Upper-Intermediate - State-Owned and Privately-Owned Enterprises (D0479)

中国企业的类型实在太多了，害得我怎么也搞不清楚。
Zhōngguó qǐyè de lèixíng shízài tài duō le ，hài de wǒ zěnme yě gǎo bu qīngchu 。
There are just too many different types of enterprises in China. How can I ever keep them straight?

是啊。从大的方面来说，中国企业可以分成内资、港澳台资和外商投资这几大类。其中每一大类又可以被细分成很多小的类型。
shì a 。cóng dà de fāngmiàn láishuō ，Zhōngguó qǐyè kěyǐ fēnchéng nèizī ，gǎng ào tái zī hé wàishāng tóuzī zhè jǐ dàlèi 。qízhōng měiyī dàlèi yòu kěyǐ bèi xìfēn chéng hěn duō xiǎo de lèixíng 。
Exactly. Speaking about the larger ones, Chinese enterprises can be broken up into these categories: domestically invested, Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan invested, and foreign invested—any of these major categories. Each of these major categories can also be further divided up into many smaller categories.

哎哟，你先别细分了，还是从头开始给我讲吧。我们先来说说内资企业，怎么样？
āiyō ，nǐ xiān bié xìfēn le ，háishì cóngtóukāishǐ gěi wǒ jiǎng ba 。wǒmen xiān lái shuōshuo nèizīqǐyè ，zěnmeyàng ？
Yikes, don’t break them down yet. How about you start from the beginning again and explain them to me. Let’s first talk about domestically invested enterprises, how about that?

好的。说到内资企业，其实我们经常听到的国有企业、私营企业就属于这一类。对了，你知道什么叫国有企业吗？
hǎode 。shuōdào nèizīqǐyè ，qíshí wǒmen jīngcháng tīngdào de guóyǒuqǐyè ，sīyíngqǐyè jiù shǔyú zhè yī lèi 。duìle ，nǐ zhīdào shénme jiào guóyǒuqǐyè ma ？
All right. Speaking of domestically invested enterprises, actually the state-owned enterprises and privately-owned enterprises we frequently hear about belong to this category. Oh, do you know what state-owned enterprises refer to?

不是很清楚，不过我倒是常常听到关于国有企业改革的消息。
bù shì hěn qīngchu ，bùguò wǒ dàoshì chángcháng tīngdào guānyú guóyǒuqǐyè gǎigé de xiāoxi 。
I’m not really clear on that, but I do often hear news about state-owned enterprise reform.

那我就给你说说什么叫国有企业吧。国有企业是指企业全部资产归国家所有的经济组织。
nà wǒ jiù gěi nǐ shuōshuo shénme jiào guóyǒuqǐyè ba 。guóyǒuqǐyè shì zhǐ qǐyè quánbù zīchǎn guī guójiā suǒyǒu de jīngjì zǔzhī 。
Then I will explain for you what state-owned enterprise refers to. A state-owned enterprise is just a business where all the capital belongs to the state economic system.

原来是这样，明白了，明白了。那私营企业呢？
yuánlái shì zhèyàng ，míngbai le ，míngbai le 。nà sīyíngqǐyè ne ？
Oh, so that’s how it is. I see, I see. So, what about privately-owned enterprises then?

它是指由公民投资设立或控股，以雇佣劳动为基础的营利性经济组织。
tā shì zhǐ yóu gōngmín tóuzī shèlì huò kònggǔ ，yǐ gùyōng láodòng wéi jīchǔ de yínglìxìng jīngjì zǔzhī 。
That refers to enterprises established and invested in by citizens, or held by citizens, which are based on wage labor profit-earning economic organization.

那么在中国国有企业和私营企业相比，哪一种更多呢？
nàme zài Zhōngguó guóyǒuqǐyè hé sīyíngqǐyè xiāngbǐ ，nǎ yī zhǒng gèngduō ne ？
So in China, in comparison which are there more of: state-owned enterprises or privately-owned enterprises?

现在应该差不多。但是以前中国的企业几乎都是国有的。近十几年来，随着中国经济体制改革的深入，私营企业越来越多了。同时国家大力推动国企改革，国企的数量呈大幅度减少，可是质量和实力却提高了很多。
xiànzài yīnggāi chàbuduō 。dànshì yǐqián Zhōngguó de qǐyè jīhū dōu shì guóyǒu de 。jìn shíjǐ nián lái ，suízhe Zhōngguó jīngjì tǐzhì gǎigé de shēnrù ，sīyíngqǐyè yuèláiyuè duō le 。tóngshí guójiā dàlì tuīdòng guóqǐ gǎigé ，guóqǐ de shùliàng chéng dàfúdù jiǎnshǎo ，kěshì zhìliàng hé shílì què tígāo le hěn duō 。
Now it’s about the same. But, in the past, China’s enterprises were almost all state-owned. In the last ten years or so, in the wake of China entering into economic system reform, there have been more and more privately-owned enterprises. Meanwhile, as the state has been vigorously pushing for state-owned enterprise reform, the number of state-owned enterprises has presented to a great extent a decrease. However, their quality and actual strength have, on the other hand, gone up a lot.

这一点我也听说过，能够进入财富500强的中国企业都是国有企业。不过我也挺看好中国的私营企业的。这些年私营企业不仅发展迅速，而且在不同的领域都很有作为。
zhè yī diǎn wǒ yě tīngshuōguo ，nénggòu jìnrù cáifù wǔbǎi qiáng de Zhōngguó qǐyè dōu shì guóyǒuqǐyè 。bùguò wǒ yě tǐng kànhǎo Zhōngguó de sīyíngqǐyè de 。zhèxiēnián sīyíngqǐyè bùjǐn fāzhǎn xùnsù ，érqiě zài bùtóng de lǐngyù dōu hěn yǒu zuòwéi 。
This point I’ve heard before. Those Chinese enterprises that have been able to become Fortune 500 companies are all state-owned enterprises. But I also anticipate great things from China’s privately-owned enterprises. These past few years, privately-owned enterprises have not only developed rapidly, but have also been able to make outstanding achievements in different fields.

没错。正是因为国有和私营企业的蓬勃发展，中国的经济才会这么繁荣。
méicuò 。zhèngshì yīnwèi guóyǒu hé sīyíngqǐyè de péngbó fāzhǎn ，Zhōngguó de jīngjì cái huì zhème fánróng 。
That’s right. It’s precisely because of state-owned and privately-owned enterprises’ vigorous development, that China’s economy has become so prosperous.

Vocabulary

内资	nèizī	domestic capital
港澳台资	gǎng ào tái zī	Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan capital
外商投资	wàishāng tóuzī	foreign business capital
细分	xìfēn	to divide up
资产	zīchǎn	capital
归	guī	to belong to
国有企业	guóyǒuqǐyè	state-owned enterprise
私营企业	sīyíngqǐyè	privately-owned enterprise
控股	kònggǔ	to control shares
设立	shèlì	to set up
雇佣	gùyōng	employment
营利性	yínglìxìng	for-profit
经济体制	jīngjì tǐzhì	economic system
深入	shēnrù	to penetrate into, to go deep into
大力	dàlì	vigorously
呈	chéng	to emerge
作为	zuòwéi	achievement
蓬勃	péngbó	flourishing
三资企业	sānzīqǐyè	foreign, private, and joint ventures
参股	cāngǔ	purchase of shares in enterprises
并购	bìnggòu	mergers and acquisitions
产权	chǎnquán	property rights
振兴	zhènxīng	to develop vigorously
改制	gǎizhì	to reform a system
产业	chǎnyè	property
龙头企业	lóngtóu qǐyè	key enterprises