D
*da 다1 ADVERB, NOUN
1 = all (SYN. 모두, 전부)
내가 빌려 준 책은 다 읽었니? Naega billyeo jun chaegeun da ilgeonni? Did you finish that book I lent you?
지금 내가 갖고 있는 돈은 이게 다예요. Jigeum naega gatkko inneun doneun ige dayeyo. This is all the money I have right now.
2 = almost
시간이 거의 다 됐어. Sigani geoi da dwaesseo. Time is almost up.
*da 다2 PARTICLE = be
이 책은 한국어 교과서다. I chaegeun hangugeo gyogwaseoda. This book is a Korean language textbook.
NOTE: See the note on 이다 ida.
da 다3 = 다가 daga
*da 다4 ENDING
1 = present ending of adjectives
요즘 TV에는 광고가 너무 많다. Yojeum tibieneun gwanggoga neomu manta. There are too many commercials on TV these days.
2 = basic ending of verbs/adjectives
산에 오르다 sane oreuda climb a mountain
dachida 다치다 VERB = hurt, be wounded
어쩌다 다치셨어요? Eojjeoda dachisyeosseoyo? How did you get hurt?
dachida 닫히다 /다치다/ [닫다 close + 히 passive suffix] VERB = close, be closed (ANT. 열리다 1)
어제 그 식당에 갔을 때는 문이 닫혀 있었 어. Eoje geu sikttange gasseul ttaeneun muni dacheo isseosseo. When I got to the restaurant yesterday, it was closed.
dadeumtta 다듬다 /다듬따/ VERB = trim, polish
끝 부분만 다듬어 주세요. Kkeut ppubunman dadeumeo juseyo. Just trim the ends.
dae 대1 [對 face] DEPENDENT NOUN = versus
우리 팀이 2대 0으로 졌어. Uri timi i dae yeongeuro jeosseo. Our team lost the game 2 to 0.
dae 대2 [臺 stage] DEPENDENT NOUN = unit of counting cars
지난주에는 차를 세 대 팔았습니다. Jinanjueneun chareul se dae paratsseumnida. Last week, I sold three cars.
NOTE: Put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …) before 대.
dae 대3 [代 age] DEPENDENT NOUN = (certain times of) one’s age
20대 초반으로 보이세요. Isip ttae chobaneuro boiseyo. You look like you’re in your early 20s.
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (십, 이십, 삼 십, 사십, 오십, …) before 대.
dae 대4 DEPENDENT NOUN = blow
한 대 더 맞고 싶어? Han dae deo matkko sipeo? Do you want another beating?
NOTE: Put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯, …) before 대.
dae 대5 [다 final ending + 고 quotation particle + 해 (from 하다)] ENDING = shortened form of 다고 해 (I heard that …)
소영 씨 아기 가졌대요. Soyeong ssi agi gajeotttaeyo. I heard that Soyoung is expecting.
NOTE: 대 is used when you talk about something you have heard about elsewhere, usually something you haven’t experienced directly. And the particle 요 can be added to show politeness.
daebi(hada) 대비 (하다) [對 face + 備 equip → the act of equipping yourself with something for the future] I NOUN = preparation II VERB = prepare
만약을 대비해서 핸드폰을 가져가라. Manyageul daebihaeseo haendeuponeul gajeogara. Take your mobile phone just in case.
NOTE: 대비하다 means preparing for something usually negative that will happen in the future.
daebubun 대부분 [大 big + 部 group + 分 divide → a large division of a group] I NOUN = most
대부분의 선진국은 주 5일 근무를 합니다. Daebubune seonjingugeun ju o il geunmureul hamnida. Most developed countries have a five-day workweek. II ADVERB = mostly, in large part
그 기사는 대부분 사실이 아니야. Geu gisaneun daebubun sasiri aniya. Most parts of the article is not true.
daechaek 대책 [對 face + 策 plan → plans to solve an issue you are facing] NOUN = measure, step
대책도 없이 왜 회사를 그만두었니? Daechaektto eopssi wae hoesareul geumandueonni? Why did you quit your job without a backup plan?
daeche 대체 = 도대체 dodaeche
daechero 대체로 [大 big + 體 body + 로] ADVERB = generally, overall
대체로 재미있었어. Daechero jaemiisseosseo. Overall, it was fun.
daechul(hada) 대출 (하다) [貸 loan + 出 come] I NOUN = loan II VERB = loan
이 책들을 대출하고 싶은데요. I chaektteureul daechulhago sipeundeyo. I want to check out these books.
요즘은 은행의 대출 조건이 엄격하다. Yojeumeun eunhaenge daechul jjokkeoni eomkkyeokada. These days, banks have strict conditions of loan.
daechung 대충 ADVERB = roughly, approximately (SYN. 대강)
대충 읽어 봤어요. Daechung nilgeo bwasseoyo. I gave it a quick read.
daeda 대다 VERB = put, touch
무릎을 안 굽히고 발가락에 손을 댈 수 있니? Mureupeul an gupigo balkkarage soneul dael ssu inni? Can you touch your toes without bending your knees?
daedanhada 대단하다 ADJECTIVE = great, important, serious (SYN. 엄청나다, 굉장하다)
그걸 벌써 끝내다니 대단하다! Geugeol beolsseo kkeunnaedani daedanhada! It’s incredible that you finished it already!
daedanhi 대단히 [대단 great (from 대단하다) + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = very, really, extremely (SYN. 몹시, 아주, 매우, 굉장히, 무척, 되게)
대단히 감사합니다. Daedanhi gamsahamnida. Thank you so much.
*daedap(ada) 대답 (하다) [對 reply + 答 answer] I NOUN = answer, reply (SYN. 답변) II VERB = answer, reply (SYN. 답변하다)
그건 제가 대답하기 힘든 질문이네요. Geugeon jega daedapagi himdeun jilmunineyo. That’s a difficult question for me to answer.
daedasu 대다수 [大 great + 多 many + 數 number → a great number of things or people] NOUN = majority, most (SYN. 대부분 1)
여기 있는 사람들 대다수가 당신의 의견에 반대합니다. Yeogi inneun saramdeul daedasuga dangsine uigyeone bandaehamnida. Most people here are against your opinion.
daedosi 대도시 [大 big + 都 capital + 市 city] NOUN = large city
대도시에 사는 게 좋으세요? Daedosie saneun ge joeuseyo? Do you enjoy living in the big city?
daegae 대개 [大 big + 槪 most] ADVERB = usually, generally (SYN. 대체로, 보통 III)
저는 금요일 밤에는 대개 늦게 자요. Jeoneun geumyoil bameneun daegae neutkke jayo. I usually go to bed late on Friday nights.
daegang 대강 [大 big + 綱 outline] ADVERB = roughly, approximately (SYN. 대충)
대강 몇 시에 올 거니? Daegang myeot ssie ol kkeoni? Around what time will you come?
daegi(hada) 대기 (하다) [待 wait + 機 chance] I NOUN = waiting II VERB = stand by
아직도 대기 중이야? Ajiktto daegi jungiya? Are you still on hold?
daegieop 대기업 [大 big + 企 plan + 業 business] NOUN = major company, conglomerate (ANT. 중소 기업)
졸업 후에는 대기업에 입사하고 싶어요. Joreop hueneun daegieobe ipssahago sipeoyo. I want to work in a major company after graduation.
daegioyeom 대기오염 [大 big + 氣 air + 汚 dirty + 染 dye → the state in which the air is filled with dirty things] NOUN = air pollution
서울의 대기오염은 정말 심각해요. Seoure daegioyeomeun jeongmal simgakaeyo. Air pollution in Seoul is really serious.
daehada 대하다 [對 face + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB
1 = treat
시어머니는 저를 딸처럼 대하세요. Sieomeonineun jeoreul ttalcheoreom daehaseyo. My mother-in-law treats me like her daughter.
2 = concerning, about (SYN. 관하다)
그럼, 컴퓨터에 대해 더 공부해 보는 게 어떠니? Geureom, keompyuteoe daehae deo gong-buhae boneun ge eotteoni? Well, how about studying more about computers?
NOTE: 대하다 2 is mostly used as - 에 대해 or - 에 대한 after a noun.
*daehak 대학 [大 great + 學 study → a place where students take higher level courses] NOUN = college, university
대학 다닐 때 동아리 활동을 하셨나요? Daehak danil ttae dongari hwalttongeul hasyeonnayo? Did you belong to any clubs in college?
*daehakkkyo 대학교 /대학꾜/ [大 great + 學 study + 校 school] NOUN = university
저는 대학교 4학년이에요. Jeoneun daehakkkyo sa hangnyeonieyo. I’m a senior in university.
daehakkkyosu 대학교수 /대학꾜수/ [大 great + 學 study + 敎 teach + 授 give] NOUN = professor
저는 대학교수입니다. Jeoneun daehakkkyosuimnida. I’m a university professor.
*daehakssaeng 대학생 /대학쌩/ [大 great + 學 study + 生 people] NOUN = university student
요즘 대학생들은 아르바이트를 많이 한다. Yojeum daehakssaengdeureun areubaiteureul mani handa. These days many college students do part-time work.
daehanminguk 대한민국 [大 great + 韓 Korea + 民 people + 國 country] NOUN = South Korea, Republic of Korea (SYN. 한국)
대한민국은 민주주의 국가다. Daehanmingugeun minjujui gukkkada. The Republic of Korea is a democratic nation.
daehoe 대회 [大 big + 會 meet] NOUN = competition, championship
그 마라톤 대회에 참가할 생각이세요? Geu maraton daehoee chamgahal ssaenggagiseyo? Are you going to participate in the marathon?
*daehwa(hada) 대화 (하다) [對 face + 話 talk → a talk with someone face to face] I NOUN = talk, conversation II VERB = talk
우리는 대화가 필요해. Urineun daehwaga piryohae. We need to talk.
daehyeong 대형 [大 great + 型 type] NOUN = large size (ANT. 소형)
어제 이 근처에서 대형 화재가 있었대. Eoje i geuncheoeseo daehyeong hwajaega isseotttae. I heard a big fire broke out near here.
daeip 대입 [大 big + 入 enter] NOUN = college admission (abbreviation of 대학 입학)
대입 시험 daeip ssiheom college admission test
daejeop(ada) 대접 (하다) [待 wait + 接 welcome] I NOUN = reception, treatment II VERB = treat
그런 대접은 처음 받아 봐. Geureon daejeobeun cheoeum bada bwa. I’ve never been treated that way before.
daejung 대중 [大 big + 衆 multitude] NOUN = the (general) public
그 사람은 대중 앞에 모습을 잘 드러내지 않는다. Geu sarameun daejung ape moseubeul jal deureonaeji anneunda. He doesn’t like to make public appearances.
daejunggyotong 대중교통 [大 big + 衆 multitude + 交 coming and going + 通 go through] NOUN = public transportation
대중교통을 이용하시는 게 어때요? Daejunggyotongeul iyonghasineun ge eottaeyo? How do you like using public transportation?
daejungjeok 대중적 [大 big + 衆 multitude + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = popular
그들의 음악은 대중적이면서도 예술적이다. Geudeure eumageun daejungjeogimyeonseodo yesuljjeogida. Their music is both popular and artistic.
daejungmunhwa 대중문화 [大 big + 衆 multitude + 文 culture + 化 become] NOUN = popular culture
21세기의 대중문화 isibil ssegie daejungmunhwa 21st century popular culture
*daek 댁 [宅 house] NOUN = house, home (honorific of 집)
댁이 어디세요? Daegi eodiseyo? Where do you live?
daekka 대가 /대까/ [代 in place of + 價 price] NOUN = reward
대가를 기대하고 한 일이 아닙니다. Daekkareul gidaehago han niri animnida. I didn’t expect anything in return.
