Upper-Intermediate - Traditional Residences (D0199)

老北京真有味道。骑着自行车，穿行在胡同和四合院间，特别能体会到北京的历史和人们的生活。
lǎo Běijīng zhēn yǒuwèidào 。qí zhe zìxíngchē ，chuānxíng zài hútòng hé sìhéyuàn jiān ，tèbié néng tǐhuìdào Běijīng de lìshǐ hé rénmen de shēnghuó 。
Old Beijing has such an alluring charm. You can really feel the city's history and how people live as you cycle through the hutong and siheyuan.

是啊。每个城市都有自己的特色民居。它就像城市的脸。你知道吗上海也有类似四合院的建筑，叫石库门。胡同在上海叫弄堂。像北京的建筑一样，别有韵味。
shì ā 。měige chéngshì dōu yǒu zìjǐde tèsè mínjū 。tā jiùxiàng chéngshì de liǎn 。nǐ zhīdao ma Shànghǎi yě yǒu lèisì sìhéyuàn de jiànzhù ，jiào shíkùmén 。hútòng zài Shànghǎi jiào lòngtáng 。xiàng Běijīng de jiànzhù yíyàng ，bié yǒu yùnwèi 。
That’s true. Every city has its own distinct style of residence, which is like the face of the city. Do you know that Shanghai has its own version of the siheyuan, called shikumen. The hutong is known as a longtang there. They have their own unique beauty just like their counterparts in Beijing.

嗯，我见过。和你有一样的感觉。不过四合院的起源比石库门早很多。我看书上说，四合院元朝就有了。它之所以叫四合院，是因为房屋是由东西南北四面包围，成“口”字形，中间是花园。大片的四合院中间的通道叫胡同。唉，你知道石库门的起源吗？
ng4 ，wǒ jiàn guo 。hé nǐ yǒu yíyàng de gǎnjué 。bùguò sìhéyuàn de qǐyuán bǐ shíkùmén zǎo hěn duō 。wǒ kàn shūshàng shuō ，sìhéyuàn Yuáncháo jiù yǒu le 。tā zhīsuǒyǐ jiào sìhéyuàn ，shì yīnwèi fángwū shì yóu dōngxīnánběi sìmiàn bāowéi ，chéng kǒu zì xíng ， zhōngjiān shì huāyuán 。dàpiàn de sìhéyuàn zhōngjiàn de tōngdào jiào hútòng 。āi ，nǐ zhīdao shíkùmén de qǐyuán ma ？
Yes, I’ve seen those. I agree with you. Siheyuan have a much older origin than shikumen. According to a book I read, they date back to the Yuan Dynasty. They got their name because the rooms are surrounded on four sides by walls, forming a square shape. The garden is in the center. The lanes running through blocks of siheyuan are called hutong. Do you know the origin of shikumen?

嗯，我去上海的时候听过。石库门出现于十九世纪中。当时大批难民因为打仗逃难到上海租界里，必须很多人挤在一所小房子里。久而久之，就形成了石库门这种两层楼的石质房屋。家门里面有一个很小的花园，叫天井。石库门中间细长的街道叫弄堂。以前，北京和上海的大多数居民都住在这些传统民居里。
ng4 ，wǒ qù Shànghǎi de shíhou tīng guo 。shíkùmén chūxiàn yú shíjiǔ shìjì zhōng 。dāngshí dàpī nànmín yīnwèi dǎzhàng táonàn dào Shànghǎi zūjiè lǐ ，bìxū hěn duō rén jǐ zài yī suǒ xiǎo fángzǐ lǐ 。jiǔ'érjiǔzhī ，jiù xíngchéng le shíkùmén zhèzhǒng liǎng céng lóu de shízhì fángwū 。jiāmén lǐmiàn yǒu yī ge hěn xiǎo de huāyuán ，jiào tiānjǐng 。shíkùmén zhōngjiān xìcháng de jiēdào jiào lòngtáng 。yǐqián ，Běijīng hé Shànghǎi de dàduōshù jūmín dōu zhùzài zhèxiē chuántǒng mínjū lǐ 。
Yes, I heard about it when I was in Shanghai. Shikumen came into existence in the mid-19th century. There was an influx of war refugees fleeing to the concessions in Shanghai. They had to cram into small houses. Over time, these evolved into a type of two-story house made from stone known as shikumen. There is a tiny garden inside the house called a tianjing. The long narrow lanes between shikumen houses are known as longtang. Most of the people in Beijing and Shanghai used to live in these traditional residences.

可惜，这几年四合院和石库门被拆了很多。现在，许多人都强烈要求保护这些建筑。否则，城市会失去自己宝贵的历史回忆和个性。
kěxī ，zhèjǐnián sìhéyuàn hé shíkùmén bèi chāi le hěn duō 。xiànzài ，xǔduō rén dōu qiángliè yāoqiú bǎohù zhèxiē jiànzhù 。fǒuzé ，chéngshì huì shīqù zìjǐ bǎoguì de lìshǐ huíyì hé gèxìng 。
What a pity that many siheyuan and shikumen have been bulldozed in the past few years. A lot of people are strongly urging their protection and conservation. A city could lose its invaluable historical memory and identity without them.

Vocabulary

有味道	yǒuwèidào	to have flavor
穿行	chuānxíng	to go through
胡同	hútòng	hutong (alley)
四合院	sìhéyuàn	siheyuan (courtyard)
体会到	tǐhuìdào	to learn
类似	lèisì	similar to
建筑	jiànzhù	architecture
石库门	shíkùmén	shikumen (courtyard)
弄堂	lòngtáng	longtang (alley)
别有韵味	bié yǒu yùnwèi	have a lasting charm
起源	qǐyuán	origin
元朝	Yuáncháo	Yuan Dynasty
之所以	zhīsuǒyǐ	the reason that
由	yóu	by
包围	bāowéi	surround
呈	chéng	to form
口字形	kǒu zì xíng	square-shaped
大片	dàpiàn	big space
通道	tōngdào	passage
大批	dàpī	large quantities of
难民	nànmín	refugee
打仗	dǎzhàng	war
逃难	táonàn	flee from calamity
租界	zūjiè	concession
久而久之	jiǔ'érjiǔzhī	as time went on
石质	shízhì	made from stone
天井	tiānjǐng	tianjing (garden)
悠久	yōujiǔ	established
古老	gǔlǎo	ancient
文物	wénwù	relic
古迹	gǔjì	places of historic interest
遗留	yíliú	to leave behind
考证	kǎozhèng	to settle
怀念	huáiniàn	to cherish the memory of
保存	bǎocún	to conserve
价值连城	jiàzhíliánchéng	invaluable; priceless
无价之宝	wújiàzhībǎo	priceless treasure; invaluable asset