----------------------- Page 1----------------------- LESSON NOTES Intermediate #1 What Am I to Do? CONTENTS 2 Korean Hangul 2 Romanization 3 English 4 Vocabulary 5 Sample Sentences 7 Hangul Vocabulary 9 Grammar 14 Cultural Insight # 1 COPYRIGHT © 2012 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ----------------------- Page 2----------------------- KOREAN HANGUL 1. (1)엄마: 소연아... 성민아... 밥 다 됐다. 빨리 나와서 밥 먹자. 2. (2)성민: 네 엄마! 3. (3)엄마: 소연아, 너도 빨리 나와. 4. (4)성민: 엄마. 누나는 밥 안 먹는대요. 5. (5)엄마: 뭐? 왜 밥을 안 먹어? 6. (6)성민: 몰라요. 기분이 안 좋은 것 같아요. 7. (7)엄마: 아니... 무슨 일이지...? 8. (8)소연: 흐흑, 흑흑흑... 9. (9)엄마: 소연아, 왜 그래? 무슨 일이야? 10. (10)소연: 엄마.... 나 오늘 지갑 잃어 버렸어요. 그 안에 중요한 물건 다 있는 데... 나 어떡해요... 11. (11)엄마: 뭐? 어디서? 뭐가 들어있었는데? 돈도 많이 잃어 버렸어? 돈은 엄마 가 줄게. 12. (12)소연: 돈은... 1000원 있었어. 근데 카드, 사진, 명함, 열쇠... 다 잃어 버렸 어. 엄마 나 어떡해...! ROMANIZATION CONT'D OVER KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 2 ----------------------- Page 3----------------------- 1. (1)EOMMA : soyeon-a... seongmin-a... bap da doetda. ppalli nawaseo bap meokja. 2. (2)SEONGMIN : ne, eomma! 3. (3)EOMMA : soyeon-a, neo-do ppalli nawa. 4. (4)SEONGMIN : eommna, nuna-neun bap an meokneundaeyo. 5. (5)EOMMA : mwo? wae bap-eul an meokeo? 6. (6)SEONGMIN : mollayo. gibun-i an joheun geot gatayo. 7. (7)EOMMA : ani... museun il-iji? 8. (8)SOYEON : heuheuk... heukheukheuk... 9. (9)EOMMA : soyeon-a, wae geurae? museun il-iya? 10. (10)SOYEON : eomma... na oneul jigap ilheo beoryeosseoyo. geu an-e jungyohan mulgeon da itneunde... na eotteokhaeyo... 11. (11)EOMMA : mwo? eodiseo? mwo-ga deureoisseotneunde? don-do manhi ilheo beoryeosseo? don-eun eomma-ga julge. 12. (12)SOYEON : don-eun... cheonwon isseosseo. geunde, cadeu, sajin, myeongham, yeolsoe, da ilheo beoryeosseo. eomma, na eotteokhae...! ENGLISH CONT'D OVER KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 3 ----------------------- Page 4----------------------- 1. (1)MOM: Soyeon... Seongmin... Food's ready. Hurry and come out to eat. 2. (2)SEONGMIN: Yes mother! 3. (3)MOM: Soyeon, you come out too. 4. (4)SEONGMIN: Mom. Soyeon said she's not going to eat. 5. (5)MOM: What? Why won't she eat? 6. (6)SEONGMIN: I don't know. I don't think she's feeling to well. 7. (7)MOM: Hmm... What could it be? 8. (8)SOYEON: (sniff sniff) 9. (9)MOM: Soyeon, What happened? What's the matter? 10. (10)SOYEON: (waa) Mom... I lost my wallet today. All my important things were in there... What am I supposed to do... 11. (11)MOM: What? Where? What was in your wallet? Did you lose a lot of money? I'll give you some money. 12. (12)SOYEON: Money... I had 1000won. But my credit card, pictures, business cards, keys... I lost it all. Mom what am I supposed to do! VOCABULARY Hangul Romanization English KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 4 ----------------------- Page 5----------------------- What am I to do?, What 어떡해 eotteokhae should I do? to be contained inside, to be 들어있다 deureoitda included inside 나오다 naoda to come out 주다 juda to give 물건 mulgeon thing, item, object 잃어 버리다 ilheo beorida to lose 밥 bap meal, rice 사진 sajin picture, photo 다 da all, everything 카드 kadeu card, credit card 명함 myeongham business card 열쇠 yeolsoe key 돈 don money 되다 doeda to become 많이 mani very, a lot 빨리 ppalli fast, quickly 먹다 meokta to eat 기분 gibun feeling, mood 지갑 jigap wallet, purse 중요하다 jungyohada to be important but, however (colloquial 근데 geunde version of 그런데) SAMPLE SENTENCES KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 5 ----------------------- Page 6----------------------- 이제 우리 어떡해? 