is usually used as 강제로.

gangjo(hada) 강조 (하다) [强 strong + 調 pick → the act of picking one thing and articulating it strongly] I NOUN = emphasis II VERB = emphasize, highlight

외국어 공부의 중요성을 다시 한 번 강조하고 싶습니다. Oegugeo gongbue jungyosseongeul dasi han beon gangjohago sipsseumnida. I’d like to emphasize once again the importance of learning a foreign language.

gangjwa 강좌 [講 speech + 座 seat] NOUN = lecture, course (SYN. 강의)

저는 매일 아침 라디오에서 영어 강좌를 들어요. Jeoneun maei rachim radioeseo yeongeo gangjwareul deureoyo. I listen to a radio English course every day.

NOTE: To check out the difference between 강좌 and 강의, see the note on 강의 gangi.

gangmul 강물 [江 river + 물 water] NOUN = river

강물이 더러워 보여요. Gangmuri deoreowo boyeoyo. Water in the river looks dirty.

gangnyeokada 강력하다 /강녀카다/ [强 strong + 力 strength + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = strong, powerful

부모님은 우리의 결혼을 강력하게 반대하셨어요. Bumonimeun urie gyeolhoneul gang-nyeokage bandaehasyeosseoyo. My parents were strongly opposed to our marriage.

gangnyeoki 강력히 /강녀키/ [强 strong + 力 strength + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = strongly

저는 손님께 이 차를 강력히 추천하고 싶군요. Jeoneun sonnimkke i chareul gangnyeoki chucheonhago sipkkunnyo. I strongly recommend this car to you.

gangsa 강사 [講 speech + 師 skilled person → a skilled person who gives speech in front of class] NOUN = instructor, lecturer

새 수영 강사는 정말 잘생겼어요. Sae suyeong gangsaneun jeongmal jalsaenggyeosseoyo. The new swimming instructor is really handsome.

gangyeok 간격 [間 between + 隔 apart → the distance between two things apart] NOUN = interval, space, gap

버스는 몇 분 간격으로 출발해요? Beoseuneun myeot ppun gangyeogeuro chulbalhaeyo? How often do the buses run?

앞 차와의 적당한 간격을 유지하세요. Ap chawae jeokttanghan gangyeogeul yujihaseyo. Keep an appropriate distance from the car in front of you.

gangyo(hada) 강요 (하다) [强 strong + 要 request] I NOUN = coercion II VERB = force, compel

엄마는 가끔 제가 먹고 싶지 않은 걸 먹으라고 강요하세요. Eommaneun gakkeum jega meokkko sipjji aneun geol meogeurago gangyohaseyo. My mother sometimes forces me to eat what I don’t want to eat.

ganho(hada) 간호 (하다) [看 look after + 護 protect → work of looking after and protecting patients] I NOUN = nursing, care II VERB = nurse

어머님 간호는 누가 하고 있어요? Eomeonim ganhoneun nuga hago isseoyo? Who nurses your mother?

ganhok 간혹 [間 between + 或 just in case] ADVERB = sometimes, occasionally (SYN. 가끔)

이름이 한 글자인 사람도 간혹 있어요. Ireumi han geuljjain saramdo ganho gisseoyo. Occasionally, there are people whose given name is just one syllable.

ganhosa 간호사 [看 look after + 護 protect + 師 skilled person → a person who looks after patients] NOUN = nurse

간호사가 곧 이름을 부를 거예요. Ganhosaga gon nireumeul bureul kkeoyeyo. The nurse will call your name shortly.

ganjang 간장 [간 + 醬 sauce] NOUN = soy sauce

간장 좀 더 넣을까? Ganjang jom deo neoeulkka? Why don’t we put some more soy sauce in?

ganjeopjjeok 간접적 간접적 /간접쩍/ [間 between + 接 adjacent + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = indirect (ANT. 직접적)

저도 그 사건에 간접적으로 관계가 있어요. Jeodo geu sakkeone ganjeopjjeogeuro gwangyega isseoyo. I’m also indirectly concerned in the affair.

ganpan 간판 [看 see + 板 board → boards that are put up at stores for people to see] NOUN = sign

이 길을 따라 5분쯤 가면 오른쪽에 간판이 보일 거예요. I gireul ttara o bunjjeum gamyeon oreunjjoge ganpani boil kkeoyeyo. You will see the sign on your right when you walk along this road for around 5 minutes.

ganpyeonhada 간편하다 [簡 brief + 便 comfortable + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = simple, convenient

이 노트북은 들고 다니기가 간편해요. I noteubugeun deulgo danigiga ganpyeonhaeyo. This laptop is convenient to carry around.

ganseop(ada) 간섭 (하다) [干 invade + 涉 cross → the act of invading other people’s business by crossing the line] I NOUN = interference II VERB = interfere in (SYN. 끼어들다 2)

내 일에 간섭하지 마. Nae ire ganseopaji ma. Stay out of my business.

gansik 간식 [間 between + 食 meal → something you eat between your regular meals] NOUN = snack

가방에 간식이랑 물을 넣었어요. Gabange gansigirang mureul neoeosseoyo. I put some snacks and water in my bag.

gansinhi 간신히 [艱 difficult + 辛 trouble + 히 adverbial suffix → despite difficulties and troubles] ADVERB = barely, narrowly (SYN. 겨우 1)

시간 내에 간신히 보고서를 다 썼어. Sigan naee gansinhi bogoseoreul da sseosseo. I managed to finish the report in time.

*gap 값 /갑/ NOUN = price (SYN. 가격)

김치 값이 또 올랐어요. Gimchi gapssi tto ollasseoyo. The price of kimchi rose again.

*gapjjagi 갑자기 /갑짜기/ ADVERB = suddenly, abruptly

기계가 갑자기 멈췄어요. Gigyega gapjjagi meomchwosseoyo. The machine came to a sudden stop.

gapjjaksseureoptta 갑작스럽다 갑작스럽다 /갑짝쓰럽따/ [갑작 suddenly (from 갑자기) + 스럽다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = sudden, abrupt

왜 갑작스럽게 여행을 취소했어? Wae gapjjaksseureopkke yeohaengeul chwisohaesseo? Why did you cancel your trip so suddenly?

gapppissada 값비싸다 /갑삐싸다/ [값 price + 비싸다 expensive] ADJECTIVE = expensive (ANT. 값싸다)

그 여자는 늘 값비싼 옷만 입어요. Geu yeojaneun neul gapppissa nonman ibeoyo. She always wears expensive clothes.

gapssada 값싸다 /갑싸다/ [값 price + 싸다 cheap] ADJECTIVE = cheap (ANT. 값비싸다)

아내는 시장에서 값싼 물건만 사요. Anaeneun sijangeseo gapssan mulgeonman sayo. My wife only buys inexpensive items at the market.

gaptta 갚다 /갑따/ VERB = repay

나머지는 다음에 갚을게요. Nameojineun daeume gapeulkkeyo. I’ll pay you back the rest next time.

garaantta 가라앉다 /가라안따/ VERB = sink, go under (ANT. 뜨다¹ 1)

배가 바다 속으로 가라앉았다. Baega bada sogeuro garaanjattta. The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.

garaiptta 갈아입다 /가라입따/ [갈아 change (from 갈다) + 입다 wear] VERB = change (one’s clothes)

옷 갈아입는 곳이 어디예요? Ot garaimneun gosi eodiyeyo? Where’s the fitting room?

garatada 갈아타다 /가라타다/ [갈아 change (from 갈다) + 타다 ride] VERB = change (cars), transfer (to)

다음 역에서 2호선으로 갈아타세요. Daeum yeogeseo i hoseoneuro garataseyo. Transfer to line number 2 at the next stop.