NOTE: Be careful of the pronunciation of 대가.
daemun 대문 [大 big + 門 door] NOUN = main entrance, front gate
대문 잠그는 것 잊지 마. Daemun jamgeuneun geo ditjji ma. Don’t forget to lock the gate.
daenat 대낮 /대낟/ NOUN = the middle of the day
9시가 다 되어 가는데도 대낮처럼 환하네. Ahop ssikka da doeeo ganeundedo daenatcheoreom hwanhane. It’s almost nine, but it’s still as bright as day.
daepyo(hada) 대표 (하다) [代 in place of + 表 exterior → the position of taking place for everyone else] I NOUN = representative II VERB = represent
저는 반의 대표로 회의에 참석했습니다. Jeoneun bane daepyoro hoeie chamseokaetsseumnida. I attended the meeting as a representative of my class.
daepyojeok 대표적 [代 in place of + 表 exterior + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = representative, typical
김치는 한국의 대표적인 음식이에요. Gimchineun hanguge daepyojeogi neumsigieyo. Kimchi is the most representative of Korean foods.
daero 대로1 DEPENDENT NOUN
1 = as, like
내가 하라는 대로 해! Naega haraneun daero hae! Do as I say!
2 = as soon as
알게 되는 대로 바로 알려 드리겠습니다. Alge doeneun daero baro allyeo deurigetsseumnida. You’ll know as soon as I know.
NOTE: 대로 is usually used as - ㄴ/은 대로 or - 는 대로 after a verb.
daero 대로2 PARTICLE = (just) as
그는 약속대로 돌아왔다. Geuneun yakssokttaero dorawattta. He came back as promised.
daeryak 대략 [大 big + 略 brief] ADVERB = approximately, roughly (SYN. 약2)
대략 일주일 정도 걸릴 거예요. Daeryak iljjuil jjeongdo geollil kkeoyeyo. It’ll take about a week.
daeryang 대량 [大 great + 量 amount] NOUN = great quantities
할인은 대량 주문에만 적용됩니다. Harineun daeryang jumuneman jeogyongdoemnida. The discount applies to bulk orders only.
daeryuk 대륙 [大 great + 陸 land] NOUN = continent
아시아 대륙 asia daeryuk the Asian Continent
daesa 대사 [臺 stage + 詞 word → words by people on stage] NOUN = lines
대사는 다 외웠어? Daesaneun da oewosseo? Have you memorized your lines?
daesagwan 대사관 [大 great + 使 dispatch + 館 building → a building where a dispatched ambassador stays] NOUN = embassy
여권을 잃어버려서 내일 대사관에 가야 해요. Yeokkwoneul ireobeoryeoseo naeil daesagwane gaya haeyo. I lost my passport so I have to go to the embassy tomorrow.
daesang 대상 [對 face + 象 appearance] NOUN = object, target
이 유치원은 몇 살을 대상으로 하나요? I yuchiwoneun myeot ssareul daesangeuro hanayo? What’s the age group of children at this preschool?
daesin(hada) 대신 (하다) [代 in place of + 身 body] I ADVERB, NOUN = instead (of) II VERB = replace, substitute
커피 대신 물을 주세요. Keopi daesin mureul juseyo. I will have some water, not coffee.
당신을 대신할 사람은 많아요. Dangsineul daesinhal ssarameun manayo. There are many people that can replace you.
daetongnyeong 대통령 /대통녕/ [大 great + 統 command + 領 govern → the great commander of the government] NOUN = president
대통령 선거에서 누가 이기든 관심 없어요. Daetongnyeong seongeoeseo nuga igideun gwansim eopsseoyo. I’m not interested in who wins the presidential election.
*daeum 다음 NOUN, DETERMINER = next (time)
다음 버스는 5분 후에 출발합니다. Daeum beoseuneun o bun hue chulbalhamnida. The next bus leaves in 5 minutes.
다음에는 내가 살게. Daeumeneun naega salkke. It’s on me next time.
daeyeoseot 대여섯 /대여섣/ [대 five (from 다
섯) + 여섯 six] NUMERAL = five or six
올해 스키 타러 대여섯 번쯤 갔어요. Olhae seuki tareo daeyeoseot ppeonjjeum gasseoyo. I have gone skiing five or six times this year.
daga 다가 ENDING = and then
어제 도서관에서 공부를 하다가 잠이 들었어요. Eoje doseogwaneseo gongbureul hadaga jami deureosseoyo. Yesterday I fell asleep at the library while studying.
NOTE: The connective ending 다가 is used when a certain action or state changes into something else. The final 가 can be omitted.
dagagada 다가가다 VERB = approach, go near
그 사람 지금 화가 나 있으니 다가가지 마. Geu saram jigeum hwaga na isseuni dagagaji ma. Keep away from him because he’s angry now.
dagaoda 다가오다 VERB = approach, come up
누군가 다가오는 것을 느꼈다. Nugunga dagaoneun geoseul neukkyeottta. I sensed someone approaching.
시험이 벌써 일주일 앞으로 다가왔어요. Siheomi beolsseo iljjuil apeuro dagawasseoyo. The examination is only a week away already.
dahada 다하다 VERB
1 = run out
목숨이 다할 때까지 너만을 사랑할게. Mokssumi dahal ttaekkaji neomaneul saranghalkke. I’ll love you until I die.
2 = carry out, fulfil
최선을 다해라. Choeseoneul dahaera. Do your best.
dahaeng 다행 [多 much + 幸 fortunate] NOUN = fortune
비가 안 와서 다행이에요. Biga a nwaseo dahaengieyo. I’m glad it’s not raining.
dahaenghi 다행히 [多 much + 幸 fortunate + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = luckily
다행히 심하게 다치지는 않았어요. Dahaenghi simhage dachijineun anasseoyo. Fortunately, the injury is not very serious.
daieoteu 다이어트 [from English diet] NOUN = diet
다이어트 중이세요? Daieoteu jungiseyo? Are you on a diet?
NOTE: 다이어트 means the act of controlling your food intake to lose weight, but it is not used when referring to the food itself.
dajeonghada 다정하다 [多 much + 情 affection + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = kind, friendly
나는 네가 다정한 남자와 결혼했으면 좋겠어. Naneun nega dajeonghan namjawa gyeolhonhaesseumyeon jokesseo. I want you to marry a sweet man.
dajim(hada) 다짐 (하다) I NOUN = promise, resolution II VERB = promise, resolve
남편은 올해에는 반드시 담배를 끊겠다고 다짐했어요. Nampyeoneun olhaeeneun bandeusi dambaereul kkeunketttago dajimhaesseoyo. My husband vowed to quit smoking at any cost this year.
*dak 닭 /닥/ NOUN = chicken, hen
우리 집은 닭을 길러요. Uri jibeun dalgeul gilleoyo. We raise chickens.
dakchida 닥치다1 VERB = approach, come near (SYN. 다가오다)
시험이 어느새 눈앞에 닥쳤어. Siheomi eoneusae nunape dakcheosseo. The examination is near at hand.
dakchida 닥치다2 VERB = [offensive] shut up
입 닥쳐! Ip dakcheo! Shut up!
*dakkkogi 닭고기 /닥꼬기/ [닭 chicken + 고기 meat] NOUN = chicken, poultry
닭고기하고 쇠고기 중에 어느 것을 더 좋아하세요? Dakkkogihago soegogi junge eoneu geoseul deo joahaseyo? Which one do you prefer, chicken or beef?
*daktta 닦다 /닥따/ VERB = mop, clean, wipe, brush
나는 손등으로 이마를 닦았다. Naneun sontteungeuro imareul dakkattta. I wiped my forehead on the back of my hand.
*dal 달 I NOUN = the moon
오늘은 달이 참 밝네! Oneureun dari cham bangne! What a bright moon we have tonight! II DEPENDENT NOUN = month (SYN. 개월)
다이어트를 한 지 한 달 정도 되었어요. Daieoteureul han ji han dal jeongdo doeeosseoyo. I’ve been on a diet for about a month now.
NOTE: 달 II and 개월 are the same in their meaning. But put pure Korean numerals (한, 두, 세, 네, 다섯,…) before 달 and sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오 …) before 개월.
dalda 달다1 ADJECTIVE = sweet, sugary
찌개가 너무 달아요. Jjigaega neomu darayo. The stew is too sugary.
dalda 달다2 VERB = hoist, attach, wear
셔츠에 단추를 다는 중이에요. Syeocheue danchureul daneun jungieyo. I’m putting a button on my shirt.
dalda 달다3 VERB = weigh
이 소포 무게 좀 달아 주세요. I sopo muge jom dara juseyo. Could you weigh this package, please?
dalda 달다4 AUXILIARY VERB = ask, request
내가 빌려 달라고 한 책 가져왔어? Naega billyeo dallago han chaek gajeowasseo? Did you bring the book I asked to borrow?
NOTE: The auxiliary verb 달다 usually appears as - 아/어/여 달라고 after a verb.
dalgyal 달걀 NOUN = hen’s egg (SYN. 계란)
달걀은 어떻게 해 드릴까요? Dalgyareun eotteoke hae deurilkkayo? How would you like your eggs?
dallaeda 달래다 VERB = soothe, comfort
우는 아이 달래는 데는 소질이 없어요. Uneu nai dallaeneun deneun sojiri eopsseoyo. I’m not good at soothing crying babies.
dallajida 달라지다 [달라 different (from 다르다) + 지다 become] VERB = alter, become different (SYN. 변하다, 변화하다)
세상이 지난 십 년 동안 많이 달라졌다. Sesangi jinan sim nyeon dongan mani dallajeottta. The world has changed significantly during the last ten years.