지갑에 무엇이 들어있어요? ji-ga-be mu-eo-si deu-reo-i-sseo-yo? "Now what should we do about it?" "What's in your wallet?" 주머니에서 이것이 나왔어요. 당신에게 특별한 선물을 주고 싶어요. jumeoni-eseo igeos-i nawasseoyo. dangsin-ege teukbyeolhan seonmul-eul jugo sipeoyo. "This came out of my pocket." "I want to give you a special gift." 시간을 주세요. 여기는 재미있는 물건들이 많이 있어요. sigan-eul juseyo. yeogi-neun jaemi-itneun mulgeon-deuri mani isseoyo. "Give me some time, please." "There are many interesting things here." 핸드폰을 잃어 버렸어요! 샤워하고 저녁 밥 먹어. haendeupon-eul ireobeoreosseoyo. showohago jeoneyok bap meokeo "I've lost my cellphone!" "Take a shower and eat dinner." 밥 먹었어요? 사진 찍자 ! bab meogeosseoyo? "Let's take a photo!" "Did you eat?" 가족 사진입니다. 다 줄게. gajok sajin-imnida. da julge. "This is a picture of my family." "I'll give you all." 카드도 괜찮아요? 여기 제 명함입니다. kadeu-do gwaenchanayo? yeogi je myeonghamimnida. "Can I pay with a credit card?" "This is my business card." 열쇠가 어디 있나요? 계산대로 가서 돈을 내자. yeolsoe-ga eodi itnayo? "Let's go to the counter and pay the bill." "Where is the key?" KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 6 ----------------------- Page 7----------------------- 돈 줘 ! 왜 가수가 되고 싶어요? don jwo! wae gasu-ga doego sipeoyo? "Give me money!" "Why do you want to become a singer?" 선생님이 되고 싶어요. 고추장을 너무 많이 넣으면 매워요. seonsaengnim-i doego sipeoyo. go-chu-jang-eul neo-mu ma-ni neo-eu-myeon mae- wo-yo. "I want to become a teacher." "If you put in too much red pepper paste, it will be spicy." 많이 배웠어요. 최대한 빨리 갈게요. mani baewosseoyo. choedaehan ppalli galgeyo. "I learned a lot." "I'll be there as soon as I can." 빨리 일어나! 갈비 먹고 싶어요. ppalli ireona. "I want to eat galbi." "Get up quickly!" 같이 밥 먹으러 가요. 오늘 기분 어때요? ga-chi bab meo-geu-reo ga-yo. oneul gibun eottaeyo? "Let's go eat together." "How are you feeling today?" 내 지갑 어디 있어? 외국어 공부는 중요합니다. nae ji-gap eo-di i-sseo? oegugeo gongbu-neun jungyohamnida. "Where is my wallet?" "Learning foreign languages is important." 경험은 정말 중요해요. 저는 오늘 바빠요. 근데 내일은 괜찮아요. gyeongheom-eun jeongmal jung-yohaeyo. "I'm busy today. But tomorrow is ok." "Experience is really important." 김치찌개를 좋아해요. 근데 매워요. kimchijjigaereul joahaeyo. geunde maeueoyo. "I like kimchi stew. But it's spicy." HANJA VOCABULARY KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 7 ----------------------- Page 8----------------------- Word Hanja Meaning Compound Examples 기분(spirit/energy + division) = mood spirit, 공기 (empty + energy) = air 기 氣 energy 기체 (energy + body) = gas 신분(body + to divide) = identity, social 분 分 to divide position 부분(group + to divide) = part 중요(heavy + essential) = important 중금속(heavy + steel + group) = heavy 중 重 heavy metal 중책(heavy + responsibility) = important position 요점(essential + point) = key point 요약(essential + approximately) = 요 要 essential summary 필요(must + essential) = need 물건(thing + thing) = thing, object 물 物 thing 동물(to move + thing ）= animal 생물(alive + thing ）= life, living thing 사건(work + thing) = event, incident 용건(to use + thing) = business, matter, 건 件 thing something to do 안건(thought + thing) = matter, item, case KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 8 ----------------------- Page 9----------------------- 사진(copy + real) = picture, photo 사 寫 to copy 복사(to repeat + copy) = photocopy 사본(copy + book) = duplicate, copy 진품(real + product) = authentic product 진 眞 real 진리(true + reason, principle) = truth 진실(true + fact) = fact, truth 명함(name + gag/bit) = business card 명 名 name 명성(name + sound) = reputation 명예(name + honor) = honor 직함(position + bit) = title, position 함 銜 gag, bit 존함(respect + bit) = name(honorific) GRAMMAR In today's lesson, two very commonly used grammatical structures were introduced. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grammar Point #1 - I Think... - ㄴ/은 것 같다 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This grammatical structure introduces a way for one to be a little indirect when speaking, which is an important aspect of Korean culture. This grammatical structure is roughly equivalent to the English "I think ..." or "It seems like ..." This structure is used in conjunction with descriptive verbs and the copula 이다 (ida). ----------------------------- ▷ Construction KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 9 ----------------------- Page 10----------------------- ----------------------------- (a) Descriptive Verb Stem ending in a consonant + 은 것 같다 (b) Descriptive Verb Stem ending in a vowel + ㄴ 것 같다 For example: (a) 좋다 An example of indirectness. (a) 비싸다 - it's expensive (b) 비싼 것 같다 - I think it's expensive. In this specific example, example (a) is quite direct, whereas example (b) is a bit more indirect. Therefore it's softer language, and more appreciated. ----------------------------- ▷ In This Dialog ----------------------------- (6)성민: 몰라요. 기분이 안 좋은 것 같아요. (6)Seongmin : mollayo. gibun-i an joheun geot gatayo. (6)Seongmin: I don't know. I don't think she's feeling to well. --------------------------- ♣ More Examples ♣ --------------------------- 1.아저씨 집은 바싼 것 같에요. (ajeossi jip-eun bissan geot gat-eyo.) Mister, your house seems to be expensive. 2.성민은 수집어 한 것 같에. (seongmin-eun sujibeo han geot gat-e) KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 10 ----------------------- Page 11----------------------- Seongmin seems to be shy. 3.현철은 바쁜 것 같다. (hyeoncheol-eun bappeun geot gatta). HyeonCheol seems to be busy. (Negation) 4.오스틴은 아픈 것 같지 않다. (oseutin-eun apeun geot gatchi Austin does not seem to be hurt. 5.오스틴은 아프지 않은 것 같다. Austin seems like he is not hurt. ------------------------ ☞ remember ☜ ------------------------ The resulting ending (같다) can be conjugated according to politeness level or tense, just like any verb. 같다 (gatta) is an independent word, which expresses “to be like,” and “to be similar.” The negation (-지 않다) can be expressed in both the final verb (같다) or the main verb with – ㄴ (은). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grammar Point #2 - but, however, so - ㄴ/는데 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ㄴ/는데 is a grammatical structure, which can be translated in several different ways, according to circumstances. It can be translated as "and," "but," however," or "so." It can be used as a sentence ending, or a non-final ending. As the translation suggests, it is used when one wishes to introduce another sentence. ----------------------------- KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 11 ----------------------- Page 12----------------------- ▷ Construction ----------------------------- (a) -는데 is added to a verb stem. (b) - ㄴ데 to a descriptive verb stem that ends in a vowel, (c) -은데 to a descriptive verb stem that ends in a consonant. Example: (a) 한국어를 공부한다 + 그런데 = 한국어를 공부하는데 (b) 키가 크다 + 그런데 = 키가 큰데 (c) 키가 작다 + 그런데 = 키가 작은데 But the verb 이다 becomes '인데' Example: 나는 학생이다 + 그런데 ... = 나는 학생인데, ... ----------------------------- ▷ In This Dialog ----------------------------- (10)소연: 엄마.... 나 오늘 지갑 잃어 버렸어요. 그 안에 중요한 물건 다 있는데... 