갈아타는 곳 garataneun got transfer point

*gareuchida 가르치다 VERB = teach (ANT. 배 우다)

저는 학교에서 음악을 가르치고 있습니다. Jeoneun hakkkyoeseo eumageul gareuchigo itsseumnida. I teach music at school.

NOTE: Take care to avoid confusion between 가 르치다 (to teach) and 가리키다 (to point out).

garida 가리다¹ VERB = screen, hide

사람들 앞에서 하품할 때는 입을 가려야 하는 거야. Saramdeul apeseo hapumhal ttaeneun ibeul garyeoya haneun geoya. You should cover your mouth when you yawn in public.

garida 가리다² VERB = distinguish, determine

결국 양 팀은 승부를 가리지 못했어요. Gyeolguk yang timeun seungbureul gariji motaesseoyo. In the end, the two teams were unable to decide the winner.

말을 가려서 해! Mareul garyeoseo hae! Watch your mouth!

garikida 가리키다 VERB = point, indicate

시계가 다섯 시를 가리키고 있어요. Sigyega daseot ssireul garikigo isseoyo. The clock shows five o’clock.

NOTE: Take care to avoid confusion between 가 르치다 (to teach) and 가리키다 (to point out).

garo 가로 NOUN = width (ANT. 세로)

종이를 가로로 접으세요. Jongireul garoro jeobeuseyo. Fold the paper along the width.

garodeung 가로등 [街 street + 路 road + 燈 lamp → a lamp on the street] NOUN = streetlamp

이 길은 가로등이 없어서 너무 위험해요. I gireun garodeungi eopsseoseo neomu wiheomhaeyo. This street is very dangerous because there aren’t any streetlamps.

garomaktta 가로막다 /가로막따/ VERB = block, obstruct

트럭이 제 차를 가로막고 있어요. Teureogi je chareul garomakkko isseoyo. A truck is in my car’s way.

garosu 가로수 [街 street + 路 road + 樹 tree → trees on the street] NOUN = street trees

길 양옆에 가로수가 늘어서 있어요. Gil ryangnyeope garosuga neureoseo isseoyo. There’re trees along both sides of the street.

garu 가루 NOUN = powder, dust

분필 가루는 몸에 매우 안 좋다. Bunpil garuneun mome maeu an jota. Chalk dust is very harmful to our health.

garyeong 가령 [假 false + 令 say → a word that is used to suppose something even though it may not be true] ADVERB = if, supposing

가령 어린 시절로 돌아갈 수 있다면 어떻게 할 거야? Garyeong eorin sijeollo doragal ssu itttamyeon eotteoke hal kkeoya? If you could go back in time to when you were young, what would you do?

gasa 가사 [歌 sing + 詞 word → words of a song] NOUN = lyrics

이 노래는 가사가 정말 좋아요. I noraeneun gasaga jeongmal joayo. This song has great lyrics.

gaseu 가스 [from English gas] NOUN = gas

가스 잠근 거 확실해? Gaseu jamgeun geo hwakssilhae? Are you sure you turned off the gas?

*gaseum 가슴 NOUN

1 = chest

셔츠를 가슴 아래까지 올려 주세요. Syeocheureul gaseum araekkaji ollyeo juseyo. Pull up your shirt to your chest, please.

2 = heart, mind (SYN. 마음)

그 소식에 가슴이 너무 아팠어요. Geu sosige gaseumi neomu apasseoyo. The news broke my heart.

IDIOMS

gaseume moseul baktta 가슴에 못(을) 박다 = break someone’s heart

그 말은 네 엄마 가슴에 못을 박는 말이야. Geu mareun ne eomma gaseume moseul bang-neun mariya. What you said breaks your mother’s heart.

gaseume soneul eontta 가슴에 손(을) 얹다 = try to be conscientious

가슴에 손을 얹고 생각해 봐. Gaseume soneul eonkko saenggakae bwa. I want you to sincerely ask yourself.

gaseume wa data 가슴에 와 닿다 = touch one’s heart, hit home

그 노래의 가사가 가슴에 와 닿았어요. Geu noraee gasaga gaseume wa daasseoyo. The song’s lyrics touched my heart.

gaseumeul chida 가슴(을) 치다 = bitterly regret (SYN. 땅을 치다)

부모님이 돌아가신 후에 가슴을 치고 후회해도 소용없어요. Bumonimi doragasin hue gaseumeul chigo huhoehaedo soyongeopsseoyo. It’s no use bitterly regretting after your parents pass away.

gaseumeul taeuda 가슴(을) 태우다 = worry sick (SYN. 속을 태우다, 애를 태우다)

딸아이한테서 전화가 안 와서 하루 종일 가슴을 태웠어요. Ttaraihanteseo jeonhwaga a nwaseo haru jongil gaseumeul taewosseoyo. I worried sick all day long because there was no call from my daughter.

gaseumi neoltta 가슴이 넓다 = be generous (SYN. 속이 넓다, 마음이 넓다)

그 사람은 굉장히 가슴이 넓은 사람이에요. Geu sarameun goengjanghi gaseumi neolbeun saramieyo. He is a very generous man.

gaseumi ttwida 가슴(이) 뛰다 = one’s heart pounds

난 걔만 보면 가슴이 마구 뛰어. Nan gyaeman bomyeon gaseumi magu ttwieo. I feel my heart beating fast whenever I see him.

gaseumssok 가슴속 /가슴쏙/ [가슴 heart + 속 inside] NOUN = one’s mind (SYN. 마음속)

걔 말이 아직도 가슴속에 남아요. Gyae mari ajiktto gaseumssoge namayo. His words still remain in my mind.

*gasu 가수 [歌 sing + 手 person → a person who sings professionally] NOUN = singer

어렸을 때 저는 가수가 되는 게 꿈이었어요. Eoryeosseul ttae jeoneun gasuga doeneun ge kkumieosseoyo. When I was a child, I dreamed of becoming a singer.

gatchuda 갖추다 /갇추다/ VERB = be equipped (with)

이 호텔은 방마다 에어컨을 갖추고 있어요. I hotereun bangmada eeokeoneul gatchugo isseoyo. Each room in this hotel is equipped with an air conditioner.

gatkkaji 갖가지 /갇까지/ DETERMINER = various, several kinds of

이 시장에는 갖가지 물건들이 다 있어요. I sijangeneun gatkkaji mulgeondeuri da isseoyo. All kinds of items are on sale at this market.

gattta 갖다 /갇따/ = shortened form of 가지다¹ gajida

*gattta 같다 /갇따/ ADJECTIVE

1 = same, identical (SYN. 동일하다, 똑같다)

저는 누나랑 키가 같아요. Jeoneun nunarang kiga gatayo. I’m the same height as my elder sister.