*dalleo 달러 [from English dollar] NOUN = dollar
달러로는 얼마죠? Dalleoroneun eolmajyo? How much is it in dollars?
dalli 달리 ADVERB = unlike
형하고는 달리 저는 건강해요. Hyeonghagoneun dalli jeoneun geonganghaeyo. I’m healthy, unlike my brother.
dallida 달리다1 VERB = run (SYN. 뛰다 1)
더 빨리 달려라. Deo ppalli dallyeora. Run faster.
dallida 달리다2 [달다 attach + 리 passive suffix] VERB
1 = hang (SYN. 걸리다2 1)
나무에 열매가 달려 있다. Namue yeolmaega dallyeo ittta. The tree is laden with fruit.
2 = depend on
모든 게 너에게 달려 있어. Modeun ge neoege dallyeo isseo. Everything is up to you.
dalligi 달리기 [달리 run (from 달리다) + 기 nominal suffix] NOUN = run, race
저는 스포츠, 특히 달리기를 좋아해요. Jeoneun seupocheu, teuki dalligireul joahaeyo. I love sports, especially running.
dallyeodeulda 달려들다 VERB = attack, fly at
어제 산책을 하는데 어떤 여자가 나한테 달려들었어. Eoje sanchaegeul haneunde eotteon nyeojaga nahante dallyeodeureosseo. A woman sprang out at me when I was out taking a walk.
dallyeogada 달려가다 [달려 run (from 달리다)+ 가다 go] VERB = go running
그는 수업이 끝나자마자 집으로 달려갔다. Geuneun sueobi kkeunnajamaja jibeuro dallyeogattta. He ran home as soon as the class was over.
dallyeok 달력 [달 month + 曆 calendar] NOUN = calendar
달력에 아내의 생일을 표시해 두었어야 했는데. Dallyeoge anaee saengireul pyosihae dueosseoya haenneunde. I should have marked the birthday of my wife on the calendar.
dallyeooda 달려오다 [달려 run (from 달리다)+ 오다 come] VERB = come running
그가 내 쪽으로 달려왔다. Geuga nae jjogeuro dallyeowattta. He dashed toward me.
dalppit 달빛 /달삗/ [달 moon + 빛 light] NOUN = moonlight
달빛이 환하다. Dalppichi hwanhada. The moon is shining brightly.
dam 담 NOUN = wall, fence
어제는 열쇠가 없어서 담을 넘어 들어왔어요. Eojeneun yeolssoega eopsseoseo dameul neomeo deureowasseoyo. Yesterday I came in by climbing over the wall because I didn’t have my key.
IDIOM
dameul ssata 담(을) 쌓다 = have no interest
아들 녀석은 공부랑은 담을 쌓았어요. Adeul nyeoseogeun gongburangeun dameul ssaasseoyo. My boy has no interest at all in studying.
daman 다만 ADVERB = only, just, simply (SYN. 단지, 그저, 그냥 2)
다만 한 가지가 마음에 걸려요. Daman han gajiga maeume geollyeoyo. There’s only one thing that concerns me.
*dambae 담배 NOUN = cigarette
하루에 담배를 얼마나 피우세요? Harue dambaereul eolmana piuseyo? How many cigarettes do you smoke a day?
damdang(hada) 담당 (하다) [擔 undertake + 當 be in charge] I NOUN = responsibility II VERB = take charge (of) (SYN. 맡다2 1)
빨래는 제 담당이에요. Ppallaeneun je damdangieyo. It’s my responsibility to do the laundry.
damdangja 담당자 [擔 undertake + 當 be in charge + 者 person] NOUN = the person in charge
담당자 바꿔 드리겠습니다. Damdangja bakkwo deurigetsseumnida. Let me transfer you to the person in charge.
damgeuda 담그다 VERB = soak, put sth in water
우선 쌀을 물에 담가 놔. Useon ssareul mure damga nwa. First, soak rice in water.
damgida 담기다 [담다 put + 기 passive suffix] VERB = be put in
속담에는 깊은 뜻이 담겨 있다. Sokttameneun gipeun tteusi damgyeo ittta. Proverbs are rich in meaning.
damim 담임 /다밈/ [擔 undertake + 任 undertake → a teacher who undertakes the class] NOUN = home room teacher
너희 반 담임 선생님은 누구니? Neohi ban damim seonsaengnimeun nuguni? Who’s your homeroom teacher?
damnyo 담요 /담뇨/ NOUN = blanket
담요 한 장 더 갖다 주시겠어요? Damnyo han jang deo gattta jusigesseoyo? Could you give me an extra blanket?
damtta 닮다 /담따/ VERB = resemble, look like
저는 아버지보다 엄마를 더 닮았어요. Jeoneun abeojiboda eommareul deo dalmasseoyo. I take after my mom’s looks more than my dad’s.
NOTE: 닮다 is usually used in its past tense: 닮았다.
damtta 담다 /담따/ VERB = put, hold
이 물건들을 가방에 담아라. I mulgeondeureul gabange damara. Put these items in a bag.
dan 단 [單 single] DETERMINER = just, only
어젯밤에 단 1분도 못 잤어요. Eojeppame da nil bundo mot jjasseoyo. I didn’t get a minute’s sleep last night.
danche 단체 [團 group + 體 group] NOUN = organization, group
단체 예약을 하면 할인이 되나요? Danche yeyageul hamyeon harini doenayo? Is there a discount for group booking?
danchu 단추 NOUN = button (SYN. 버튼)
노란 단추가 달린 저 블라우스가 마음에 들어요. Noran danchuga dallin jeo beullauseuga maeume deureoyo. I like that blouse with yellow buttons.
NOTE: To check out the difference between 단추 and 버튼, see the note on 버튼 beoteun.
dandanhada 단단하다 ADJECTIVE = hard, solid
배가 단단한 물체에 부딪혔어요. Baega dandanhan mulchee budicheosseoyo. The boat bumped against a solid object.
dandok 단독 [單 single + 獨 alone] NOUN = singleness
여행 중에는 단독으로 행동하면 안 된다. Yeohaeng jungeneun dandogeuro haengdonghamyeon an doenda. You should not act independently during trips.
daneo 단어 /다너/ [單 single + 語 language → a single unit of a language] NOUN = word, vocabulary
너는 기본적인 단어들도 모르는구나. Neoneun gibonjeogin daneodeuldo moreuneunguna. You don’t know even basic words.
dangbungan 당분간 [當 that very + 分 divide + 間 during] ADVERB = for the time being, for a while
당분간 혼자 지내고 싶어. Dangbungan honja jinaego sipeo. I want to be alone for a while.
dangdanghada 당당하다 [堂 house + 堂 house + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = confident, dignified
그 사람은 언제나 당당해 보여. Geu sara-meun eonjena dangdanghae boyeo. He always looks confident.
danggeun 당근 NOUN = carrot
슈퍼에 가서 당근 좀 사 올래? Syupeoe gaseo danggeun jom sa ollae? Can you go to the supermarket and buy some carrots?
danggida 당기다 VERB = pull, draw (ANT. 밀다)
의자를 조금만 앞으로 당겨 주시겠어요? Uijareul jogeumman apeuro danggyeo jusigesseoyo? Would you pull up your chair a little?
danghada 당하다 [當 suitable + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = go through, suffer
여동생이 어제 자동차 사고를 당했어요. Yeodongsaengi eoje jadongcha sagoreul danghaesseoyo. My sister had a car accident yesterday.
danghwanghada 당황하다 [唐 embarrased + 慌 nervous + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = be embarrassed, be puzzled
어제 엄마가 갑자기 찾아오셔서 당황했어요. Eoje eommaga gapjjagi chajaosyeoseo danghwanghaesseoyo. I was taken aback by the sudden visit of my mom.
dangjang 당장 [當 that very + 場 place] ADVERB = right now, at once (SYN. 즉시)
지금 당장 차를 세워! Jigeum dangjang chareul sewo! Pull over the car right now!
dangol 단골 NOUN = regular customer
저는 이 집 단골이에요. Jeoneun i jip dangorieyo. I’m a regular here.
dangsi 당시 [當 that very + 時 time] NOUN, ADVERB = (at) that time
그 당시 저는 직업이 없었어요. Geu dangsi jeoneun jigeobi eopsseosseoyo. At that time, I was jobless.
dangsin 당신 [當 the very + 身 body] PRONOUN = you
나한테는 당신밖에 없어. Nahanteneun dangsinbakke eopsseo. You mean everything to me.
NOTE: 당신 is usually used between husband and wife.
dangye 단계 [段 column + 階 step] NOUN = stage, phase, step
연구는 아직 초기 단계에 있어요. Yeonguneun ajik chogi dangyee isseoyo. The research is still in its early stage.
dangyeonhada 당연하다 [當 suitable + 然 natural + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = natural, reasonable
당신이 화내는 것도 당연해요. Dangsini hwanaeneun geottto dangyeonhaeyo. It is reasonable that you are upset.
dangyeonhi 당연히 [當 suitable + 然 natural + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = of course, absolutely
그 사람 이 시간에는 당연히 자고 있을 거야. Geu saram i siganeneun dangyeonhi jago isseul kkeoya. He must be sleeping at this time of the day.
*danida 다니다 VERB = go, attend
저는 무역 회사에 다닙니다. Jeoneun muyeo koesae danimnida. I work in a trading company.
밤에 혼자 다니는 것은 위험해요. Bame honja danineun geoseun wiheomhaeyo. It’s dangerous to walk around alone at night.
danji 단지 [但 only + 只 only] ADVERB = only, just, simply (SYN. 다만, 그저, 그냥 2)
내가 단지 운이 좋았을 뿐이야. Naega danji uni joasseul ppuniya. I was just lucky. That’s all.
danjjeom 단점 /단쩜/ [短 bad + 點 point] NOUN = flaw, shortcoming (ANT. 장점)
모든 일에는 장점과 단점이 있어요. Modeu nireneun jangjjeomgwa danjjeomi isseoyo. There are pros and cons to everything.
danmat 단맛 /단맏/ [단 sweet (from 달다) + 맛 taste] NOUN = sweet taste
이 과자는 단맛이 너무 강해. I gwajaneun danmasi neomu ganghae. This cookie tastes too sweet.
danpung 단풍 [丹 red + 楓 maple] NOUN = fall foliage
단풍 구경하러 갈까? Danpung gugyeonghareo galkka? Shall we go see the autumn leaves?
dansunhada 단순하다 [單 single + 純 only + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = simple, naive (SYN. 간단하다; ANT. 복잡하다)
이것은 단순한 문제가 아니야. Igeoseun dansunhan munjega aniya. This is not a simple matter.
dansunhi 단순히 [單 single + 純 only + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = simply
우리는 단순히 집이 가깝다는 이유로 친구가 되었어요. Urineun dansunhi jibi gakkapttaneun iyuro chinguga doeeosseoyo. We became friends simply because we lived near each other.
danwi 단위 /다뉘/ [單 single + 位 digit → a single digit against which a larger sum is measured] NOUN = unit, measure
우리나라 돈의 단위는‘원’이에요. Urinara done danwineun wonieyo. The monetary unit of Korea is the won.
danyeogada 다녀가다 [다녀 go (from 다니다) + 가다 go] VERB = come by, drop by and go away
시어머니가 다녀가신 후로 기분이 우울해요. Sieomeoniga danyeogasin huro gibuni uulhaeyo. I’ve been feeling depressed since my mother-in-law dropped in on me.