나 어떡해요... (10)Soyeon : eomma... na oneul jigap ilheo beoryeosseoyo. geu an-e jungyohan mulgeon da itneunde... na eotteokhaeyo... (10)Soyeon: (waa) Mom... I lost my wallet today. All my important things were in there... What am I supposed to do... --------------------------- ♣ More Examples ♣ --------------------------- 저는 이 학교 다녔는데, 별로 좋아하지 않았어요. I attended this school, but I didn't particularly like it. KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 12 ----------------------- Page 13----------------------- 저는 이 학교 다녔는데 (I attended this school, but) - this sentence is an introduction to the main clause: 별로 좋아하지 않았어요. (I didn't particularly like it.) 오늘 추운데, 모자 써. It's cold today, so wear a hat. 오늘 추운데 (It's cold today so,) - this sentence is an introduction to the main clause: 모자 써. (wear a hat.) If this structure is used as a sentence ending, then it is implying another idea after that. Here are a few examples: 나 오늘 바쁜데. (못 만나.) I'm busy today so. (I can't meet.) 여기 밥 많이 안 주는데. (다른 데 가자.) They don't give a lot of food here so. (let's go somewhere else.) These must be inferred from context. ------------------------ ☞ remember ☜ ------------------------ This grammatical structure originally comes from "-다 + 그런데", and 그런데 means 'but' or 'however'. Therefore, -은데 or -는데 means "...., but". But -는/는데 can also mean that something is expected after this. You can hear a lot of sentences in Korean finishing with -는/는데, and this mean the speaker is indicating a different idea or another possibility, or it can be a signal for feedback. ("맛있는데." can mean "It is delicious but..." but it can also mean "I think it's delicious, and what do you think?") --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grammar Point #3 - Doing Something Unintentionally - 버리다 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The verb 버리다 originally means "to throw away", but when it is combined with another verb stem that precedes it, it means "to do something that wasn't intended" or "to do something KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 13 ----------------------- Page 14----------------------- completely, or totally". (a) 말해 버리다. = to ending up saying something that should not have been said (b) 가 버리다. = to go away completely (c) 나는 그 책을 사 버렸다. = I didn't mean to, but I ended up buying that book. (d) 그는 나를 잊어 버렸다. = He has completely forgotten about me. (e) 누군가가 나를 봐 버렸다. = Somebody saw me, although I was hoping that nobody would. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grammar Point #4 - What Am I to Do? - 어떡해 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This phrase is used in times of distress when one does not know what to do. This phrase is used more often by females than males. This phrase, 어떡해 comes from '어떻게 해', which means 'What should I do? or What am I supposed to do?' CULTURAL INSIGHT If you drop or forget something in the subway or on a bus in Korea, chances are rare that it would go unnoticed by anyone before it reaches the end of the bus/subway route. But if it does end up being found by the driver of the bus/subway train, you can call the bus/subway companies and ask if they have your lost item in their lost and found center. But in case someone picks it up and gives you a phone call, it is stated in the law the founder can ask the owner for a compensation of 5~20% of the item's worth. But the usual rate that people give and take is around 10% of the item's worth (or if it's your wallet that you had lost, the amount of money that you had in the wallet.) And if you've picked up somebody's wallet and you don't know how to return it to the person, you can just put it into a nearest postbox, and the postman will safely deliver it to the owner. KOREANCLASS101.COM INTERMEDIATE #1 - WHAT AM I TO DO? 14