2 = like, similar, alike

저는 축구 같은 거친 운동을 좋아하지 않아요. Jeoneun chukkku gateun geochi nundongeul joahaji anayo. I don’t like rough sports like soccer.

3 = likely

오늘 밤에 비가 올 것 같아요. Oneul bame biga ol kkeot gatayo. It looks like it’s going to rain tonight.

NOTE: 같다 1 is used as - 와/과 같다, and 같다 2 usually appears after a noun without a particle. With meaning 3, 같다 is mostly used as 것 같다.

gatttajuda 갖다주다 /갇따주다/ = shortened form of 가져다주다 gajeodajuda

*gaunde 가운데 NOUN = center, the middle (SYN. 중앙, 중간)

가운데 자리로 주시겠어요? Gaunde jariro jusigesseoyo? Could we have center seats?

gawi 가위 NOUN = scissors

비행기 안에 가위를 들고 들어가실 수 없습니다. Bihaenggi ane gawireul deulgo deureogasil ssu eopsseumnida. Scissors cannot be carried onto the plane.

gayo 가요 [歌 sing + 謠 song] NOUN = popular music

저는 가요도 즐겨 들어요. Jeoneun gayodo jeulgyeo deureoyo. I enjoy listening to popular music, too.

*ge 게¹ ENDING = adverbial ending

행복하게 살아라. Haengbokage sarara. Live happily.

NOTE: 게 is attached to the stem of verbs/adjectives to modify them into an adverb.

ge 게² NOUN = crab

제가 살던 곳에서는 게가 아주 쌌어요. Jega saldeon goseseoneun gega aju ssasseoyo. Crabs were so cheap where I came from.

ge 게³ = shortened form of 것이

시내 구경을 하시는 게 어때요? Sinae gugyeongeul hasineun ge eottaeyo? How about taking a tour of the city?

gedaga 게다가 ADVERB = besides, moreover

지금은 배가 안 고파요. 게다가 라면도 별로 안 좋아하고요. Jigeumeun baega an gopayo. Gedaga ramyeondo byeollo an joahagoyo. I’m not hungry now. Besides, I don’t like ramen much.

geeureuda 게으르다 ADJECTIVE = lazy (ANT. 부지런하다)

게으른 건 여전하구나. Geeureun geon yeojeonhaguna. You are still as lazy as ever.

*geim 게임 [from English game] NOUN = game

온라인 게임 즐겨 하세요? Ollain geim jeulgyeo haseyo? Do you enjoy online games?

*geo 거 = colloquial word of 것 geot

geoaek 거액 [巨 great + 額 amount of money → a great amount of money] NOUN = fortune, large sum of money

거액의 상금 geoaege sanggeum large sum of prize money

geobu(hada) 거부 (하다) [拒 resist + 否 deny] I NOUN = refusal, rejection (SYN. 거절) II VERB = refuse, reject (SYN. 거절하다)

학생들이 그 교수의 수업을 거부하고 있어요. Hakssaengdeuri geu gyosue sueobeul geobuhago isseoyo. Students are refusing to attend the professor’s class.

geochida 거치다 VERB = pass through

은행을 거쳐 회사에 갈 거야. Eunhaengeul geocheo hoesae gal kkeoya. I’m going to go to the office by way of the bank.

geochilda 거칠다 ADJECTIVE = rough, coarse (ANT. 곱다)

요즘 아이들은 말투가 거칠어요. Yojeum aideureun maltuga geochireoyo. Young kids these days talk rough.

geodaehada 거대하다 [巨 great + 大 big + 하 다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = huge, great

고속도로가 거대한 주차장이 되어 버렸어요. Gosokttoroga geodaehan juchajangi doeeo beoryeosseoyo. The freeway became a huge parking lot.

geodeulda 거들다 VERB = help (SYN. 돕다)

특별히 할 일 없으면 어머니 거들어라. Teukppyeolhi hal il eopsseumyeon eomeoni geoduereora. Help your mother if you don’t have something special to do.

geodeun 거든 ENDING

1 = if

시간이 있거든 놀러 와라. Sigani itkkeodeun nolleo wara. If you have time, come on over.

2 = declarative ending

아마 철수는 그걸 들 수 있을 거예요. 걔가 저보다 힘이 세거든요. Ama cheolssuneun geugeol deul ssu isseul kkeoyeyo. Gyaega jeoboda himi segeodeunnyo. Maybe Chulsu can lift it. He is stronger than me.

NOTE: The connective ending 거든 is usually followed by an imperative or propositive expression. When 거든 is used as a declarative one, it has the tone of letting the listener know new information he/she suposedly didn’t know before. To show politeness, the particle 요 can be added.

geoduda 거두다 VERB

1 = collect, gather, harvest (SYN. 걷다² 1)

뿌린 대로 거둔다. Ppurin daero geodunda. As you sow, so shall you reap.

2 = achieve, gain

그 영화는 엄청난 성공을 거두었어요. Geu yeonghwaneun eomcheongnan seonggongeul geodueosseoyo. The movie was a stupendous success.

*geogi 거기 PRONOUN, ADVERB = there

거기서 뭐 하는 거야? Geogiseo mwo haneun geoya? What are you doing there?

거기 그대로 있어. Geogi geudaero isseo. Stay right where you are.

geoi 거의 /거이/ ADVERB = almost

거의 다 됐어요. Geoi da dwaesseoyo. I’m almost finished.

geojeol(hada) 거절 (하다) [拒 resist + 絶 never] I NOUN = refusal, rejection II VERB = refuse, reject

그 여자의 부탁을 차마 거절할 수가 없었어요. Geu yeojae butageul chama geojeolhal ssuga eopsseosseoyo. I couldn’t possibly refuse her request.

geojinmal(hada) 거 짓 말 거짓말 (하 다 하다) /거진말 (하다) / [거짓 lie + 말 saying] I NOUN = lie II VERB = lie

거짓말하지 마. Geojinmalhaji ma. Don’t lie to me.

geojit 거짓 /거짇/ NOUN = lie, untruth

그 사람이 한 말은 모두 거짓으로 드러났어요. Geu sarami han mareun modu geojiseuro deureonasseoyo. All that he said turned out to be a lie.

*geokjjeong(hada) 걱정 (하다) /걱쩡 (하다) / I NOUN = worry, anxiety (SYN. 염려) II VERB = worry, feel uneasy (SYN. 염려하다)

무슨 걱정 있어요? Museun geokjjeong isseoyo? Do you have something you’re worried about?

geokjjeongdoeda 걱정되다 /걱쩡되다/ [걱 정 worry + 되다 become] VERB = be worried

아빠의 건강이 걱정돼요. Appae geongangi geokjjeongdwaeyo. I’m concerned for my dad’s health.

geokjjeongseureoptta 걱정스럽다 /걱쩡스럽따/ [걱정 worry + 스럽다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = worried, anxious

너 혼자 보내려니 좀 걱정스럽네. Neo honja bonaeryeoni jom geokjjeongseureomne. I’m a little concerned about sending you away alone.

geokkuro 거꾸로 ADVERB = upside down, inside out, backward

저, 장갑을 거꾸로 끼신 것 같은데요. Jeo, janggabeul geokkuro kkisin geot gateundeyo. Excuse me, but you seem to have your gloves on inside out.

geolchida 걸치다 VERB = wear, slip on

코트 걸치고 나가. 밖이 아직 추워. Koteu geolchigo naga. Bakki ajik chuwo. Put on a coat before going out. It’s still cold outside.