*danyeooda 다녀오다 [다녀 go (from 다니다) + 오다 come] VERB = go and get back
여행 잘 다녀오세요. Yeohaeng jal danyeooseyo. Have a nice trip.
dap(ada) 답 (하다) [答 answer] I NOUN = answer, reply II VERB = answer, reply
이 답 맞나요? I dap mannayo? Is this answer correct?
dapjjang 답장 /답짱/ [答 answer + 狀 document → a document that is an answer to someone else’s letter] NOUN = reply, answer
답장이 늦어서 죄송합니다. Dapjjangi neujeoseo joesonghamnida. I’m sorry for the late reply.
dapppyeon(hada) 답변 (하다) /답뼌 (하다) / [答 answer + 辯 say] I NOUN = answer, reply (SYN. 답, 대답) II VERB = answer, reply (SYN. 답하다, 대답하다)
그 질문에는 답변하고 싶지 않아요. Geu jilmuneneun dapppyeonhago sipjji anayo. I don’t want to answer that question.
dapttapada 답답하다 /답따파다/ ADJECTIVE
1 = feel heavy
그 사람 소식이 없어 답답해요. Geu saram sosigi eopsseo dapttapaeyo. I fret about not hearing from him.
2 = stifling
이 방 너무 답답해요. I bang neomu dapttapaeyo. The room feels very stuffy.
daranada 달아나다 /다라나다/ VERB = escape, run away (SYN. 도망가다)
도둑이 경찰을 보자마자 달아났다. Dodugi gyeongchareul bojamaja daranattta. The thief ran away as soon as he saw the police.
*dareuda 다르다 ADJECTIVE = different
서울은 다른 아시아 도시들과는 다릅니다. Seoureun dareu nasia dosideulgwaneun dareumnida. Seoul is different from other Asian cities.
NOTE: Many people are confused between 다르 다, which means different and 틀리다, which means to be wrong. In particular they often use 틀리다 in place of 다르다.
서울은 다른 아시아 도시들과 다릅니다 (O) / 틀립니다 (X).
dareumeoptta 다름없다 /다르멉따/ [다름 difference (from 다르다) + 없다 no → of no difference] ADJECTIVE = as good as, same
이 차는 새 거나 다름없어. I chaneun sae geona dareumeopsseo. This car is as good as new.
*dareun 다른 DETERMINER = other (SYN. 딴)
다른 일자리를 찾아보는 건 어때요? Dareun niljjarireul chajaboneun geon eottaeyo? Why don’t you find another job?
*dari 다리1 NOUN = leg
다리 좀 펴야겠어. Dari jom pyeoyagesseo. I need to stretch my legs.
*dari 다리2 NOUN = bridge
이 다리는 현재 수리 중입니다. I darineun hyeonjae suri jungimnida. This bridge is currently under repair.
daruda 다루다 VERB = treat, handle
깨지기 쉬우니 주의해서 다루세요. Kkaejigi swiuni juihaeseo daruseyo. Easy does it. It’s fragile.
*daseot 다섯 /다섣/ NUMERAL = five
그곳까지 약 다섯 시간 걸려요. Geugotkkaji yak daseot ssigan geollyeoyo. It takes about five hours to get there.
*dasi 다시 ADVERB = again (SYN. 또 1, 또다시)
정말 죄송합니다. 다시 그런 일이 없을 겁니다. Jeongmal joesonghamnida. Dasi geureo niri eopsseul keomnida. I’m so sorry. It won’t happen again!
daso 다소 [多 much + 少 little] ADVERB = more or less, somewhat
그 영화는 초반이 다소 지루했어요. Geu yeonghwaneun chobani daso jiruhaesseoyo. The movie was somewhat boring in the beginning.
dasu 다수 [多 many + 數 number] NOUN = many, majority (ANT. 소수)
다수의 결정이 항상 옳은 것은 아니다. Dasue gyeoljjeongi hangsang oreun geoseun anida. A majority’s decision is not always the right one.
data 닿다 /다타/ VERB = touch, reach
이 약은 아이들 손이 닿지 않는 곳에 두세요. I yageun aideul soni dachi anneun gose duseyo. Make sure that you keep this medicine out of the reach of children.
*dattta 닫다 /닫따/ VERB = close (ANT. 열다)
창문 닫아라. Changmun dadara. Close the window. 그 가게는 밤 열 시에 문을 닫는다. Geu gageneun bam nyeol ssie muneul danneunda. The store closes at 10 p.m.
datuda 다투다 VERB = quarrel (SYN. 싸우다)
요즘 여자 친구랑 자주 다퉈요. Yojeum yeoja chingurang jaju datwoyo. These days I often quarrel with my girlfriend.
daun 다운 [from English down] NOUN
1 = markdown
노트북 가격이 많이 다운되었어요. Noteubuk kkagyeogi mani daundoeeosseoyo. Laptop prices have dropped significantly.
2 = crash
컴퓨터가 또 다운이 됐어. Keompyuteoga tto dauni dwaesseo. The computer crashed again.
3 = download
어제 네가 보내 준 파일, 지금 다운 받고 있어. Eoje nega bonae jun pail, jigeum daun batkko isseo. I’m downloading the file that you sent me yesterday.
dayanghada 다양하다 [多 many + 樣 shape + 하다 adjectival suffix → of including many different shapes] ADJECTIVE = various
이 카페에는 다양한 잡지가 있어. I kapeeneun dayanghan japjjiga isseo. There’re many different magazines in this café.
dayangsseong 다양성 /다양썽/ [多 many + 樣 shape + 性 nature] NOUN = diversity
이 제품은 좋긴 하지만 다양성이 부족해요. I jepumeun jokin hajiman dayangsseongi bujokaeyo. This product is good, but it lacks diversity.
de 데 DEPENDENT NOUN = place, part
다친 데 없어요? Dachin de eopsseoyo? Are you all right?
이 책을 다 읽는 데 사흘이 걸렸어요. I chaegeul da ingneun de saheuri geollyeosseoyo. It took me three days to finish this book.
deiteu(hada) 데이트 (하다) [from English date] I NOUN = date II VERB = date
오늘 데이트가 있는데 입을 게 없어요. Oneul deiteuga inneunde ibeul kke eopsseoyo. I have a date tonight, but I have nothing to wear.
*deo 더 ADVERB = more (ANT. 덜)
여동생이 저보다 키가 더 커요. Yeodongsaengi jeoboda kiga deo keoyo. My younger sister is taller than me.
deoguna 더구나 ADVERB = besides, moreover
라면은 별로 먹고 싶지 않아요. 더구나 배도 안 고프고요. Ramyeoneun byeollo meokkko sipjji anayo. Deoguna baedo an gopeugoyo. I don’t want to eat ramen. And besides, I’m not hungry.
deohada 더하다 VERB = add (ANT. 빼다 1)
1에 3을 더하면 4가 된다. Ire sameul deohamyeon saga doenda. One and three makes four.
deok 덕 [德 thanks] NOUN = thanks (SYN. 덕분)
당신 덕에 살았습니다. Dangsin deoge saratsseumnida. I owe you my life.
deokppun 덕분 /덕뿐/ [德 thanks + 分 divide] NOUN = thanks (SYN. 덕)
모두가 도와주신 덕분입니다. Moduga dowajusin deokppunimnida. Thank you all for your help.
deol 덜 ADVERB = less (ANT. 더)
고기가 덜 익었어. Gogiga deol rigeosseo. This steak wasn’t cooked properly.
deolda 덜다 VERB = take food from one’s plate
다 못 먹을 거 같으면 밥을 덜고 나서 먹어라. Da mon meogeul kkeo gateumyeon babeul deolgo naseo meogeora. Eat after taking out some rice if you don’t think you can finish it.
deongeori 덩어리 NOUN = lump, mass
빵 한 덩어리 ppang han deongeori a hunk of bread
deoni 더니 ENDING = since, as
너무 많이 먹었더니 배가 터질 것 같아요. Neomu mani meogeottteoni baega teojil kkeot gatayo. I’m so full and about to burst.
NOTE: The preceding clause is about the past experience and it functions as a pretext for the following clause.
deonjida 던지다 VERB = throw
창문에 돌을 던진 사람이 누구야? Changmune doreul deonjin sarami nuguya? Who threw the stone at the window?
deopida 덮이다 /더피다/ [덮다 cover + 이 passive suffix] VERB = be covered
지구 표면의 약 70%는 물로 덮여 있다. Jigu pyomyeone yak chilssip peosenteuneun mullo deopyeo ittta. About seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered in water.
*deoptta 덥다 /덥따/ ADJECTIVE = hot (ANT. 춥다)
오늘 정말 덥다. Oneul jeongmal deoptta. It’s really hot today.
deoptta 덮다 /덥따/ VERB = cover, close (ANT. 펴다)
머리가 자라서 귀를 덮었어요. Meoriga jaraseo gwireul deopeosseoyo. My hair grew long to cover my ears.
자, 여러분, 책을 덮고 시험 볼 준비하세요. Ja, yeoreobun, chaegeul deopkko siheom bol jjunbihaseyo. Alright, everyone, please close your books and get ready for the test.
deorado 더라도 ENDING = (even) if, though
무슨 일이 있더라도 나는 네 편이야. Museu niri ittteorado naneun ne pyeoniya. Whatever happens, I’m on your side.
deoreoptta 더럽다 /더럽따/ ADJECTIVE = dirty, filthy (SYN. 지저분하다; ANT. 깨끗하다)
옷이 왜 그렇게 더러워? Osi wae geureoke deoreowo? Why are your clothes so dirty?
deotppuchida 덧붙이다 /덛뿌치다/ VERB = add
덧붙이실 말씀 있나요? Deotppuchisil malsseum innayo? Is there anything you’d like to add?
deouk 더욱 ADVERB = much more, increasingly (SYN. 한층)
상황이 더욱 복잡해졌어요. Sanghwangi deouk bokjjapaejeosseoyo. The situation became more complicated.
deouktteo 더욱더 /더욱떠/ = 더욱 deouk
deowi 더위 NOUN = the heat (ANT. 추위)
이번 여름은 정말 더위를 모르고 지냈어. Ibeon nyeoreumeun jeongmal deowireul moreugo jinaesseo. I really didn’t feel the heat this summer.
derida 데리다VERB = pick sb up
몇 시에 데리러 갈까? Myeot ssie derireo galkka? What time should I pick you up?