*geolda 걸다¹ VERB = hang

그 그림 벽에 거는 건 어떨까? Geu geurim byeoge geoneun geon eotteolkka? Why don’t we hang the picture on the wall?

*geolda 걸다² VERB

1 = call, phone

나 급한 전화를 걸어야 해. Na geupan jeonhwareul georeoya hae. I have to make an urgent phone call.

2 = talk, address

나 지금 바쁘니까 말 걸지 마. Na jigeum bappeunikka mal geolji ma. I’m busy now. Don’t talk to me.

geollida 걸리다¹ VERB = take (time) (SYN. 들다¹ 1)

기본적인 것들을 배우는 데는 얼마 안 걸려. Gibonjeogin geottteureul baeuneun deneun eolma an geollyeo. It doesn’t take long to learn the basics.

geollida 걸리다² [걸다 hang + 리 passive suffix] VERB

1 = hang, be hung (SYN. 달리다² 1)

벽에 걸려 있던 그림 어디 갔어? Byeoge geollyeo ittteon geurim eodi gasseo? Where’s the picture that was on the wall?

2 = catch (a cold), get sick (들다¹ 3)

저는 감기에 걸려도 약을 잘 안 먹어요. Jeoneun gamgie geollyeodo yageul jal an meogeoyo. I don’t usually take medicine when I catch a cold.

3 = be caught

생선 뼈가 목에 걸렸어요. Saengseon ppyeoga moge geollyeosseoyo. A fish bone got stuck in my throat.

NOTE: 걸리다 2 takes the particle - 에, while 들다 takes the particle - 이/가.

*geomeunsaek 검은색 검은색 /거믄색/ [검은 black (from 검다) + 色 color] NOUN = black (SYN. 까만색)

검은색 가죽 코트를 찾고 있어요. Geomeunsaek gajuk koteureul chatkko isseoyo. I’m looking for a black leather coat.

geomjeongsaek 검정색 = 검은색 geomeunsaek

geomnada 겁나다 /검나다/ [怯 fear + 나다 occur] VERB = get frightened

나 지금 겁나서 죽을 것 같아. Na jigeum geomnaseo jugeul kkeot gata. I’m scared to death now.

geomsa(hada) 검사¹(하다) [檢 inspect + 査 examine] I NOUN = examination, test II VERB = examine, check

지금 막 검사 결과가 나왔습니다. Jigeum mak geomsa gyeolgwaga nawatsseumnida. We just got your test results.

geomsa 검사² [檢 inspect + 事 work → people who work to inspect cases] NOUN = (public) prosecutor

이 사건의 담당 검사가 누구죠? I sakkeone damdang geomsaga nugujyo? Who is the prosecutor in this case?

geomsaek(ada) 검색 (하다) [檢 nspect + 索 search] I NOUN = search II VERB = search, browse

인터넷에서 검색해 봐. Inteoneseseo geomsaekae bwa. Search on the Internet.

geomto(hada) 검토 (하다) [檢 inspect + 討 discuss] I NOUN = examination, check, review II VERB = examine, check

이거 좀 검토해 봐 주시겠어요? Igeo jom geomtohae bwa jusigesseoyo? Would you check this out for me?

geomtta 검다 /검따/ ADJECTIVE = black (SYN. 까맣다)

장례식에 참석한 사람들은 모두 검은 옷을 입고 있었다. Jangnyesige chamseokan saramdeureun modu geomeu noseul ipkko isseottta. All those who attended the funeral wore black.

geona 거나 ENDING = or

주말에는 보통 영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요. Jumareneun botong nyeonghwareul bogeona chaegeul ilgeoyo. On weekends I usually watch movies or read books.

geonchuk 건축 [建 build + 築 construct] NOUN = construction, architecture

이 지역은 건축 조건이 아주 엄격해요. I jiyeogeun geonchuk jjokkeoni aju eomkkyeokaeyo. Building conditions in this area are very strict.

geondeurida 건드리다 VERB

1 = touch, jog

머리 좀 건드리지 마. Meori jom geondeuriji ma. Don’t touch my head/hair.

2 = annoy

나 기분 별로니까 건드리지 마. Na gibun byeollonikka geondeuriji ma. I’m in a bad mood. Leave me alone.

*geongang(hada) 건강 (하다) [健 healthy + 康 comfortable] I NOUN = health II ADJECTIVE = healthy (ANT. 아프다)

저는 아주 건강해요. Jeoneun aju geonganghaeyo. I’m as healthy as a horse.

커피는 건강에 해로워요. Keopineun geongange haerowoyo. Coffee is bad for your health.

geonjida 건지다 VERB

1 = fish out, scoop

물에 빠뜨린 동전 건지고 있어요. Mure ppatteurin dongjeon geonjigo isseoyo. I’m trying to pick up the coin that I dropped in the water.

2 = save

네 덕분에 목숨을 건졌어. Ne deokppune mokssumeul geonjeosseo. You saved my life.

geonjohada 건조하다 [乾 dry + 燥 dry + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = dry, arid

요즘은 날씨가 건조해서 불이 나기 쉬워. Yojeumeun nalssiga geonjohaeseo buri nagi swiwo. Fire can easily break out because of the recent dry weather.

*geonmul 건물 [建 build + 物 thing] NOUN = building

모퉁이를 돌면 바로 건물이 있습니다. Motungireul dolmyeon baro geonmuri itsseumnida. The building is just around the corner.

geonneda 건네다 VERB

1 = pass, hand

그 사람은 몰래 정치인에게 돈을 건넨 사실이 드러났다. Geu sarameun mollae jeongchiinege doneul geonnen sasiri deureonattta. It turned out that he slipped some money to politicians.

2 = speak

그 여자는 너무 차가워서 말 한마디 건네지 못했어. Geu yeojaneun neomu chagawoseo mal hanmadi geonneji motaesseo. She was so cold that I couldn’t say a word to her.

geonnejuda 건네주다 [건네 pass (from 건네다) + 주다 give] VERB = pass, hand

소금 좀 건네줄래? Sogeum jom geonnejullae? Can you pass me the salt?

geonneo 건너 NOUN = opposite side, the other side (SYN. 건너편)

저는 길 건너에 살아요. Jeoneun gil geonneoe sarayo. I live across the street.

geonneoda 건너다 VERB = cross (over)

여기서 길을 건너지 마세요. Yeogiseo gireul geonneoji maseyo. Don’t cross the street here.

geonneogada 건너가다 [건너 cross (from 건

너다) + 가다 go] VERB = cross (over), go over

사람들이 길을 건너갈 때까지 기다리세요. Saramdeuri gireul geonneogal ttaekkaji gidariseyo. Wait until people finish crossing the street.

geonneooda 건너오다 [건너 cross (from 건너 다) + 오다 come] VERB = cross (over), come over

그 사람이 길을 건너왔다. Geu sarami gireul geonneowattta. He came across the street.

geonneopyeon 건너편 = 건너 geonneo

geonseol(hada) 건설 (하다) [建 build + 設 build] I NOUN = construction, building II VERB = build, construct

그 다리는 아직 건설 중이에요. Geu darineun ajik geonseol jungieyo. The bridge is still under construction.

geop 겁 [怯 fear] NOUN = fear, fright

저는 겁이 많은 편이에요. Jeoneun geobi maneun pyeonieyo. I’m rather chicken-hearted.

geopum 거품 NOUN = foam, lather

맥주 거품은 걷어 내라. Maekjju geopumeun geodeo naera. Skim off the beer suds.

*georeogada 걸어가다 /거러가다/ [걸어 walk (from 걷다) + 가다 go] VERB = go on foot

걸어갈까? 아니면 차로? Georeogalkka? Animyeon charo? Would you like to go on foot? Or by car?

*georeooda 걸어오다 /거러오다/ [걸어 walk (from 걷다) + 오다 come] VERB = come on foot

우리가 얼마나 걸어온 거죠? Uriga eolmana georeoon geojyo? How far have we walked?

georeum 걸음 /거름/ [걸 walk (from 걷다) + 음 nominal suffix] NOUN = step, pace

저는 걸음이 빠른 편이에요. Jeoneun georeumi ppareun pyeonieyo. I am a rather fast walker.

*geori 거리¹ NOUN = street, road (SYN. 길거리)

서울의 거리는 지나가는 사람들로 늘 복잡해요. Seoure georineun jinaganeun saramdeullo neul bokjjapaeyo. Seoul’s avenues are always busy with pedestrians.

geori 거리² [距 distance + 離 leave] NOUN = distance

서울에서 부산까지의 거리는 얼마나 되나요? Seoureseo busankkajie georineun eolmana doenayo? What is the distance between Seoul and Busan?

IDIOMS

georiga saenggida 거리가 생기다 = feel some distance from sb

걔와 다툰 이후로 거리가 생겼어요. Gyaewa datun nihuro georiga saenggyeosseoyo. After the argument, I feel some distance from him.

georireul duda 거리를 두다 = keep one’s distance

그 애랑 잠시 거리를 두고 싶어. Geu aerang jamsi georireul dugo sipeo. I’d like to keep my distance from him for a while.

geori 거리³ DEPENDENT NOUN = material, thing, subject

마실 거리 좀 가져와라. Masil kkeori jom gajeowara. Bring something to drink.

NOTE: 거리 is used as - ㄹ/을 거리 after a verb. It’s pronounced as / 꺼리 kkeori / in a sentence.

geosil 거실 [居 stay + 室 room → a room where you usually stay and relax] NOUN = living room

화장실은 거실 옆에 있어요. Hwajangsireun geosil ryeope isseoyo. The bathroom is next to the living room.

*geot 것 /걷/ DEPENDENT NOUN = thing, fact

다른 것들이 모두 너무 비싸서 이거 골랐어요. Dareun geottteuri modu neomu bissaseo igeo gollasseoyo. I chose this one because the other ones were all too expensive.

geot 겉 /걷/ NOUN = the outside, exterior, the surface (ANT. 속 1)

이 차는 겉으로는 괜찮아 보여도 사실 엔진에 문제가 있습니다. I chaneun geoteuroneun gwaenchana boyeodo sasil enjine munjega itsseumnida. On the surface, this car looks fine, but actually it has an engine problem.

*geottta 걷다¹ /걷따/ VERB = walk

왜 그렇게 빨리 걸어요? Wa e geureoke ppalli georeoyo? Why are you walking so fast?

geottta 걷다² /걷따/ VERB

1 = gather (up), bring in (SYN. 거두다 1)

우리는 돈을 걷어서 선생님의 선물을 샀다. Urineun doneul geodeoseo seonsaengnime seonmureul sattta. We collected money to buy our teacher a gift.

2 = roll up

소매를 걷어 주세요. Somaereul geodeo juseyo. Please roll up your sleeves.

*geoul 거울 NOUN = mirror

왜 하루 종일 거울만 보고 있는 거니? Wae haru jongil geoulman bogo inneun geoni? Why are you looking into the mirror all day long?

gesipan 게시판 [揭 hang + 示 show + 板 board → board that hangs on the wall to show something] NOUN = notice board, bulletin board

사이트가 너무 썰렁해. 게시판에 글 좀 올려. Saiteuga neomu sseolleonghae. Gesipane geul jo mollyeo. The website is deserted. Post something on the bulletin board.

*get 겠 /겓/ SUFFIX = future tense suffix

저는 반드시 병을 이겨내겠습니다. Jeoneun bandeusi byeongeul igyeonaegetsseumnida. I will overcome the disease at any cost.

어린아이도 그 문제는 풀겠어요. Eorinaido geu munjeneun pulgesseoyo. Even a child can solve the problem.

NOTE: 겠 is attached to the stem of verbs/adjectives and followed by other endings. It signifies the speaker’s strong intention or supposition in future.

*geu 그¹ DETERMINER = the, that

그 남자 미안하다는 말도 없이 그냥 갔어? Geu namja mianhadaneun maldo eopssi geunyang gasseo? Did that man just go without saying sorry?

NOTE: To check out the difference among 이, 그, and 저, see the note on 이² i.

*geu 그² PRONOUN = [written] he

그는 좋은 사람이다. Geuneun joeun saramida. He is a good man.

NOTE: Technically, 그 refers to the third person, irrespective of the gender. Some people intentionally use 그 when they say about female. But generally 그 is used for male, and 그녀 is used for female.

*geubun 그분 [그 that + 분 person] PRONOUN = he, she (honorific of 그 사람)

그분 전화번호 아세요? Geubun jeonhwabeonho aseyo? Do you know his/her number?

geuchida 그치다 VERB = stop, cease

드디어 비가 그쳤어요. Deudieo biga geucheosseoyo. Finally, the rain stopped.

geudae 그대 PRONOUN = [poetic] you

나의 연인 그대 nae yeonin geudae my one and only you

geudaero 그대로 [그 that + 대로 as] ADVERB = as it is, like that

움직이지 말고 그대로 있어. Umjigiji malgo geudaero isseo. Don’t move and stay still.

geudaeum 그다음 [그 that + 다음 next] NOUN = the next after that

회의는 그다음 날로 연기됐어요. Hoeineun geudaeum nallo yeongidwaesseoyo. The meeting has been postponed till the next day.

geudaji 그다지 ADVERB = very much, so, that (별 로, 그리²)

저는 소주를 그다지 좋아하지 않아요. Jeoneun sojureul geudaji joahaji anayo. I don’t like soju very much.

NOTE: 그다지 is followed by a negative expression.

*geudongan 그동안 [그 that + 동안 while] NOUN, ADVERB = meanwhile (SYN. 그사이)

그동안 어떻게 지냈니? Geudongan eotteoke jinaenni? How have you been?

그동안 고생 많으셨어요. Geudongan gosaeng maneusyeosseoyo. Thank you for all of your time and hard work.

geuge 그게 = shortened form of 그것이

왜 그게 내 탓이야? Wae geuge nae tasiya? Why do I get the blame?