NOTE: 데리다 is usually used as - 을/를 데리고 or - 을/를 데리러.
deryeogada 데려가다 [데려 pick sb up (from 데리다) + 가다 go] VERB = take
나도 데려가 줘. Nado deryeoga jwo. Take me with you.
deryeooda 데려오다 [데려 pick sb up (from 데 리다) + 오다 come] VERB = bring, fetch
나를 왜 여기에 데려온 거야? Nareul wae yeogie deryeoon geoya? Why did you bring me here?
deuda 데우다 VERB = heat, warm
수프를 데워 줄게. Supeureul dewo julkke. Let me warm up the soup for you.
deudieo 드디어 ADVERB = finally, at last (SYN. 마침내)
드디어 끝났구나. Deudieo kkeunnatkkuna. Finally it’s over.
deul 들1 NOUN = field
아버지는 들에서 일하고 계세요. Abeojineun deureseo ilhago gyeseyo. My father is working in the fields.
*deul 들2 SUFFIX = plural marker
저는 많은 사람들 앞에서 말하는 걸 썩 좋아하지 않아요. Jeoneun maneun saramdeul apeseo malhaneun geol sseok jjoahaji anayo. I don’t really like to speak in front of many people.
NOTE: Unlike the suffix -s/-es in English, the plural marker 들 can be omitted in many cases.
*deulda 들다1 VERB
1 = take, cost
숙제를 끝내는 데 두 시간이 들었어요. Sukjjereul kkeunnaeneun de du sigani deureosseoyo. It took me two hours to finish my homework.
2 = contain, have
봉투 안에 뭐가 들었어요? Bongtu ane mwoga deureosseoyo? What’s in the envelope?
3 = catch (a cold), get sick (SYN. 걸리다2 2)
그 사람은 스트레스가 너무 많아 병이 들었어요. Geu sarameun seuteureseuga neomu mana byeongi deureosseoyo. He became sick due to too much stress.
NOTE: 들다 3 takes the particle - 이/가, while 걸 리다 takes the particle - 에.
*deulda 들다2VERB
1 = raise
이 상자는 저 혼자 들기에는 너무 무거워요. I sangjaneun jeo honja deulgieneun neomu mugeowoyo. This box is too heavy for me to lift by myself.
*2 = hold, take
이 가방 잠시만 좀 들고 있어 봐. I gabang jamsiman jom deulgo isseo bwa. Hold this bag for a moment.
*3 = give, quote
예를 들면요? Yereul deulmyeonnyo? For example?
deulleuda 들르다 VERB = drop by
제가 그쪽 사무실에 들를게요. Jega geujjok samusire deulleulkkeyo. I’ll drop by your office.
deullida 들리다 VERB = be heard, sound
제 말 잘 들려요? Je mal jal deullyeoyo? Can you hear me?
deullyeojuda 들려주다 VERB = tell, let sb hear
내가 어렸을 때 할머니는 자주 옛날이야기를 들려주셨다. Naega eoryeosseul ttae halmeonineun jaju yennalliyagireul deullyeojusyeottta. When I was little, my grandmother often used to tell me old time stories.
deullyeooda 들려오다 VERB = come in one’s ear
이상한 소리가 들려왔다. Isanghan soriga deullyeowattta. I heard a strange sound.
deumulda 드물다 ADJECTIVE = rare, uncommon (ANT. 흔하다)
그 사람이 화를 내는 건 드문 일이야. Geu sarami hwareul naeneun geon deumun niriya. He does not easily get angry.
deun 든 = 든지 deunji
deung 등1 NOUN = back
등을 벽에 대고 서 주시겠어요? Deungeul byeoge daego seo jusigesseoyo? Could you stand up with your back against this wall?
IDIOMS
deungeul dollida 등(을) 돌리다 = turn one’s back on sb
모든 사람이 그에게서 등을 돌렸어요. Modeun sarami geuegeseo deungeul dollyeosseoyo. Everyone turned their backs on him.
deungeul tteomiltta 등(을) 떠밀다 = force sb to do sth
주위에서 등을 떠밀어서 오게 됐어요. Juwieseo deungeul tteomireoseo oge dwaesseoyo. People pushed me into coming here.
deungi hwida 등(이) 휘다 = work one’s fingers to the bone
아버지는 우리 가족들을 위해 등이 휘도록 일하셨어요. Abeojineun uri gajoktteureul wihae deungi hwidorok ilhasyeosseoyo. My father worked his fingers to the bone to support my family.
deung 등2 [等 ranking] DEPENDENT NOUN = unit of counting one’s ranking (SYN. 위 3)
반에서 몇 등이니? Baneseo myeot tteungini? What’s your ranking in your class?
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 등. 등 and 위 are mostly interchangeable. But when you refer to your ranking in class, 등 is preferred. Meanwhile, 위 appears frequently in a competition.
반에서 몇 등이니? (O)
반에서 몇 위니? (△)
이번 올림픽에서 한국은 7위를 (O) / 7등 을 (△ ) 했다 . Ibeo nollimpigeseo hangugeun chi rwireul haettta. Korea placed seventh in the Olympics.
deung 등3 [等 etc.] DEPENDENT NOUN = and so on
김, 오이, 당근, 계란 등 재료가 다 있습니다. Gim, oi, danggeun, gyeran deung jaeryoga da itsseumnida. We have all the ingredients—seaweed, cucumber, carrot, eggs, and so on.
deungdeung 등등 = 등3 deung
deungjang(hada) 등장 (하다) [登 climb + 場 stage] I NOUN = appearance (SYN. 출현) II VERB = appear (SYN. 출현하다)
그 자신이 의사이기 때문에 그의 소설에는 의사가 자주 등장한다. Geu jasini uisaigi ttaemune geue soseoreneun uisaga jaju deungjanghanda. Doctors often appear in his novels because he is a doctor.
deungnok(ada) 등록 (하다) /등녹, 등노카다/ [登 write + 錄 record] I NOUN = registration II VERB = register
등록할 시간이 아직 있어. Deungnokal ssigani ajing nisseo. There’s still time left to register.
deungnokkkeum 등록금 /등녹끔/ [登 write + 錄 record + 金 money] NOUN = tuition
올해 들어 등록금이 많이 올랐어요. Olhae deureo deungnokkkeumi mani ollasseoyo. Tuition has risen significantly this year.
*deungsan(hada) 등산 (하다) [登 climb + 山 mountain] I NOUN = climbing, hiking II VERB = climb (a mountain)
등산 자주 하세요? Deungsan jaju haseyo? Do you often go mountain climbing?
deunji 든지 ENDING
1 = whether … or
하든지 말든지 이제 상관 안 할래. Hadeunji maldeunji ije sanggwan an hallae. I won’t bother you any more whether you do it or not.
2 = no matter
어디에 있든지 자주 편지해. Eodie ittteunji jaju pyeonjihae. Write me often wherever you are.
deurai(hada) 드라이 (하다) [from English dry] I NOUN = drying one’s hair; VERB = dry one’s hair
머리 드라이해 주세요. Meori deuraihae juseyo. Please blow-dry my hair.
II NOUN = dry cleaning; VERB = dry-clean
이 셔츠 드라이해야 하나요? I syeocheu deuraihaeya hanayo? Does this shirt need dry-cleaning?
deurama 드라마 [from English drama] NOUN = drama
드라마는 놓치지 않고 꼭 봐요. Deuramaneun notchiji anko kkok ppwayo. I never miss watching soap operas.
*deureogada 들어가다 /드러가다/ VERB = enter, go into
귀에 물이 들어가서 움직일 때마다 소리가 나요. Gwie muri deureogaseo umjigil ttaemada soriga nayo. I have water in my ear. I can hear it when I move.
저는 7살에 학교에 들어갔어요. Jeoneun ilgop ssare hakkkyoe deureogasseoyo. I started school at seven.
deureojuda 들어주다 /드러주다/ VERB = grant
부탁 좀 들어주시겠어요? Butak jom deureojusigesseoyo? Could I ask you a favor?
deureonada 드러나다 VERB = come out, be exposed
진실은 드러나게 되어 있다. Jinsireun deureonage doeeo ittta. The truth comes out in the end.
*deureooda 들어오다 /드러오다/ VERB
1 = enter
안으로 들어오시겠어요? Aneuro deureoosigesseoyo? Will you step inside?
2 = join
우리 팀에 들어올래요? Uri time deureoollaeyo? Would you like to join our team?
deureoseoda 들어서다 /드러서다/ VERB
1 = enter
길을 잘못 들어서셨어요. Gireul jalmot tteureoseosyeosseoyo. You’re going the wrong way.
2 = be built
이 땅에 아파트가 들어설 예정이에요. I ttange apateuga deureoseol ryejeongieyo. Apartments will go up on this site.
*deurida 드리다1 VERB = give (honorific of 주다1)
과일 좀 드릴까요? Gwail jom deurilkkayo? Do you want some fruit?
*deurida 드리다2 AUXILIARY VERB = do as a favor (honorific of 주다2)
가방 들어 드릴까요? Gabang deureo deurilkkayo? Do you want me to hold your bag?
NOTE: The auxiliary verb 드리다 appears as - 아/어/여 드리다 after a verb. It signifies taking on an action for someone.
deurida 들이다 /드리다/ VERB = spend, put
이번에 많은 돈을 들여 컴퓨터를 바꿨어요. Ibeone maneun doneul deuryeo keompyuteoreul bakkwosseoyo. I spent a lot of money on changing my computer to a new one.
deurikyeoda 들이켜다 /드리켜다/ VERB = drink up, guzzle
쭉 들이켜. Jjuk tteurikyeo. Drink it up!
deurimasida 들이마시다 /드리마시다/ VERB = inhale, breathe in (ANT. 내쉬다)
깊게 숨을 들이마시세요. Gipkke sumeul deurimasiseyo. Breathe in deeply.
deuryeodaboda 들여다보다 /드려다보다/ VERB = look in(to)
냉장고 안을 들여다봐도 먹을 것이 없었다. Naengjanggo aneul deuryeodabwado meogeul kkeosi eopsseottta. I looked into the refrigerator but there was nothing to eat.
deusi 듯이1 /드시/ ADVERB = as if, like
어제는 눈이 미친 듯이 왔어요. Eojeneun nuni michin deusi wasseoyo. It snowed like crazy yesterday.
NOTE: 듯이 is preceded by adnominal endings: - ㄴ/은, - 는, - ㄹ/을.
deusi 듯이2 /드시/ ENDING = as if, like
땀이 비 오듯이 쏟아져요. Ttami bi odeusi ssodajeoyo. I’m sweating buckets.
deusida 드시다 VERB = eat (honorific of 먹다)
비타민이 풍부한 음식을 드세요. Bitamini pungbuha neumsigeul deuseyo. Eat food rich in vitamins.
deut 듯 /듣/ = shortened form of 듯이1 and 듯이2
deutada 듯하다 /드타다/ AUXILIARY ADJECTIVE = seem, look like (SYN. 듯싶다)
일기예보가 아무래도 틀린 듯하다. Ilgiyeboga amuraedo teullin deutada. The weather forecast seems to be wrong.
NOTE: 듯하다 and 듯싶다 are preceded by ad-nominal endings: - ㄴ/은, - 는, - ㄹ/을. They signify speculation or guessing, and they are always interchangeable.
deutssiptta 듯싶다 /듣씹따/ AUXILIARY ADJECTIVE = seem, look like (SYN. 듯하다)
지금은 아무 말도 하지 않는 게 좋을 듯싶어요. Jigeumeun amu maldo haji anneun ge joeul tteutssipeoyo. I feel it’s better not to say anything at present.
NOTE: See the note on 듯하다 deutada.
*deuttta 듣다 /듣따/ VERB
1 = hear, listen
말씀 많이 들었습니다. Malsseum mani deureotsseumnida. I’ve heard a lot about you.
2 = take, attend
이번 학기에는 어떤 과목을 들을 거야? Ibeon hakkkieneun eotteon gwamogeul deureul kkeoya? What courses are you taking this semester?
dijain(hada) 디자인 (하다) [from English design] I NOUN = design II VERB = design
디자인도 마음에 들고 색깔도 좋아요. Dijaindo maeume deulgo saekkkaldo joayo. I like the design and the color is also good.
dijaineo 디자이너 [from English designer] NOUN = designer
저는 나중에 구두 디자이너가 되고 싶어요. Jeoneun najunge gudu dijaineoga doego sipeoyo. I want to be a shoe designer in the future.
*do 도1 PARTICLE = also, too, as well
야채도 좀 먹어. Yachaedo jom meogeo. Have some vegetables as well.
do 도2 [道 road] NOUN = do, province 경기도 gyeonggido Gyenggi-do
NOTE: There are nine provinces in Korea: 강원 도 Gangwon-do, 경기도 Gyeonggi-do, 경상 남도 Gyeongsangnam-do, 경상북도 Gyeongsangbuk-do, 전라남도 Jeollanam-do, 전라 북도 Jeollabuk-do, 제주도 Jeju-do, 충청남 도 Chungcheongnam-do, and 충청북도 Chungcheongbuk-do.
do 도3 [度 degree] DEPENDENT NOUN = degree
물은 100도에서 끓어요. Mureun baek ttoeseo kkeureoyo. Water boils at 100°C.
NOTE: Put sino-Korean numerals (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오, …) before 도.
*dochak(ada) 도착 (하다) [到 reach + 着 reach] I NOUN = arrival (ANT. 출발) II VERB = arrive (ANT. 출발하다)
그때까지 도착하기는 어려울 것 같네요. Geuttaekkaji dochakagineun eoryeoul kkeot ganneyo. It’s going to be difficult to arrive by that time.
dodaeche 도대체 [都 all + 大 big + 體 body] ADVERB
1 = on earth, in the world
도대체 뭐 때문에 싸운 거야? Dodaeche mwo ttaemune ssaun geoya? What in the world were you fighting about?
2 = at all
왜 이러시는 건지 도대체 이해가 안 되네요. Wae ireosineun geonji dodaeche ihaega an doeneyo. I can’t understand why you’re doing this.
NOTE: 도대체 1 is used in an inquisitive sentence, and 도대체 2 is followed by a negative expression.
dodalhada 도달하다 [到 reach + 達 reach + 하 다 verbal suffix] VERB = reach
우리는 마침내 결론에 도달했다. Urineun machimnae gyeollone dodalhaettta. We finally came to a conclusion.
dodeokjjeok 도덕적 /도덕쩍/ [道 road + 德 moral + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = ethical, moral
기술의 발전으로 인해 새로운 도덕적 문제가 생겨났다. Gisure baljjeoneuro inhae saeroun dodeokjjeok munjega saenggyeonattta. Technology has given rise to new ethical problems.
doduk 도둑 NOUN = thief
어젯밤에 집에 도둑이 들었어요. Eojeppame jibe dodugi deureosseoyo. A burglar broke into my house last night.
doechattta 되찾다 /되찯따/ [되 again + 찾다 gain] VERB = regain, recover
몇 분만에 시력을 되찾을 수 있을 거라고는 상상하지 못했어요. Myeot ppunmane siryeogeul doechajeul ssu isseul kkeoragoneun sangsanghaji motaesseoyo. I never imagined that I would get my sight back in just a few minutes.
*doeda 되다 VERB
1 = become
부모님은 제가 공무원이 되길 바라셨어요. Bumonimeun jega gongmuwoni doegil barasyeosseoyo. My parents wanted me to become a public official.
2 = be allowed, be possible
개인적인 질문 하나 해도 될까요? Gaeinjeogin jilmun hana haedo doelkkayo? May I ask you a personal question?
NOTE: With meaning 2, 되다 is always used as - 아도/어도/여도 되다 after a verb.
doedollida 되돌리다 [되 back + 돌리다 turn] VERB
1 = restore, put back
시간은 되돌릴 수 없다. Siganeun doedollil ssu eoptta. You can’t turn back time.
2 = return, give back
어제 빌려 간 내 책 되돌려 줘. Eoje billyeo gan nae chaek doedollyeo jwo. Give me back the book you borrowed yesterday.
doedoraboda 되돌아보다 /되도라보다/ =
돌아보다 doraboda
doedoragada 되돌아가다 /되도라가다/ =
돌아가다 doragada 1
doedoraoda 되돌아오다 /되도라오다/ =
돌아오다 doraoda
doege 되게 ADVERB = [spoken] very, extremely (SYN. 몹시, 아주, 대단히, 굉장히, 무척, 매우)
되게 피곤해 보이네. Doege pigonhae boine. You look very tired.
doenjang 된장 [된 + 醬 sauce] NOUN = (fermented) soybean paste
할머니 집에 가면 늘 된장 냄새가 났어요. Halmeoni jibe gamyeon neul doenjang naemsaega nasseoyo. My grandmother’s house always smelled of soybean paste.
NOTE: 된장 is fermented soybean paste. It is full of protein and it gets rid of the fishy smell of food.
doenjangjjigae 된장찌개 [된 + 醬 sauce + 찌개 stew] NOUN = bean paste stew
밥에 된장찌개를 넣고 비벼 먹을까? Babe doenjangjjigaereul neoko bibyeo meogeulkka? Why don’t we eat rice mixed with bean paste stew?
NOTE: 된장찌개 is made by combining Korean soybean paste with any kind of vegetable and boiling them till everything is cooked.
doepuri(hada) 되풀이 (하다) /되푸리 (하다) / I NOUN = repetition (SYN. 반복) II VERB = repeat (SYN. 반복하다)
같은 실수를 되풀이하지 마라. Gateun silssureul doepurihaji mara. Do not make the same mistake again.
doepuridoeda 되풀이되다 /되푸리되다/ [되풀이 repetition + 되다 become] VERB = be repeated
역사는 되풀이된다. Yeokssaneun doepuridoenda. History repeats itself.
doesallida 되살리다 [되 again + 살리다 save] VERB = revive, recall
대통령은 반드시 경제를 되살리겠다고 약속했다. Daetongnyeongeun bandeusi gyeongjereul doesalligetttago yakssokaettta. The president pledged to revive the economy.
*dogil 독일 /도길/ [獨 alone + 逸 excel] NOUN = Germany
독일의 자동차는 한국에서 인기가 있다. Dogire jadongchaneun hangugeseo inkkiga ittta. German cars are popular in Korea.
dogireo 독일어 /도기러/ [獨 alone + 逸 excel + 語 language] NOUN = German
‘학교’가 독일어로 뭐죠? Hakkkyoga dogireoro mwojyo? What’s the German word for “ school ” ?
dogu 도구 [道 skill + 具 tool] NOUN = tool
이 작업을 하려면 도구가 몇 개 필요해요. I jageobeul haryeomyeon dokkuga myeot kkae piryohaeyo. I need a couple of tools for this job.
doip(ada) 도입 (하다) [導 lead + 入 in] I NOUN = introduction II VERB = introduce, adopt
우리 회사는 최신 기술을 도입하기로 결정했다. Uri hoesaneun choesin gisureul doipagiro gyeoljjeonghaettta. Our company decided to introduce the latest technology.
dojagi 도자기 [陶 pottery + 瓷 porcelain + 器 vessel] NOUN = pottery
친구가 취미로 도자기를 만드는데 하나 줬어요. Chinguga chwimiro dojagireul mandeuneunde hana jwosseoyo. A friend of mine makes pottery as a hobby, and he gave one to me.
dojang 도장 [圖 drawing + 章 writing → a mark which is used to prove the authenticity of one’s drawing or writing] NOUN = seal, stamp
여기에 도장을 찍어 주세요. Yeogie dojangeul jjigeo juseyo. Please stamp here.
dojeohi 도저히 [到 reach + 底 bottom + 히 adverbial suffix] ADVERB = never (SYN. 차마)
배가 불러서 도저히 더 못 먹겠어. Baega bulleoseo dojeohi deo mon meokkkesseo. I’m so full I can't possibly eat any more.
NOTE: 도저히 is always followed by a negative expression.
dojeon(hada) 도전 (하다) [挑 provoke + 戰 fight → provokement of fight] I NOUN = challenge II VERB = challenge, defy
저는 도전하는 것을 두려워하지 않습니다. Jeoneun dojeonhaneun geoseul duryeowohaji ansseumnida. I’m not afraid of facing challenges.
dojung 도중 [途 road + 中 among] NOUN
1 = (on) the way
집에 오는 도중에 어디 들른 거야? Jibe oneun dojunge eodi deulleun geoya? Did you drop by somewhere on the way home?
2 = (in) the middle of
점심 식사 도중에 친구에게서 전화가 왔어요. Jeomsim sikssa dojunge chinguegeseo jeonhwaga wasseoyo. I got a phone call from my friend in the middle of lunch.
dokada 독하다 /도카다/ [毒 poison + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE
1 = spiteful
이 술 너무 독한데. I sul neomu dokande. This drink is too strong.