*geugeo 그거 = colloquial word of 그것 geugeot

*geugeot 그것 /그걷/ [그 that + 것 thing] PRONOUN = it, that

그것 참 좋은 생각이네요. Geugeot cham joeun saenggagineyo. That’s a good idea.

*geugot 그곳 /그곧/ [그 that + 곳 place] PRONOUN = that place, there (SYN. 거기)

그곳 날씨는 한국하고 반대야. Geugot nalssineun hangukago bandaeya. The seasons there are opposite to what they are in Korea.

geuhae 그해 [그 that + 해 year] NOUN = that year

그해 겨울은 유난히 추웠어요. Geuhae gyeoureun yunanhi chuwosseoyo. Winter of that year was extraordinarily cold.

geuje 그제 = shortened form of 그저께 geujeokke

geujeo 그저 ADVERB = just (SYN. 그냥 2)

너는 그저 공부만 열심히 하면 돼. Neoneun geujeo gongbuman yeolssimhi hamyeon dwae. You only have to study hard.

geujeokke 그저께 NOUN, ADVERB = the day before yesterday

할아버지께서 그저께 돌아가셨어요. Harabeojikkeseo geujeokke doragasyeosseoyo. My grandfather passed away the day before yesterday.

geujeon 그전 [그 that + 前 before] NOUN = former days

그 사람은 결혼 이후 그전보다 더 열심히 일한다. Geu sarameun gyeolhon ihu geujeonboda deo yeolssimhi ilhanda. He works harder than he used to after he got married.

geujeseoya 그제서야 ADVERB = only when

사람들은 건강을 잃고 나면 그제서야 건강의 중요성을 알게 됩니다. Saramdeureun geongangeul ilko namyeon geujeseoya geongange jungyosseongeul alge doemnida. People realize the importance of health only when they lose it.

geujeya 그제야 = 그제서야 geujeseoya

*geujjok 그쪽 [그 that + 쪽 direction] PRONOUN = that way, there

책상은 그쪽에 놓으세요. Chaekssangeun geujjoge noeuseyo. Put the desk there.

geujung 그중 [그 that + 中 among] NOUN, ADVERB = among them

두 가지가 남아 있는데, 그중 하나를 고르세요. Du gajiga nama inneunde, geujung hanareul goreuseyo. There’re two options remaining that you can choose from.

geuki 극히 /그키/ [極 extreme + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = extremely (SYN. 지극히)

개가 주인을 무는 일은 극히 드물어요. Gaega juineul muneu nireun geuki deumureoyo. It is very rare for a dog to bite his master.

*geukjjang 극장 /극짱/ [劇 drama + 場 place → a place for perfomances such as dramas or shows] NOUN = theater (SYN. 영화관)

극장 앞에서 세 시 반에 보자. Geukjjang apeseo se si bane boja. Let’s meet at 3:30 in front of the theater.

NOTE: 극장 refers to a place where various performances such as plays, musicals, operas as well as movies are performed and played, while 영화 관 means a movie theater.

geukppok(ada) 극복 (하다) /극뽁, 극뽀카다/ [克 overcome + 服 obey] I NOUN = conquest II VERB = overcome

신체적 장애를 극복하다 sinchejeok jangaereul geukppokada overcome physical disabilities

geuktta 긁다 /극따/ VERB = scratch, scrape

아무리 가려워도 긁으면 안 돼요. Amuri garyeowodo geulgeumyeon an dwaeyo. You should not scratch no matter how itchy it is.

geul 글 NOUN = writing

그 사람은 글을 아주 잘 써요. Geu sarameun geureul aju jal sseoyo. He writes very well.

geuljja 글자 /글짜/ [글 writing + 字 letter] NOUN = letter

글자가 너무 작아서 읽을 수가 없어요. Geuljjaga neomu jagaseo ilgeul ssuga eopsseoyo. The letters are too small to read.

geullae 근래 /글래/ [近 close + 來 come] NOUN, ADVERB = recent days, lately (SYN. 최근)

근래 읽은 책 중에서 가장 인상적이었던 것을 말해 보세요. Geullae ilgeun chaek jjungeseo gajang insangjeogieottteon geoseul malhae boseyo. Tell me the most memorable book that you recently read.

geulloja 근로자 /글로자/ [勤 diligent + 勞 work + 者 person → person who works diligently] NOUN = worker, laborer (SYN. 노동자)

이 공장에는 외국인 근로자가 많이 있어요. I gongjangeneun oegugin geullojaga mani isseoyo. There are many foreign workers in this factory.

geulsse 글쎄 INTERJECTION = well

이제 뭐 하고 싶으세요? - 글쎄요, 잘 모르겠어요. Ije mwo hago sipeuseyo? - Geulsseyo, jal moreugesseoyo. What do you want to do now? - Well, I have no idea.

NOTE: To show respect, you can attach the honor-ific particle - 요.

geulsseugi 글쓰기 [글 writing + 쓰기 writing] NOUN = (activity of) writing

저는 어릴 때부터 글쓰기를 좋아했어요. Jeoneun eoril ttaebuteo geulsseugireul joahaesseoyo. I’ve loved writing since I was a child.

geulssi 글씨 [글 writing + 씨] NOUN = handwriting, letter

죄송합니다. 제 글씨 엉망이죠? Joesonghamnida. Je geulssi eongmangijyo? I’m sorry. My handwriting is terrible, I know.

geum 금¹ [金 gold] NOUN = gold

침묵은 금이다. Chimmugeun geumida. Silence is gold.

geum 금² NOUN

1 = line (SYN. 선, 줄¹ 1)

금을 긋다 geumeul geuttta draw a line

2 = crack, fracture

유리에 금이 가 있어. Yurie geumi ga isseo. There is a crack in the glass.

geumaek 금액 /그맥/ [金 gold + 額 amount of money] NOUN = sum (of money)

이 금액을 제 계좌로 넣어 주세요. I geumaegeul je gyejwaro neoeo juseyo. Please deposit this amount into my savings account.

geuman 그만 ADVERB = to that extent only

텔레비전 그만 보고 네 방 좀 치워라. Tellebijeon geuman bogo ne bang jom chiwora. Stop watching TV and clean your room.

geumanduda 그만두다 VERB = stop, drop

농담은 그만둬. Nongdameun geumandwo. Stop joking around.

geumanhada 그만하다 VERB = stop, quit

오늘은 그만하고 집에 갑시다. Oneureun geumanhago jibe gapssida. Let’s call it a day and go home.

geumankeum 그만큼 [그 that + 만큼 as] ADVERB = that much

그만큼 말했는데도 아직 이해가 안 돼? Geumankeum malhaenneundedo ajik ihaega an dwae? How could you still not understand after all this explanation?

geumbang 금방 [今 now + 方 be about to] ADVERB

1 = soon (SYN. 금세)

사장님 금방 돌아오실까요? Sajangnim geumbang doraosilkkayo? Will the boss be back soon?

2 = just now (SYN. 방금)

금방 나가셨기 때문에 금방 오시지는 않을 것 같습니다. Geumbang nagasyeotkki ttaemune geumbang osijineun aneul kkeot gatsseumnida. He just left so I’m afraid it will be a while before he comes back.

geumgo 금고 [金 gold + 庫 storage → storage for valuables such as gold] NOUN = safe, strongbox

중요한 물건은 금고에 보관하세요. Jungyohan mulgeoneun geumgoe bogwanhaseyo. Keep valuables in the safe.

geumhada 금하다 [禁 prohibit + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = prohibit, ban, forbid (SYN. 금지하 다)

청소년에게 담배를 파는 것은 법으로 금하고 있습니다. Cheongsonyeonege dambaereul paneun geoseun beobeuro geumhago itsseumnida. Sales of cigarettes to minors are prohibited by law.

geumji(hada) 금지 (하다) [禁 prohibit + 止 stop] I NOUN = prohibition II VERB = prohibit (SYN. 금하다)

통행 금지 tonghaeng geumji No through road

geumjidoeda 금지되다 [禁 prohibit + 止 stop + 되다 become] VERB = be prohibited

박물관에서는 사진 촬영이 금지되어 있습니다. Bangmulgwaneseoneun sajin chwaryeongi geumjidoeeo itsseumnida. You are not allowed to take photographs in this museum.

geummedal 금메달 [金 gold + 메달 medal] NOUN = gold medal

누가 금메달 땄어요? Nuga geummedal ttasseoyo? Who won the gold medal?

geumnyeon 금년 [今 now + 年 year] NOUN = this year (SYN. 올해)

금년에는 꼭 시집갈 거예요. Geumnyeoneneun kkok ssijipkkal kkeoyeyo. I’ll definitely get married this year.

geumse 금세 ADVERB = soon, shortly (SYN. 금방¹)

저는 술만 마시면 금세 얼굴이 빨개져요. Jeoneun sulman masimyeon geumse eolguri ppalgaejeoyo. My face gets red as soon as I drink alcohol.

geumyeon(hada) 금연 (하다) /그면 (하다) / [禁 prohibit + 煙 smoke] I NOUN = non-smoking II VERB = quit smoking

죄송하지만 이곳은 금연 구역입니다. Joesonghajiman igoseun geumyeon guyeogimnida. Excuse me, but this is a non-smoking area.

*geumyoil 금요일 /그묘일/ [金 gold + 曜 light + 日 day] NOUN = Friday

금요일 저녁에 시간 있어? Geumyoil jeonyeoge sigan isseo? Are you free on Friday night?

*geunal 그날 [그 that + 날 day] NOUN = that day

저는 수요일에 한가한데요, 그날 괜찮으세요? Jeoneun suyoire hangahandeyo, geunal gwaenchaneuseyo? I’m free on Wednesday. Will that day be okay with you?

geunama 그나마 ADVERB = at least, still

죽지 않은 게 그나마 다행이야. Jukjji aneun ge geunama dahaengiya. It’s fortunate that he is alive at least.

geunbon 근본 [根 root + 本 base] NOUN = root, basis

문제의 근본 원인을 파악해야 해요. Munjee geunbo nwonineul paakaeya haeyo. We must get to the bottom of the matter.

geunbonjeok 근본적 [根 root + 本 base + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = fundamental

소설과 영화는 근본적으로 차이가 있습니다. Soseolgwa yeonghwaneun geunbonjeogeuro chaiga itsseumnida. There is a fundamental difference between novels and movies.

*geuncheo 근처 [近 close + 處 place → a place that is close to someone or something] NOUN = neighborhood, vicinity (SYN. 부근)

이 근처에는 화장실이 없어요. I geuncheoeneun hwajangsiri eopsseoyo. There are no restrooms nearby.

geunde 근데 = colloquial word of 그런데 geureonde

geuneul 그늘 NOUN = shade

그늘에 가서 좀 쉬지 그래? Geuneure gaseo jom swiji geurae? Why don’t you rest in the shade?

IDIOMS

geuneu rarae 그늘 아래 = under sb’s care

부모님의 그늘 아래에 있을 때가 좋은 거예요. Bumonime geuneul araee isseul ttaega joeun geoyeyo. The happiest time is when you are still under the care of your parents.

geuneure garida 그늘에 가리다 = be in someone’s shadow

저는 이제까지 형의 그늘에 가려 부모님께 인정을 못 받았어요. Jeoneun ijekkaji hyeonge geuneure garyeo bumonimkke injeongeul mot ppadasseoyo. I lived in the shadow of my big brother and never got recognition from my parents.

geuneuri jida 그늘(이) 지다 = a shadow falls

아버지가 돌아가신 이후, 우리 가족의 삶에 그늘이 지기 시작했어요. Abeojiga doragasin ihu, uri gajoge salme geuneuri jigi sijakaesseoyo. There was a dark cloud hanging over my family after my father died.

geungeo(hada) 근거 (하다) [根 root + 據 ground] I NOUN = grounds, basis, foundation II VERB = be based on

네 말은 전혀 근거가 없어. Ne mareun jeonhyeo geungeoga eopsseo. What you said is groundless.

geungjeongjeok 긍정적 [肯 agree + 定 decide + 的 of → of agreeing and thus deciding to do so] NOUN, DETERMINER = positive, affirmative (ANT. 부 정적)

긍정적으로 생각해. Geungjeongjeogeuro saenggakae. Look on the bright side.

geunmu(hada) 근무 (하다) [勤 work + 務 exert] I NOUN = work II VERB = work (SYN. 일하다)

지금은 근무 중이에요. 이따가 전화 주세요. Jigeumeun geunmu jungieyo. Ittaga jeonhwa juseyo. I’m on duty right now. Call me later.

geunom 그놈 [그 that + 놈 bastard] PRONOUN = [offensive] he

그놈이 먼저 날 주먹으로 쳤어요. Geunomi meonjeo nal jumeogeuro cheosseoyo. The bastard punched me first.

geunwon 근원 /그눤/ [根 root + 源 source] NOUN = root, source

스트레스는 모든 병의 근원이죠. Seuteureseuneun modeun byeonge geunwonijyo. Stress is the cause of all kinds of illnesses.

geunyang 그냥 ADVERB

1 = as it is

그냥 둬. Geunyang dwo. Just leave it as it is.

2 = just (SYN. 그저)

괜찮아요. 그냥 몇 분 동안 쉬면 돼요. Gwaenchanayo. Geunyang myeot ppun dongan swimyeon dwaeyo. That’s okay. I just need to rest for a few minutes.

geunyeo 그녀 [그 he + 女 female] PRONOUN = [written] she

저는 그녀를 사랑합니다. Jeoneun geunyeoreul saranghamnida. I love her.

geunyuk 근육 /그뉵/ [筋 muscle + 肉 flesh] NOUN = muscle

인간의 근육과 뼈는 우주에서 약해집니다. Ingane geunyukkkwa ppyeoneu nujueseo yakaejimnida. Human muscle and bone weaken in space.

geupada 급하다 /그파다/ [急 urgent + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = urgent

급한 일이 생겨서 먼저 가 봐야겠어요. Geupa niri saenggyeoseo meonjeo ga bwayagesseoyo. I have to leave. Something urgent’s come up.

geupi 급히 /그피/ [急 urgent + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = hastily, in a hurry

어디를 그렇게 급히 가세요? Eodireul geureoke geupi gaseyo? Where are you going in such a hurry?

geupjjeunghada 급증하다 /급쯩하다/ [急 rapid + 增 increase + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = increase rapidly

최근 감기 환자가 급증하고 있어요. Choegeun gamgi hwanjaga geupjjeunghago isseoyo. Recently the number of cold patients is on a steep increase.