2 = dogged
또다시 시험에 떨어지지 않으려면 마음 독하게 먹어. Ttodasi siheome tteoreojiji aneuryeomyeon maeum dokage meogeo. You should be really firm with yourself if you don’t want to fail the exam again.
dokchangjeok 독창적 [獨 alone + 創 create + 的 of] NOUN, DETERMINER = creative, original
그 디자이너의 작품은 정말로 독창적이에요. Geu dijaineoe jakpumeun jeongmallo dokchangjeogieyo. The designer’s works are truly original.
dokkkam 독감 /독깜/ [毒 poison + 感 feel] NOUN = flu, influenza
지금 전국적으로 독감이 유행하고 있어요. Jigeum jeongukjjeogeuro dokkkami yuhaenghago isseoyo. Influenza has spread throughout the country.
doksseo(hada) 독서 (하다) /독써 (하다) / [讀 read + 書 book] I NOUN = reading II VERB = read
독서는 시간을 보내는 좋은 방법이다. Doksseoneun siganeul bonaeneun joeun bangbeobida. Reading is a good way of spending time.
dokteukada 독특하다 /독트카다/ [獨 alone + 特 special + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = peculiar, distinctive (SYN. 특이하다; ANT. 평범하다)
이 호텔은 분위기가 독특하네요. I hotereun bunwigiga dokteukaneyo. This hotel has a unique atmosphere.
dol 돌 NOUN = stone
이 길은 돌이 너무 많아요. I gireun dori neomu manayo. This path is too stony.
dolboda 돌보다 VERB = take care of, look after (SYN. 보살피다)
아이는 누가 돌보고 있어요? Aineun nuga dolbogo isseoyo? Who’s taking care of your child?
dolda 돌다 VERB
1 = turn, rotate, revolve (SYN. 회전하다)
지구는 태양 주위를 돈다. Jiguneun taeyang juwireul donda. The earth goes around the sun.
2 = turn
코너에서 오른쪽으로 도세요. Koneoeseo oreunjjogeuro doseyo. Turn right at the corner.
3 = go crazy (SYN. 미치다)
너 때문에 돌겠어. Neo ttaemune dolgesseo. You’re driving me crazy.
dollida 돌리다 [돌다 turn + 리 causative suffix] VERB
1 = turn, spin
손잡이를 시계 방향으로 돌리세요. Sonjabireul sigye banghyangeuro dolliseyo. Turn the handle clockwise.
2 = change, convert (SYN. 바꾸다 1)
채널 좀 그만 돌려. Chaeneol jom geuman dollyeo. Stop changing the channel.
dollyeojuda 돌려주다 VERB = give sth back
내가 네 책 돌려줬어? Naega ne chaek dollyeojwosseo? Did I give your book back?
dolmengi 돌멩이 NOUN = stone
길에 나가면 돌멩이가 많아요. Gire nagamyeon dolmengiga manayo. Stones are very common on the street.
doma 도마 NOUN = cutting board
도마는 사용 후에 깨끗이 씻어야 한다. Domaneun sayong hue kkaekkeusi ssiseoya handa. Cutting boards should be washed clean after use.
IDIOM
doma wie oreuda 도마 위에 오르다 = be in the hot seat
그 배우가 홈페이지에 남긴 글이 도마 위에 올라 있어요. Geu baeuga hompeijie namgin geuri doma wie olla isseoyo. The actor’s post on his website became the subject of controversy.
domang 도망 [逃 escape + 亡 fail] NOUN = escape, flight
그 사람은 아직 도망 다니고 있다. Geu sara-meun ajik domang danigo ittta. He is still on the run.
domangchida 도망치다 = 도망가다 domanggada
domanggada 도망가다 [逃 escape + 亡 fail + 가다 go] VERB = escape, flee (SYN. 달아나다)
그는 경찰을 보자마자 도망갔다. Geuneun gyeongchareul bojamaja domanggattta. He ran away on seeing a policeman.
*don 돈 NOUN = money
돈을 모두 써 버렸어. Doneul modu sseo beoryeosseo. I spent all my money.
dong 동 [洞 village] DEPENDENT NOUN = dong
저는 마포구 합정동에 살아요. Jeoneun mapogu hapjjeongdonge sarayo. I live in Hapjeong-dong, Mapo-gu.
NOTE: 동 is the second biggest municipal unit next to 구.
*dongan 동안1 DEPENDENT NOUN = interval, space
방학 동안에 어디 갔었니? Banghak ttongane eodi gasseonni? Where did you go for your vacation?
NOTE: When 동안 is used as 동안에, the particle - 에 can be omitted.
dongan 동안2 [童 child + 顔 face → a face like a child] NOUN = baby face
정말 동안이시네요! Jeongmal donganisineyo! You have such a baby face!
dongari 동아리 NOUN = club, society in college
어느 동아리에 들고 싶니? Eoneu dongarie deulgo simni? Which club do you want to join?
dongchang 동창 [同 same + 窓 window → people who used to look out from the same window in classroom] NOUN = alumnus, alumna
초등학교 동창들하고 아직 연락하고 지내니? Chodeunghakkkyo dongchangdeulhago ajik yeollakago jinaeni? Do you keep in touch with your elementary school friends?
dongchanghoe 동창회 [同 same + 窓 window + 會 meeting] NOUN = (school) reunion
얼마 전에 중학교 동창회가 있었어요. Eolma jeone junghakkkyo dongchanghoega isseosseoyo. We had a middle school reunion a while back.
donggeurami 동그라미 NOUN = circle
정답에 동그라미를 치세요. Jeongdabe donggeuramireul chiseyo. Circle the correct answer.
donggeurata 동그랗다 /동그라타/ ADJECTIVE = round (SYN. 둥글다)
아내는 눈이 크고 동그래요. Anaeneun nuni keugo donggeuraeyo. My wife has big round eyes.
donggi 동기1 [同 same + 期 time → a person who joined a group such as college or company at the same time with you] NOUN = classmate, colleague
어제 대학 동기 모임에 갔었어요. Eoje daehak ttonggi moime gasseosseoyo. I went to a college reunion yesterday.
NOTE: 동기 refers to a person who took the same course as you during the same period.
donggi 동기2 [動 move + 機 momentum → a momentum that moves someone] NOUN = motive
우리 회사에 지원한 동기가 무엇입니까? Uri hoesae jiwonhan donggiga mueosimnikka? What made you apply for a position in our company?
donghwa 동화 [童 child + 話 talk → a story made particularly for children] NOUN = fairy tale
현실 세계는 동화와 다르다. Hyeonsil segyeneun donghwawa dareuda. The real world is different from fairy tales.
donghwachaek 동화책 [童 child + 話 talk + 冊 book] NOUN = fairy tale book
어릴 때 엄마는 밤마다 저에게 동화책을 읽어 주셨어요. Eoril ttae eommaneun bammada jeoege donghwachaegeul ilgeo jusyeosseoyo. When I was little, my mom read me children’s stories every night.
dongi(hada) 동의 (하다) /동이 (하다) / [同 same + 意 thought] I NOUN = agreement, consent II VERB = agree, consent
제 말에 동의하세요? Je mare dongihaseyo? Do you agree with me?
dongilhada 동일하다 [同 same + 一 one + 하다 adjectival suffix] ADJECTIVE = same, identical (SYN. 같다 1)
그 두 디자인은 거의 동일하다. Geu du dijaineun geoi dongilhada. The two designs are almost the same.
dongjak 동작 [動 move + 作 make] NOUN = movement, motion, gesture
그 사람은 동작이 느린 편이다. Geu sarameun dongjagi neurin pyeonida. He moves rather slowly.
dongjeon 동전 [銅 copper + 錢 money → metal such as copper that is used to signify monetary value] NOUN = coin, change
이 자판기는 동전만 됩니다. I japangineun dongjeonman doemnida. This vending machine takes only coins.
*dongjjok 동쪽 [東 east + 쪽 direction] NOUN = east
어느 쪽이 동쪽이지? Eoneu jjogi dongjjogiji? Which way is east?
*dongmul 동물 [動 move + 物 thing → things that are able to move] NOUN = animal
이 강에는 위험한 동물들이 많습니다. I gang-eneun wiheomhan dongmuldeuri mansseumnida. There are lots of dangerous animals in this river.
dongmurwon 동물원 /동무뤈/ [動 move + 物 thing + 園 garden] NOUN = zoo
동물원은 동물을 좋아하는 사람에게는 즐겁지 않은 곳이다. Dongmurwoneun dongmureul joahaneun saramegeneun jeulgeopjji aneun gosida. The zoo is not a very pleasant place for those who care about animals.
dongne 동네 [洞 village + 네] NOUN = town, neighborhood (SYN. 마을)
이 동네는 아이들에게 너무 위험해요. I dongneneun aideurege neomu wiheomhaeyo. This neighborhood is too dangerous for children.
dongnip(ada) 독립 (하다) /동닙, 동니파다/ [獨 alone + 立 stand → the state of standing alone] I NOUN = independence II VERB = become independent
한국은 1945년 일본으로부터 독립했다. Hangugeun cheongubaekssasibo nyeon nilboneurobuteo dongnipaettta. Korea achieved independence from Japan in 1945.
dongnyo 동료 /동뇨/ [同 same + 僚 associate] NOUN = fellow worker
새 동료들하고는 잘 지내? Sae dongnyodeulhagoneun jal jinae? Do you get along with your new coworkers?
*dongsaeng 동생 [同 same + 生 born → a person who was born later than you from the same mother] NOUN = younger sibling
저는 동생하고 사이가 안 좋아요. Jeoneun dongsaenghago saiga an joayo. I am not on good terms with my younger brother.
dongsi 동시 [同 same + 時 time] NOUN = the same time
저는 두 가지 일을 동시에 잘 못해요. Jeoneun du gaji ireul dongsie jal motaeyo. I’m not good at doing two things at once.
dongyang 동양 [東 east + 洋 ocean → the eastern land across the ocean] NOUN = the Orient, the East (ANT. 서양)
제주도는 동양의 하와이로 불린다. Jejudoneun dongyange hawairo bullinda. Jeju Island is called Hawaii of the Orient.
dongyangin 동양인 [東 east + 洋 ocean + 人 people] NOUN = Asian (ANT. 서양인)
서양 사회에는 아직도 동양인에 대한 편견이 있다. Seoyang sahoeeneun ajiktto dongyangine daehan pyeongyeoni ittta. Prejudice against Asians still exists in Western cultures.
*doptta 돕다 /돕따/ VERB = help
제가 도울 일이 있으면 전화 주세요. Jega doul riri isseumyeon jeonhwa juseyo. Give me a call if you need any help.
doraboda 돌아보다 /도라보다/ [돌아 turn (from 돌다) + 보다 see] VERB = look back
그 사람은 뒤를 돌아보지 않고 가 버렸어요. Geu sarameun dwireul doraboji anko ga beoryeosseoyo. He walked away without looking back.
어릴 때를 돌아보면 나는 참 장난이 심한 아이였다. Eoril ttaereul dorabomyeon naneun cham jangnani simha naiyeottta. When I look back on my childhood, I was a mischievous boy.
doradanida 돌아다니다 /도라다니다/ [돌아 turn (from 돌다) + 다니다 go] VERB = go around
쉬지도 않고 계속 돌아다녔더니 다리가 정말 아파요. Swijido anko gyesok ttoradanyeottteoni dariga jeongma rapayo. We’ve been walking around without a break, so my legs really hurt.