*geurae 그래¹ INTERJECTION

1 = yes, okay

그래, 맞아. Geurae, maja. Yes, right.

난 유머 감각이 있는 사람이 좋아. -나도 그래. Nan yumeo gamgagi inneun sarami joa. - Nado geurae. I like people with a sense of humor. - Me, too.

2 = really?

나 오늘 점심 굶었어. -그래요? 왜요? Na oneul jeomsim gulmeosseo. - Geuraeyo? Waeyo? I skipped lunch today. - Really? Why?

*geurae 그래² ADVERB = with (doing) that

그 사람 외모는 그래 보여도 대단한 사람이야. Geu saram oemoneun geurae boyeodo daedanhan saramiya. He may not look like it, but actually he is a great man.

geuraedo 그래도 ADVERB = but, nevertheless, still

그래도 난 이게 더 좋아. Geuraedo nan ige deo joa. I still like this one better.

geuraem 그램 [from English gram] DEPENDENT NOUN = gram

딸기는 100그램에 500원이에요. Ttalgineun baek kkeuraeme obae gwonieyo. Strawberries are 500 won per 100 grams.

NOTE: 그람 is also widely used although 그램 is the correct form.

geuraepik 그래픽 [from English graphic] NOUN = graphics

이 게임은 컴퓨터 그래픽이 뛰어나서 인기가 있어요. I geimeun keompyuteo geuraepigi ttwieonaseo inkkiga isseoyo. This game is popular for its excellent computer graphics.

*geuraeseo 그래서 ADVERB = so, therefore

어제는 비가 왔어요. 그래서 소풍이 연기됐어요. Eojeneun biga wasseoyo. Geuraeseo sopungi yeongidwaesseoyo. It rained yesterday, so the picnic was delayed.

세상에. 그래서 어떻게 했니? Sesange. Geuraeseo eotteoke haenni? Oh my god. So what did you do?

geuraeya 그래야 ADVERB = and so

말을 해. 그래야 뭐가 문젠지 알지. Mareul hae. Geuraeya mwoga munjenji alji. Talk to me, so I can see what the problem is.

*geureochiman 그렇지만 /그러치만/ ADVERB = but, however (SYN. 하지만, 그러나)

마음에 들어요. 그렇지만 너무 비싸요. Maeume deureoyo. Geureochiman neomu bissayo. I love it. But it’s too expensive.

geureoda 그러다 VERB = do that

서둘러. 계속 그러다 늦겠다. Seodulleo. Gyesok kkeureoda neutkkettta. Hurry up or you are going to be late.

이게 다 너를 위해서 그러는 거야. Ige da neoreul wihaeseo geureoneun geoya. This is all for you.

geureoke 그렇게 /그러케/ ADVERB = like that, so (SYN. 그리² 2)

왜 그렇게 안 드세요? Wae geureoke an deuseyo? How come you eat so little?

geureoltteutada 그럴듯하다 /그럴뜨타다/ ADJECTIVE = plausible, specious

그럴듯한 핑계를 대는구나. Geureoltteutan pinggyereul daeneunguna. You make a plausible excuse.

*geureom 그럼¹ INTERJECTION = sure, of course

그럼, 당연하지. Geureom, dangyeonhaji. Yes, of course.

geureom 그럼² = shortened form of 그러면 geureomyeon

geureomeuro 그러므로 ADVERB = [written] so, therefore, accordingly (SYN. 따라서)

나는 생각한다. 그러므로 나는 존재한다. Naneun saenggakanda. Geureomeuro naneun jonjaehanda. I think, therefore I am.

*geureomyeon 그러면 ADVERB = and then, if you do so

택시를 타세요. 그러면 제가 마중 갈게요. Taeksireul taseyo. Geureomyeon jega majung galkkeyo. Take a taxi, and then I’ll come to pick you up.

geureon 그런 DETERMINER = such, that

그런 일은 종종 일어나요. Geureo nireun jongjong nireonayo. Such things happen every once in a while.

*geureona 그러나 ADVERB = [written] but, however (SYN. 하지만, 그렇지만)

그 사람 일본인인 것 같습니다. 그러나 확실하지는 않습니다. Geu saram ilboninin geot gatsseumnida. Geureona hwakssilhajineun ansseumnida. I think he’s from Japan. I’m not sure, though.

geureondaero 그런대로 ADVERB = somehow

어떻게 지내세요? -그런대로 잘 지내요. Eotteoke jinaeseyo? - Geureondaero jal jinaeyo. How are things going? - Not too bad.

*geureonde 그런데 ADVERB

1 = well, by the way

그런데 밥은 어디서 먹지? Geureonde babeun eodiseo meokjji? Well, where shall we eat?

2 = however

벌써 다섯 시예요. 그런데 걔한테서 아직 연락이 없어요. Beolsseo daseot ssiyeyo. Geureonde gyaehanteseo ajing nyeollagi eopsseoyo. It’s already five and I still haven’t heard from him.

*geureonikka 그러니까 ADVERB = so

난 괜찮아. 그러니까 말해 봐. Nan gwaenchana. Geureonikka malhae bwa. I’m fine. So tell me.

네가 그러니까 병이 났지. Nega geureonikka byeongi natjji. No wonder you got sick.

*geureota 그렇다 /그러타/ ADJECTIVE = yes, so

저 역시 그렇습니다. Jeo yeokssi geureosseumnida. So am I.

*geureut 그릇 /그륻/ I NOUN = bowl, basin

그릇 치우는 거 좀 도와줄래? Geureut chiuneun geo jom dowajullae? Will you help me clear away the dishes?

II DEPENDENT NOUN = bowl, helping, serving

밥 한 그릇 더 드실래요? Bap han geureut deo deusillaeyo? Would you like another bowl of rice?

IDIOMS

geureusi jaktta 그릇이 작다 = be a man of small capacity

그는 그 일을 맡기에는 그릇이 너무 작아. Geuneun geu ireul matkkieneun geureusi neomu jaga. He doesn’t have what it takes to undertake the job.

geureusi keuda 그릇이 크다 = be a man of great capacity

그 사람은 어릴 때부터 그릇이 컸어. Geu sarameun eoril ttaebuteo geureusi keosseo. He has been a man of great capacity since he was young.

NOTE: Put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …) before 그릇 II.

geuri 그리¹ ADVERB = there

곧 그리 갈게. Got geuri galkke. I’ll be there in a minute.

geuri 그리² ADVERB

1 = so, very (SYN. 별로, 그다지)

사촌들을 그리 자주 만나지는 않아요. Sachondeureul geuri jaju mannajineun anayo. I don’t see my cousins very often.

2 = that, like that (SYN. 그렇게)

어떻게 그리 잘 알아요? Eotteoke geuri ja rarayo? How do you know so well?

NOTE: 그리 is followed by a negative expression.

*geurida 그리다 VERB = draw, paint

이거 뭘 그린 거니? Igeo mwol geurin geoni? What’s this drawing supposed to be?