*doragada 돌아가다 /도라가다/ [돌아 turn (from 돌다) + 가다 go] VERB
1 = return, go back
한국으로 완전히 돌아가시는 거예요? Hangugeuro wanjeonhi doragasineun geoyeyo? Are you going back to Korea for good?
2 = pass away
부모님은 제가 어렸을 때 돌아가셨어요. Bumonimeun jega eoryeosseul ttae doragasyeosseoyo. My parents passed away when I was a kid.
*doraoda 돌아오다 /도라오다/ [돌아 turn (from 돌다) + 오다 come] VERB = return, come back
다음 주 화요일에 떠나서 금요일에 돌아올 예정입니다. Daeum jju hwayoire tteonaseo geumyoire doraol ryejeongimnida. I’m going to leave next Tuesday and return next Friday.
doraseoda 돌아서다 /도라서다/ [돌아 turn (from 돌다) + 서다 stand] VERB = turn around
돌아서서 칠판을 봐라. Doraseoseo chilpaneul bwara. Turn and face the board.
dorieo 도리어 ADVERB = rather, on the contrary (SYN. 오히려)
그 약 때문에 환자가 도리어 나빠졌다. Geu yak ttaemune hwanjaga dorieo nappajeottta. The medicine only made the patient’s condition worsen.
doro 도로1 [道 road + 路 road] NOUN = road
이 섬에는 괜찮은 자전거 전용 도로가 있어요. I seomeneun gwaenchaneun jajeongeo jeonyong doroga isseoyo. This island has a really nice bike path.
doro 도로2 ADVERB = again, back
왜 도로 와? Wae doro wa? Why are you coming back?
dorok 도록 ENDING = so that, until
아버지가 편히 주무시도록 조용히 해라. Abeojiga pyeonhi jumusidorok joyonghi haera. Be quiet so that your dad can sleep well.
*doseogwan 도서관 [圖 draw + 書 book + 館 building → a building in which books are kept] NOUN = library
도서관 몇 시에 문 닫죠? Doseogwan myeot ssie mun datjjyo? What time does the library close?
*dosi 도시 [都 capital + 市 city] NOUN = city
도시 생활이 이제 지겨워. Dosi saenghwari ije jigyeowo. I’m sick and tired of city life.
dosirak 도시락 NOUN = box lunch
도시락을 매일 싸 오세요? Dosirageul maeil ssa oseyo? Do you bring a packed lunch to work every day?
doum 도움 [도우 help (from 돕다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = help, aid
도움이 필요하시면 말씀하세요. Doumi piryohasimyeon malsseumhaseyo. If you need help, feel free to tell me.
doummal 도움말 [도움 help + 말 saying] NOUN = advice, help
온라인 도움말을 참조하세요. Ollain doummareul chamjohaseyo. Refer to the online help.
*dowajuda 도와주다 [도와 help (from 돕다) + 주다 do as a favor] VERB = help
숙제 도와줄까? Sukjje dowajulkka? Do you want me to help you with your homework?
*du 두 DETERMINER = two
우리는 두 달 전에 헤어졌어. Urineun du dal jeone heeojeosseo. We broke up two months ago.
dubu 두부 [豆 bean + 腐 rotten] NOUN = tofu
두부가 상한 것 같아요. Dubuga sanghan geot gatayo. The tofu seems to have gone bad.
duda 두다1 VERB = put, set, keep (SYN. 놓다1 1)
책상 위에 두세요. Chaekssang wie duseyo. Put it on the desk.
duda 두다2 AUXILIARY VERB = get it done, keep (SYN. 놓다2)
내 말을 잘 들어 둬. Nae mareul jal deureo dwo. Listen carefully to what I’m saying.
NOTE: The auxiliary verb 두다 appears as - 아/어/여 두다 after a verb. It indicates completing a certain action and maintaining it. This action is usually an act of preparation for something. 두다 is interchangeable with the auxiliary verb 놓다.
dudeureojida 두드러지다 ADJECTIVE = remarkable, noticeable
그 회사는 올해 들어 두드러진 성장을 했다. Geu hoesaneun olhae deureo dudeureojin seongjangeul haettta. The company grew exceptionally this year.
dudeurida 두드리다 VERB = rap, beat, knock
문을 두드렸지만 아무 대답도 없었다. Muneul dudeuryeotjjiman amu daedaptto eopsseottta. I knocked on the door, but there was no answer.
dukke 두께 NOUN = thickness
두께가 얼마나 됩니까? Dukkega eolmana doemnikka? How thick is it?
dukkeoptta 두껍다 /두껍따/ ADJECTIVE = thick, dense (ANT. 얇다)
이 책 얼마나 두꺼운지 봐 봐. I chaek eolmana dukkeounji bwa bwa. Look how thick this book is.
*dul 둘 NUMERAL = two
둘 다 마음에 안 들어요. Dul da maeume an deureoyo. I don’t like either of them.
NOTE: Note that 둘 takes on an altered form, 두, to modify a noun. See 두 du.
IDIOM
duldo eoptta 둘도 없다 = (there’s) no one like someone
제 아내 같은 여자는 세상에 둘도 없을 거예요. Je anae gateun nyeojaneun sesange duldo eopsseul kkeoyeyo. There’s probably no woman like my wife in the world.
*duljjae 둘째 [둘 two + 째 order] NUMERAL = second
7월 둘째 주는 문을 닫습니다. Chi rwol duljjae juneun muneul datsseumnida. We shall be closed for holidays during the second week of July.
IDIOM
duljjae garamyeon seoreoptta 둘째 가라면 서럽 다 = second to none
저는 운동에 있어서는 둘째 가라면 서러운 사람이에요. Jeoneun undonge isseoseoneun duljjae garamyeon seoreoun saramieyo. I’m second to none at sports.
dulleoboda 둘러보다 VERB = look around
딴 데 더 둘러보고 올게요. Ttan de deo dulleobogo olkkeyo. I’ll look around a few more places.
dulleossada 둘러싸다 VERB = surround, encircle
경찰이 그 건물을 둘러쌌다. Gyeongchari geu geonmureul dulleossattta. The police surrounded the building.
dulleossaida 둘러싸이다 [둘러싸다 surround + 이 passive suffix] VERB = be surrounded
그 집은 높은 담으로 둘러싸여 있다. Geu jibeun nopeun dameuro dulleossayeo ittta. The house is surrounded by a high fence.
dunggeulda 둥글다 ADJECTIVE = round (SYN. 동그랗다)
저 둥근 식탁이 마음에 드는데요. Jeo dung-geun siktagi maeume deuneundeyo. I like that round table.
dungji 둥지 NOUN = nest
독수리는 알에서 깨어난 지 약 두 달 만에 둥지를 떠난다. Dokssurineun areseo kkaeeonanji yak ttu dal mane dungjireul tteonanda. Eagles leave the nest about two months after hatching.
dunoe 두뇌 [頭 head + 腦 brain] NOUN = brain
이 장난감은 아이의 두뇌 개발에 도움이 됩니다. I jangnankkameun aie dunoe gaebare doumi doemnida. This toy helps children with brain development.
duryeoptta 두렵다 /두렵따/ ADJECTIVE = afraid, scared (SYN. 무섭다 2)
저는 다른 나라에서 사는 게 두려워요. Jeoneun dareun naraeseo saneun ge duryeowoyo. I’m afraid of living in another country.
duryeoum 두려움 [두려우 afraid (from 두렵다) + ㅁ nominal suffix] NOUN = fear, dread (SYN. 공포)
그녀의 눈은 두려움으로 커졌다. Geunyeoe nuneun duryeoumeuro keojeottta. Her eyes were wide in terror.
duryeowohada 두려워하다 [두려워 afraid (from 두렵다) + 하다 verbal suffix] VERB = be afraid
실패를 두려워하지 마라. Silpaereul duryeowohaji mara. Don’t be afraid of failing.
duse 두세 [두 two + 세 three] DETERMINER = two or three
일주일에 두세 번 운동을 해요. Iljjuire duse beo nundongeul haeyo. I work out two or three times a week.
dutong 두통 [頭 head + 痛 pain] NOUN = headache
요즘 두통이 너무 심해요. Yojeum dutongi neomu simhaeyo. I have a serious headache these days.
*dwaeji 돼지 NOUN = pig
그는 돼지같이 많이 먹는다. Geuneun dwaejigachi mani meongneunda. He eats like a pig.
*dwaejigogi 돼지고기 [돼지 pig + 고기 meat] NOUN = pork
돼지고기는 넣지 마세요. Dwaejigogineun neochi maseyo. Hold the pork, please.
*dwi 뒤 NOUN
1 = back, the rear (ANT. 앞 1)
우리 집 뒤에는 주차장이 있어요. Uri jip ttwieneun juchajangi isseoyo. There is a parking lot at the back of my house.
2 = after (SYN. 후)
한 시간 뒤에 오겠습니다. Han sigan dwie ogetsseumnida. I will be back in an hour.
dwijida 뒤지다 VERB = look through, ransack
왜 내 가방을 뒤지는 겁니까? Wae nae gabangeul dwijineun geomnikka? Why are you going through my bag?
dwijiptta 뒤집다 /뒤집따/ VERB = turn sth inside out, turn sth over
이 옷은 꼭 뒤집어서 말려 주세요. I oseun kkok ttwijibeoseo mallyeo juseyo. Please make sure you dry this inside out.
dwijjok 뒤쪽 [뒤 back + 쪽 direction] NOUN = back, the rear (SYN. 앞쪽)
뒤쪽에 자리가 있는 것 같아요. Dwijjoge jariga inneun geot gatayo. I think there is an empty seat in the back.
dwineuttta 뒤늦다 /뒤늗따/ [뒤 after + 늦다 late] ADJECTIVE = belated
뒤늦었지만 감사의 말씀 드립니다. Dwineujeotjjiman gamsae malsseum deurimnida. I would like to offer you my belated thanks.
dwinmoseup 뒷모습 /뒨모습/ [뒤 back + ㅅ infix + 모습 appearance] NOUN = appearance from behind
뒷모습만 보면 남자인지 여자인지 구분이 안 돼요. Dwinmoseumman bomyeon namjainji yeojainji gubuni an dwaeyo. From the back you can’t tell if the person is a man or a woman.
dwinmun 뒷문 /뒨문/ [뒤 back + ㅅ infix + 門 door] NOUN = rear door (ANT. 앞문)
내릴 때는 뒷문으로 내리세요. Naeril ttaeneun dwinmuneuro naeriseyo. Please exit through the rear door.
dwipyeon 뒤편 = 뒤쪽 dwijjok
dwittareuda 뒤따르다 [뒤 after + 따르다 follow] VERB = follow, go after (SYN. 따르다2)
자유에는 책임이 뒤따른다. Jayueneun chaegimi dwittareunda. Freedom carries responsibility.